Carl Jung founded analytical psychology, which views people as both conscious and unconscious, rational and irrational. He believed occult phenomena and inherited ancestral experiences influence individuals. The psyche contains personal experiences and collective archetypes. Dreams are a source of understanding the unconscious, which aims for wholeness. Jung characterized types by attitudes and functions, and developed stages of life. His theories organized observations but lacked falsifiability.

1. Analytical Psychology
Carl Gustav Jung
PSY136 – Personality 1

2. Analytical Psychology
• Assumes that occult
phenomena can and
do influence the lives
of every individual.

3. Analytical Psychology
• Jung believed that we are not only motivated
by repressed experiences but also by
emotionally- toned experiences coming from
our ancestors.

4. Analytical Psychology
• It is a compendium of opposites. People are both:
– Introverted and extraverted
– Rational and irrational
– Male and female
– Conscious and unconscious
– Pushed by past events while being pulled by
future expectations.

5. Carl Gustav Jung
• Born in 1875 in Switzerland, to a pastor and a
daughter of a theologian.
• Eldest child only lived for three days while the
youngest child, a girl, was born 9 years after Jung.
• Family was influenced by both spirituality and mystic
beliefs.
• Mother was institutionalized due to a mental illness.
• Childhood experiences of being bullied and fainting
spells.
• Experienced personality 1 (extraverted) and
personality 2 (introverted).

6. Carl Gustav Jung
• Initial interest – archeology
• Pursued Medicine from 1894 – 1900
• 1903 - Married Emma Rauschenbach, from
the wealthiest family in Switzerland.
• 1906 – Studied in Word Association
• Friendship with Freud
• First conversation lasted 13 hours
• President of the International Psychoanalytic
Association

7. Carl Gustav Jung
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1912 – The Psychology of the Unconscious
Coldness in his friendship with Freud
1914 – Break from Freud
Different definitions of the Unconscious
“Period of Creative Illness”
1938 – Terry Lectures at Yale University
Controversy about being a Nazi sympathizer
Died in 1961.

8. Levels of Psyche
Conscious
Unconscious
• Conscious images are
• Personal Unconscious
those sensed by the
• Collective Unconscious
ego.
• The ego is the center of
consciousness.
• Relatively unimportant
in analytical psychology.

9. Personal Unconscious
• Embraces all repressed, forgotten, or subliminally
perceived experiences by one individual.
• Contains infantile memories and impulses,
forgotten events, and experiences originally
perceived below the threshold of consciousness.
• Contains “complexes”.
– Emotionally toned conglomeration of associated
ideas.

10. Collective Unconscious
• Jung’s most distinctive concept.
• Emotionally toned experiences derived from
ancestors.
• Responsible for myths, legends, and religious
beliefs.
• Refers not to the inherited ideas but to man’s
innate tendency to act in a certain way
whenever experience stimulates a
biologically- inherited response tendency.
• Contains the “archetypes”.

11. Personal unconscious Collective unconscious
• Composed of
complexes
– Emotionally toned
experiences.
– Individualized
components of the
personal
unconscious.
• Composed of archetypes
– These are generalized
and derived from the
contents of the
collective unconscious.
– Dreams are main
source.
– Primarily emphasized
over personal
unconscious.

12. Personal and Collective Unconscious

13. The Archetypes
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Persona
Shadow
Anima
Animus
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Great Mother
Wise Old Man
The Hero
Self

14. The Self
• It contains both personal and collective unconscious
images.
• Unites the opposing forces of the psyche.
• Mandala is the ultimate symbol.

15. Dynamics of Personality
• Causality vs. Teleology
– Causality – past events
– Teleology – expectations of the future
• Progression vs. Regression
– Progression- adaptation to the outside world.
– Regression – adaptation to the new world.

16. Psychological Types
Attitudes
Functions
• The predisposition to act
or react in a
characteristic direction.
• Introversion – turning
inward of psychic
energy; subjective
• Extraversion – turning
outward of psychic
energy; objective.
• Sensing – tells people
that something exists.
• Feeling – perceiving
value or worth
• Thinking – recognizing
meaning
• Intuiting – knowing
something without
knowing how they know.

17. Psychological Types
•ENFJ (Extroverted feeling with intuiting):
– These people are easy speakers.
– They tend to idealize their friends.
– They make good parents, but have a tendency to allow
themselves to be used.
– They make good therapists, teachers, executives, and
salespeople.
•ENFP (Extroverted intuiting with feeling):
– These people love novelty and surprises.
– They are big on emotions and expression.
– They are susceptible to muscle tension and tend to be
hyperalert.
– They tend to feel self-conscious.
– They are good at sales, advertising, politics, and acting.

18. Psychological Types
•ENTJ (Extroverted thinking with intuiting):
• In charge at home, they expect a lot from spouses and
kids.
• They like organization and structure and tend to make
good executives and administrators.
•ENTP (Extroverted intuiting with thinking):
• These are lively people, not humdrum or orderly.
• As mates, they are a little dangerous, especially
economically.
• They are good at analysis and make good entrepreneurs.
• They do tend to play at oneupmanship.

19. Psychological Types
•ESFJ (Extroverted feeling with sensing):
• These people like harmony.
• They tend to have strong shoulds and should-nots.
• They may be dependent, first on parents and later on
spouses.
• They wear their hearts on their sleeves and excel in service
occupations involving personal contact.
•ESFP (Extroverted sensing with feeling):
• Very generous and impulsive, they have a low
• tolerance for anxiety.
• They make good performers, they like public relations, and
they love the phone.
• They should avoid scholarly pursuits, especially science.

20. Psychological Types
•ESTJ (Extroverted thinking with sensing):
• These are responsible mates and parents and are loyal to
the workplace.
• They are realistic, down-to-earth, orderly, and love
tradition.
• They often find themselves joining civic clubs!
•ESTP (Extroverted sensing with thinking):
• These are action-oriented people, often sophisticated,
sometimes ruthless -- our "James Bonds."
• As mates, they are exciting and charming, but they have
trouble with commitment.
• They make good promoters, entrepreneurs, and con artists.

21. Psychological Types
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INFJ (Introverted intuiting with feeling):
• These are serious students and workers who really want to
contribute.
• They are private and easily hurt.
• They make good spouses, but tend to be physically reserved.
• People often think they are psychic.
• They make good therapists, general practitioners, ministers,
and so on.
•INFP (Introverted feeling with intuiting):
• These people are idealistic, self-sacrificing, and somewhat cool
or reserved.
• They are very family and home oriented, but do not relax well.
• They are in psychology, architecture, and religion, but never in
business.

22. Psychological Types
•INTJ (Introverted intuiting with feeling):
• These are the most independent of all types.
• They love logic and ideas and are drawn to scientific research.
• They can be rather single-minded, though.
•INTP (Introverted thinking with intuiting):
• Faithful, preoccupied, and forgetful, these are the bookworms.
• They tend to be very precise in their use of language.
• They are good at logic and math and make good philosophers
and theoretical scientists, but not writers or salespeople.

23. Psychological Types
•ISFJ (Introverted sensing with feeling):
• These people are service and work oriented.
• They may suffer from fatigue and tend to be attracted to
troublemakers.
• They are good nurses, teachers, secretaries, general practitioners,
librarians, middle managers, and housekeepers.
•ISFP (Introverted feeling with sensing):
• They are shy and retiring, are not talkative, but like sensuous
action.
• They like painting, drawing, sculpting, composing, dancing -- the
arts generally -- and they like nature.
• They are not big on commitment.

24. Psychological Types
•ISTJ (Introverted sensing with thinking):
• These are dependable pillars of strength.
• They often try to reform their mates and other people.
• They make good bank examiners, auditors, accountants, tax
examiners, supervisors in libraries and hospitals, business, home
ec., and phys. ed. teachers, and boy or girl scouts!
•ISTP (Introverted thinking with sensing):
• These people are action-oriented and fearless, and crave
excitement.
• They are impulsive and dangerous to stop.
• They often like tools, instruments, and weapons, and often
become technical experts.
• They are not interested in communications and are often
incorrectly diagnosed as dyslexic or hyperactive.
• They tend to do badly in school.

25. Stages of Development
• Childhood
– Anarchic
– Monarchic
– Dualistic
• Youth – puberty until middle life
• Middle Life – begins at 35-40 years
• Old Age – twilight years

26. Self- Realization
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Psychological rebirth
Process of becoming a whole individual
Process of integrating opposite poles
Innate tendency toward growth, wholeness,
and perfection.

27. Methods of Investigation
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Word Association
Dream Analysis
Active Imagination
Psychotherapy

28. Critique
• Jung’s Theory Is:
– Moderate on Generating Research and
Organizing Observations
– Low on Practicality, Internal Consistency,
and Parsimony
– Very Low on Falsifiability

29. Concept of Humanity
• He was not Deterministic nor Purposeful,
Optimistic nor Pessimistic
• People are both Causal and Teleological
• People Motivated by both Conscious and
Unconscious Thoughts
• Biology over Social
• Similarity over Individual Differences