The circulatory system, also known as the cardiovascular system, transports blood throughout the body using the heart and blood vessels. The heart pumps blood through arteries, which branch into smaller vessels called capillaries where nutrients, oxygen, carbon dioxide, and waste are exchanged. Veins then return deoxygenated blood back to the heart. The circulatory system helps transport nutrients, oxygen, hormones, removes waste, regulates temperature and pH, and maintains homeostasis in the body.

2. Circulatory System
• Also called as “cardiovascular system”
• An organ system that permits blood to
circulate and transport nutrients

3. Functions of the Circulatory System
• Transportation of nutrients, oxygen,
carbon dioxide, hormones to other body
parts
• Helps in fighting diseases
• Stabilizes temperature and pH levels
• Maintaining homeostasis

6. Heart
• Center of the Circulatory System
• Pumps blood through the blood vessels
of the circulatory system
• Situated in the middle mediastinum
• Largest part of the heart is usually on the
left side of the human’s body

8. Arteries
• Blood vessels that carry blood away from
the heart
• Have a higher pressure than any portion
of the circulatory system

9. Capillaries
• Smallest type of blood vessels
• One cell layer thick only
• Allows water, nutrients and waste
substances to pass through

11. Ventricle
• A chamber where the blood is being
expelled from the heart
• Has thick walls
• Interventricular septum – a stout wall
that separates the left and right ventricle

12. Ventricle
• Papillary Muscle
• Muscles located in the ventricles of the
heart
• 5 Papillary Muscles: Three in the right
and Two in the left
• Prevents the backflow of the blood into
the atrial cavities

13. Heart Valves

14. Heart Valves
• Allows blood to flow in one direction
through the heart
• Situated around the cardiac skeleton

15. Heart Valves
• Mitral or Bicuspid Valve
• A dual-flap valve in the heart that lies
between the left atrium and left ventricle
• Closes during atrial contraction to
prevent a blood flow reversal

16. Heart Valves
• Tricuspid Valve
• Found between the right atrium and
right ventricle
• Prevents blood flow back into the right
atrium

19. Veins
• Blood vessels that carries blood towards
the heart
• Less muscular than the arteries

20. Veins
• Superior Vena Cava
• Returns deoxygenated blood from the
systemic circulation to the right atrium of
the heart
• 24 mm in length

21. Veins
• Inferior Vena Cava
• Carries deoxygenated blood from the
lower and middle body into the right
atrium of the heart.

22. Veins
• Jugular Veins
• Veins that bring deoxygenated blood
from the head back to the heart through
the superior vena cava

23. Veins
• Pulmonary Veins
• Veins that carries blood-containing
oxygen from the lungs to the heart

24. Blood
• It is a body fluid that delivers necessary
substances to the cells and transports
metabolic waste products away from the
cells

25. Functions of the Blood
• Supplies oxygen to the tissues
• Supplies nutrients
• Removal of waste such as carbon dioxide
and lactic acid
• Detection of antibodies
• Transport of hormones
• Regulation of the body pH
• Regulation of the core body temperature

26. Blood Plasma
• It is the pale yellow coloured liquid
component of blood that normally holds
the blood cells in whole
blood in suspension
• Makes up of the 55% of the body’s total
blood volume
• Protects the body from infections

27. Blood Plasma
It also contains useful things such as:
•Carbon Dioxide
•Glucose
•Amino Acids
•Proteins
•Vitamins
•Hormones

31. Red Blood Cells
• Also called as erythrocytes
• Most common type of blood cell
• Hemoglobin – an iron containing
biomolecule and it is responsible for the
red color of the cell
• Doesn’t have a nucleus
• It is flexible

32. White Blood Cells
• Also called as leukocytes
• Involved in the immune system
• Defends the body from foreign bodies
• Have a nucleus

33. White Blood Cells
• Neutrophil – most common type of
immune system; defends the body
against bacteria and fungi
• Eosinophil – control mechanisms
associated with allergy and asthma;
defends the body from larger parasites

36. Platelets
• Also called as thrombocytes
• Its function is to stop bleeding by
clumping and clotting blood vessel
injuries
• No cell nucleus

37. Platelets
• It is triggered when the collagen from
the subendothelium binds with its
receptors on the platelet

39. Blood Flow

41. Pathway of the Blood

42. Blood Pressure

43. Blood Pressure
• Systole – it is when ventricles contract
• Diastole – It is when the heart refills the
blood following the systole
• Cardiac Output – volume of blood
pumped by the left ventricle in one
minute

44. Mean Arterial Pressure