Slides from the webinar about LoRa / LoRaWAN by Jan Jongboom (Arm) and Johan Stokking (The Things Network) on 29 November 2017.

1. © 2017 Arm Limited
Jan Jongboom, Arm
Johan Stokking, The Things Industries
Getting started with LoRa
using Arm Mbed and The
Things Network
Webinar

2. © 2017 Arm Limited 2
Your hosts
Johan Stokking
CTO & Co-Founder, The Things Industries
Jan Jongboom
Developer Evangelist IoT, Arm

3. © 2017 Arm Limited 3
The case for LoRa
Powerconsumption/Bandwidth
Range

4. © 2017 Arm Limited 4
Many choices...
10 years battery life, 10 km range

5. © 2017 Arm Limited
LoRa PHYsics
crash-course
© 2017 Arm Limited

6. © 2017 Arm Limited 6
High link budget
TX
P (dBm)
RX
Derived from work by Thomas Telkamp
TX Power
Connector loss
Antenna gain
Connector loss
Antenna gain
RX Power
Path loss and fading
14
0
-100

7. © 2017 Arm Limited 6
High link budget
RX
Derived from work by Thomas Telkamp
TX Power
Connector loss
Antenna gain
Connector loss
Antenna gain
RX Power
Path loss and fading
Receiver sensitivity
-137 dBm
14 dBm151 dBm link budget

8. © 2017 Arm Limited 7
Link budget
Wi-Fi
Sub-GHz 6LoWPAN
LoRa
TX Power RX Sensitivity Link budget
20 dBm -75 dBm 95 dBm
11 dBm -110 dBm 121 dBm
14 dBm -137 dBm 151 dBm

9. © 2017 Arm Limited 8
Theoretical maximum in free space
2.4 GHz, with 95.5 dBm link budget:
550 meters
915 MHz, with 151 dBm link budget:
850,000 meters

10. © 2017 Arm Limited 9

11. © 2017 Arm Limited 10
Unfortunately... we don't live in free space
Attenuation Reflection and diffraction Fresnel zone

12. © 2017 Arm Limited
Based on Tokyo - model for calculating realistic path loss
Picture by Moyan Brenn: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Tokyo_(16043023330).jpg© 2017 Arm Limited
Hata model
Large city (250 bps)
Large city (1,760 bps)
Suburb (250 bps)
TX height RX height Range
0.1 m 40 m 4 km
0.1 m 40 m 2.5 km
0.1 m 40 m 9 km
Suburb (250 bps) 1 m 100 m 13 km

13. © 2017 Arm Limited
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=dxYY097QNs0

14. © 2017 Arm Limited
What is LoRaWAN?

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LoRaWAN
LoRaWAN is a standardized, bi-directional messaging protocol on top of LoRa modulation; the
physical layer
In the data link layer, LoRaWAN manages channels, data
rates and executes MAC commands
LoRaWAN messages contain device addresses and the server
selects gateways for downlink in the network layer
The server and device keep track of frame counters and
perform a message integrity check in the transport layer
LoRaWAN’s over the air activation (OTAA) manages the
creation of a new session with security context
LoRaWAN encrypts application payload but does not prescribe
a binary payload format to use

16. © 2017 Arm Limited 15
Device classes
Flexibility in power conservation versus fast network initiated transmission
Class A ! Class B ⏰ Class C ⚡
Device initiated communication
Devices are typically in deep
sleep and send messages on
intervals and/or events
Only after uplink transmission,
there is a receive window for
downlink messages
Best for most sensor
applications and battery
conservation
Time synchronized
communication
The network broadcasts beacons
for devices to sync time
In so-called ping slots, devices
wake up and the network may
send downlink messages
Best for most downlink intensive
applications
Network initiated
communication
The devices are continuously
listening, often temporarily or
on power supply
The network can send downlink
message at any given time
Best for downlink intensive
applications that require low
latencies

17. © 2017 Arm Limited 16
Typical LoRaWAN Topology
Network Session Key: Message Integrity
Applicadon Session Key: Join, Encrypdon and Decrypdon
Devices Gateways Network Server User
ApplicaTon
ApplicaTon
Server

18. © 2017 Arm Limited 17

19. © 2017 Arm Limited
The Things Network

20. © 2017 Arm Limited 19
The Things Network Mission
Our mission
is to build
a decentralized,
open and
crowd sourced
IoT data network
Owned and operated by its users

21. © 2017 Arm Limited

22. © 2017 Arm Limited

23. © 2017 Arm Limited 22
Driving the LPWAN developer community
0 - 1 1K - 1M1 - 1K

24. © 2017 Arm Limited 23
Driving the LPWAN developer community
where the magic happens
comfort zone
1K - 1M

25. © 2017 Arm Limited 24
You are the network

26. © 2017 Arm Limited 25
The Things Conference: 1-3 February 2018
https://www.thethingsconference.com
10% discount with code: 'I-KNOW-A-SPEAKER'

27. © 2017 Arm Limited
Getting started

28. © 2017 Arm Limited 27
Arm Mbed
A free, open source Platform OS targeting IoT end node devices
Mbed
OS
Cortex-M
RTOS
kernel
Portable
drivers
Integrated
security
IoT
connectivity
Device
management
Development
tools
Developer
community
Partner
ecosystem
150 development boards
LoRa, BLE, Cellular, Wi-Fi, etc.

29. © 2017 Arm Limited
Mbed OS tools
28
mbed.org/code
Mbed CLI
Command Line
Interface Mbed pyOCD
CMSIS-DAP Debug Library
Mbed DAPLink
CMSIS-DAP Debug Firmware
Mbed Greentea
Porting Testsuite and CI
Mbed Compiler
Free Online IDE
Mbed OS DVCS support
Mbed OS IDEs and toolchains
Mbed OS core tools
Arm Compiler 5
Online Compiler to get started quickly
Wide support for offline toolchains

30. © 2017 Arm Limited 29
Two approaches
Module Radio
Radio + MCU
Easy to integrate in own design
Pre-certified
SX1272 or SX1276
Cheaper material / higher design cost
Need to do own RF design

31. © 2017 Arm Limited 30
Picking a gateway
Kerlink IoT station
Multi-Tech Conduit
IMST iC880A
Lorix One
The Things Gateway
Lorrier LR2
SX1301 + 2x SX1257

32. © 2017 Arm Limited 31
Hands-on, building a network
L-TEK FF1705 Multi-Tech Conduit Network Server

35. Device EUI

41. © 2017 Arm Limited
Comparison against other
LPWANs

42. © 2017 Arm Limited
Operated in unlicensed spectrum
Controlled by a single company
From device to gateway: similar link budget
From gateway to device: 20 dBm lower link budget
Radios made my multiple vendors, cheaper radio cost
41
Sigfox

43. © 2017 Arm Limited 42
LTE Cat-M
Licensed spectrum is expensive, 1.4 MHz channels
Complex RF design (LTE frontend)
Power management similar to LoRaWAN
Native IP, high bandwidth is nice
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_2008_wireless_spectrum_auction

44. © 2017 Arm Limited 43
NB-IoT
Licensed spectrum is expensive, 200 KHz channels
Higher data rates, higher link budget
8x higher capacity from device to gateway,
than otherwise
Intellectual Property Risk
Native IP? Depends who you ask, package size is small.

45. © 2017 Arm Limited
http://bit.ly/lora-update-demo

46. © 2017 Arm Limited 45
Recap
1. LoRa is awesome!
2. Buy a development board and a gateway, and get started.
3. Mbed OS is a proven platform OS with excellent LoRaWAN support.
4. The Things Network is the developer community for LoRaWAN.
5. Want to learn more? Come to The Things Conference, 1-3 February 2018!
https://www.thethingsconference.com
© 2017 Arm Limited
https://www.sketchport.com/drawing/6326943955812352/pink-blurry-unicorn-under-a-rainbow

47. Thank You!
Danke!
Merci!
!
!
Gracias!
Kiitos!
감사합니다
धन्यवाद
© 2017 Arm Limited
https://github.com/johanstokking/arm-ttn-webinar
https://os.mbed.com/teams/MultiTech/code/Dot-Examples/
http://bit.ly/lora-update-demo
http://slideshare.net/janjongboom/

48. © 2017 Arm Limited
The Arm trademarks featured in this presentation are registered trademarks or
trademarks of Arm Limited (or its subsidiaries) in the US and/or elsewhere. All rights
reserved. All other marks featured may be trademarks of their respective owners.
www.arm.com/company/policies/trademarks