Humanizing bioinformatics
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In this talk, I explain the need for basic visualization know-how in bioinformatics.
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Humanizing bioinformatics
- 1. Humanizing bioinformatics Jan Aerts Assistant Professor - ESAT/SCD BioData Analysis & Visualization Faculty of Engineering Leuven University jan.aerts@esat.kuleuven.be @jandot
- 2. whoami Leuven
- 3. whoami Wageningen
- 4. whoami Roslin
- 5. whoami Hinxton
- 6. whoami Leuven
- 8. bout lk a ta at I’ll wh scientific research paradigms - big & complex data - what about the user? - data visualization
- 9. scientific research throughout time
- 10. Science Paradigms 1st 1,000s years ago empirical 2nd 100s years ago theoretical 3rd last few decades computational 4rd today data exploration Jim Gray
- 11. Science Paradigms 1st 1,000s years ago empirical 2nd 100s years ago theoretical 3rd computational biology last few decades computational 4rd today bioinformatics data exploration Jim Gray
- 12. ever bigger datasets ever more complicated mining algorithms
- 13. case in point: genome sequencing
- 14. why do we sequence?
- 15. transcriptionally active sites protein-DNA interactions alternative splicing gene expression variation discovery copy number variation miRNA expression & discovery
- 16. single nucleotide polymorphisms coverage reads polymorphisms gene model
- 17. structural variation Robberecht et al, 2010 Molecular Biology of the Cell, 4th Edition
- 22. HGP: 15 years, $3 billion, tens of labs => 1 genome now: 1 week, $5000, 1 technician => 1 genome
- 23. genome sequencing throughput Mardis, 2010
- 24. genome sequencing throughput “next-generation” sequencing platforms Mardis, 2010
- 25. NHGRI
- 26. Metzker et al, 2010
- 27. big throughput => big data
- 29. advanced data mining support vector machine recursive feature e limination n ifold le arning ma adaptive cascade shar ing trees
- 30. “Dammit Jim, I’m a doctor, not a bioinformatician!” Christophe Lambert
- 31. “Dammit Jim, I’m a doctor, not a bioinformatician!” We’re alienating the user... too much data blind trust (?) in bioinformatician
- 32. but... what’s the question? what parameters should I use? can I trust this output? I can’t wrap my head around this...
- 33. what’s the question? 4th paradigm question -> hypothesis -> generate data
- 34. what’s the question? 4th paradigm question -> hypothesis -> generate data generate data -> see what we can do with it
- 35. Gene interaction data: “A regulates B”
- 36. what parameters should I use?
- 37. peak
- 38. but is this?
- 39. van de Wiel et al, 2010
- 40. T. Voet
- 41. can I trust this output? data filtering putative mutations filter 1 filter 2 filter 3 A B C different settings for filters
- 42. B A C
- 43. B A C State of the art: run many filter pipelines and take intersection
- 44. What we should have found... B A C
- 45. different algorithms for finding the same thing
- 47. I can’t wrap my head around this... too much (?) info
- 48. treatment plan for cancer patients heterogeneous datasets multiple abstraction levels multiple sources multiple formats patient/clinical data population/family data tissue samples MR/CT/X-ray pathways gene expression data collaborative data examination pathologist geneticist biologist
- 51. “... the use of computer-supported, interactive, visual representations of data to amplify cognition” (S Card, J Mackinlay & B Schneiderman) “... computer-based visualization systems providing visual representations of datasets intended to help people carry out some task more effectively.” (T Munzner)
- 53. cognitive task => perceptive task
- 55. I II III IV x y x y x y x y 10.0 8.04 10.0 9.14 10.0 7.46 8.0 6.58 8.0 6.95 8.0 8.14 8.0 6.77 8.0 5.76 13.0 7.58 13.0 8.74 13.0 12.74 8.0 7.71 9.0 8.81 9.0 8.77 9.0 7.11 8.0 8.84 11.0 8.33 11.0 9.26 11.0 7.81 8.0 8.47 14.0 9.96 14.0 8.10 14.0 8.84 8.0 7.04 6.0 7.24 6.0 6.13 6.0 6.08 8.0 5.25 4.0 4.26 4.0 3.10 4.0 5.39 19.0 12.50 12.0 10.84 12.0 9.13 12.0 8.15 8.0 5.56 7.0 4.82 7.0 7.26 7.0 6.42 8.0 7.91 5.0 5.68 5.0 4.74 5.0 5.73 8.0 6.80 mean x = 9.0 variance x = 11.0 correlation x & y = 0.816 n = 11 mean y = 7.5 variance y = 4.12 regression line: y = 3+0.5x
- 57. exploration explanation
- 58. exploration explanation pictorial superiority effect “information” 72hr “informa” “i” 65% 1%
- 59. exploration explanation J van Wijk
- 60. exploration explanation
- 61. some of the principles (taken from T Munzner) know your visual encodings power of the plane danger of depth eyes beat memory overview, zoom and filter, details on demand overview, zoom and filter, details on demand overview, zoom and filter, details on demand overview, zoom and filter, details on demand overview, zoom and filter, details on demand ...
- 62. visual encoding channels position on common scale position on unaligned scale 2D size 3D size Mackinlay
- 63. “power of the plane” position on common scale position on unaligned scale 2D size 3D size
- 64. examples of sub-optimal encoding
- 69. Don’t believe everything you see
- 73. same network Martin Krzewinsky
- 74. different networks! Martin Krzewinsky
- 75. 3D, anyone?
- 76. 3D, anyone? occlusion interaction complexity perspective distortion text legibility
- 77. Gene interaction data: “A regulates B”
- 78. regulator workhorse manager
- 79. size of effect shown in graphic “lie factor” = size of effect in data
- 82. Humanizing bioinformatics there and back again put the user back in the loop!
- 83. Thank you
- 84. Acknowledgments • graphics creators • Tamara Munzner • Martin Krzewinski
- 85. Image attributions ... got lost ... If you find something that’s yours, let me know!