Nanotechnology's Promise for Medicine

Nanotechnology Essay
Nanotechnology is the creation of functional materials, devices and systems through control of
matter at the scale of 1–100 nanometers, and the exploitation of novel properties and phenomena at
the same scale; nanotechnology is also called molecular manufacturing. Nanotechnology is a result
of the combination of different scientific fields such as physics, biology, engineering chemistry, and
computer science in addition to many more. The foundation of nanotechnology is that atoms make up
all things in our world; which can be manipulated to produce almost anything.
Nanotechnology, as it is understood today, was introduced by a man named Eric Drexler. He
presented his ideas in a...show more content...
Some of the practical applications of nanotechnology today are to fabricate smaller faster computer
chips for more efficient computers, mobile phones, or navigation systems. Nanotechnology also
brought about the quantum dot laser, which enables faster communication. Nanotechnology could be
utilized by today's society in countless ways and will revolutionize our lives. The advances in
medicine would be mind–boggling. Tiny robots could detect diseases when they've just barely
begun to form, repair injuries more completely than ever before, and even body parts with new ones.
Microscopic cameras and other recording devices would change the intelligence and security
industry by enabling them to watch and monitor like never before. We would have the luxury of
carrying around huge amounts of information; thousands of music albums and movies–on tiny
devices that fit in our pocket. Nanotechnology will totally change our lives. We'll expect much more
from the products we buy–expect, for example, a wrench we buy at the hardware store will be 100
times as strong as steel. Our concept of size will change drastically; the devices we use today will
seem large and clunky. With nanotechnology, we'll expect the devices we use every day to be tiny,
light, and very efficient. If scientists are able to actually make molecular sized machines, we would
no longer have resource problems of any kind. Oil, food, wood, and any other raw materials could be
broken down
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Essay on Nanotechnology
Nanotechnology
Nanotechnology is the development of atoms in a certain object. Nanotechnology has become very
popular in the past few years. It is a way to rebuild the systems of life. To make systems move
faster than ever before. Nanometer is about 10 times the size of an atom. Each of these has a huge
effect on a system. Still there are questions out there that keep people wondering how important
nanotechnology is to us. Many wonder how will it affect them and if we should continue this
research. I myself wondered about nanotechnology. After researching this topic I have learned new
and interesting facts to help me understand the entire concept.
Nanotechnology is defined as "the development and use of devices that have a size of...show more
content...
Nanotechnology is found in our every day lives, from the tires on your cars to the medicines that can
save your life. Every day this concept improves our lives. It gives us the ability to discover new
and helpful things. Research shows that the problems with healthcare will be minimized.
Nanotechnology will help solve medical problems by identifying the problem and locating it so
that is can be treated. It will eventually give us the technology that only exists in the movies. It
will give us the ability to go farther in space and discover if there is truly other life out there.
Nanotechnology will eventually help us to do what many only dream of. The one thing that it will
give us that will impact us the most is improve performance of many of the things that we buy and
use every day. It will widen our perspective on life. Nanotechnology is defined as "Research and
technology development at the atomic, molecular or macromolecular levels, in the length scale of
approximately 1 – 100 nanometer range. Creating and using structures, devices and systems that
have novel properties and functions because of their small and/or intermediate size. It is the ability
to control or manipulate on the atomic scale." (National Nanotechnology Initiative).
Many people still want to know who will benefit most from nanotechnology. Nanotechnology has
given us so much already and not just to the wealthy. Take a look around your house. Most of the
things that you own were created or

Ethics of Nanotechnology Essay
Ethics of Nanotechnology
Nanotechnology is actually a fairly new idea. This may not seem like any big deal in terms of
ethics, but just like any type of scientific advancement there are positives and negatives. Of course
the ethical issues don't stem out of just the fact that this is a new kind of science. It branches off of
"what will this new scientific technology be used for?" For example, Embryonic Stem Cell
research. It's not the research that's bad it's how they get the cells. There are half a dozen, maybe
more, different places to get the same type of cells without taking the life of that unborn child.
The term, Nanotechnology, was first introduced back in the mid 1970's by a Japanese researcher
named Norio Taniguchi to...show more content...
Of the $700 million in funding that the National Nanotechnology Institute (NNI) received in 2003,
less than $500,000 was spent on the study of how Nanotechnology could affect the environment.
But typical to today's culture the immediate payback doesn't come from risk studies, as it does
from how we can potentially cure diseases. When in the long run a little robot just might be able to
cause a disease. Just as much as the public wants to know the risks the scientists working on the
project have even more to lose from a fear of the unknown (Colvin).
Along with these risks will come an entire set of ethical dilemmas. So how can we set rules so that
free lance researchers or government scientists don't do something that the whole world might
regret? One of the first guidelines which was set by the Foresight Institute, founded by Drexler, and
supported by the non–profit organization Center for Responsible Nanotechnology (CRN) is
"Nanotechnology's highest and best use should be to create a world of abundance where no one
is lacking for their basic needs. Those needs include adequate food, safe water, a clean
environment, housing, medical care, education, public safety, fair labor, unrestricted travel, artistic
expression and freedom from fear and oppression" (Ethics of Nanotechnology). If we know just a
little about the life of Christ he once said that there would always be problems like this in the world,
hunger, poor, oppressed ,

Nanotechnology Case Study
Biotechnological solutions to a variety of illnesses, surgical procedures, genetic exploits and a
myriad of other things are now in the form of nanotechnology. Big pharmaceutical companies now
refer to many of their medications, in fact, as nanomedicines, which alludes to the nanotechnological
inputs in pills that improve delivery methods and even deploy nanoparticles for specific purposes on
occasion. A new study actually illustrates how attaching RNA nanoparticles that masquerade as
antibodies to microvesicles capable of delivering RNA therapeutics to cancer cells.
Scientists applied RNA nanoparticles, regulating their orientation to make microscopic, extracellular
vesicles bearing the nanoparticles–small interfering RNA (siRNA). The...show more content...
"We're working now to translate this technology into clinical applications."
Another study conducted by researchers at Tel Aviv University
–published in Nature
Communications–hones in on the inverse correlation between the expression of oncosuppressor
microRNA and a pre–established oncogene–a cancer development gene. The study says that this
explains prolonged survival of pancreatic cancer, and the findings may very well yield future
cultivation of effective drug cocktails for fighting not only multiple cancer types but also several
other mortal diseases.
Lead study author, Ronit Satchi–Fainaro, chairs the Department of Physiology and Pharmacology at
TAU, and he collaborated with Dr. Shay Eliyahu and Hadas Gibori among others on the study.
Pancreatic cancer is widely considered by experts to be one of the most aggressive cancers; most
patients last less than a year after diagnosis. "Despite all the treatments afforded by modern
medicine, some 75% of all pancreatic cancer patients die within 12 months of diagnosis, including
many who die within just a few months," according to Satchi–Fainaro. "But around seven percent of
those diagnosed will survive more than five years. We sought to examine what distinguishes the
survivors from the rest of the patients."
Satchi–Fainaro adds that his team figured they could develop new therapeutic strategies if

Nanotechnology
"Imagine a technology so powerful that it will allow such feats as desktop manufacturing, cellular
repair, artificial intelligence, inexpensive space travel, clean and abundant energy, and environmental
restoration; a technology so portable that everyone can reap its benefits; a technology so
fundamental that it will radically change our economic and political systems; a technology so
imminent that most of us will see its impact within our lifetimes. Such is the promise of
Nanotechnology." Kai Wu
What is Nanotechnology?
Early in the 20th century, Henry Ford, the founder of Ford Motor Company, built a factory on 2,000
acres of property in where huge machines, and a massive assembly line and everything needed to
build...show more content...
Nanotechnology gathers all the scientific fields of engineering, physics, chemistry, biology, and
material science and places them together and makes everything run at the quantum level, or
nano–scale level, a billionth of a meter, as the name nanotechnology might suggest. Albert Franks, an
early promoter of the applications of nanotechnology defines this technology:
"It is the area of science and technology where dimensions and tolerances in the range of 0.1 nm to
100 nm play a critical role... It encompasses precision engineering as well as electronics;
electromechanical systems as well as mainstream biomedical applications in areas as diverse as gene
therapy, drug delivery and novel dug discovery techniques."
The nano–scale is not just another step toward miniaturization, but a qualitatively new scale.
Quantum mechanics, material confinement in small structures, large interfacial volume fraction,
and other unique properties, and processes dominate the new behavior that nanotechnology will
require. Many current theories of matter at the micro scale have critical lengths of nanometer
dimensions but with nanotechnology on the rise, subjects such as quantum physics, which rely on
probabilities of certain atoms being in a certain location, will be deciphered.
As knowledge in nano–science increases worldwide, there will likely be

Nanotechnology
Jeremy Rifkin wrote, in his article Biotech Century: Playing Ecological Roulette with Mother
Natures Design, "Humans have been remaking the Earth for as long as we have had a history." Well
the path of history humans have chosen to take also affects how we remake the Earth. In Neal
Stephensons novel, The Diamond Age, one is shown how the technology of the time reshapes the
political, economical and educational aspects of history. That technology is the manipulation of
molecules into atomic–sized machines called nano–machines. Stephenson brilliantly shows how
such a powerful and truly revolutionary technology like nanotechnology could change life, as we
now know it, or they in the future know life. Nanotechnology, as...show more content...
Many today would argue that an education that was all books and no hands–on experience would be
an education wasted. And many would also argue that most individuals learn best from those that
know best– other humans with experience themselves. However, nanotechnology made it possible
for one young girl named Nell, a nobody lower class four year–old, get the education that anyone
would wish for. The reason behind the success of her educational experience with a book was
because of the nanotechnology implemented to make the book itself. This book, called the
Primer, was fully dynamic in every way possible. Every question Nell had was answered. Every
possible situation conceivable was covered. Nell did not even know how to read before she
started using the Primer, and at the end of the novel, she could understand books more advanced
than most could even read, she could solve incredibly complex problems, she had the articulation
of an orator, and the properness even a Victorian would be proud of. This same technology that Nell
possessed was past on to approximately two hundred and fifty thousand other little girls the same
age as Nell when she started. Just think of the immediate impact such a volume of well–educated
poor girls would have on the economy and politics of the time. A huge closure in the gap between the
privileged and the unprivileged in such a sudden time frame would create utter chaos, and in the
story, such an event did create utter chaos. All these

A Speech On Nanotechnology
Nanotechnology is a term of two words: the first word is "Nano" and derives from the Greek word
"Nanos" and it means "Dwarf" or something very small. The second word is "Technology" and it
means applied application of knowledge in a certain field. So nanotechnology is the technology of
very small substances, and it specializes in treating the substance on the Nano measure to produce
new, useful, and unique resultants in its properties [22–23].The Nano is a unique measuring unit and
from the physical and mathematical point of view, the Nano equals one part of a billion of the
measured unit. The nanometer (nm) equals a part of a billion part of a meter. Thus, it is 10–9 of a
meter. The Nano is used as a measuring unit for very minute particles [24–26].
In environmental field it is used...show more content...
By changing the properties of the liquid phase (e.g. concentration, temperature, pH) adsorbed
species can be released from the surface and transferred back into the liquid phase. This reverse
process is referred to as desorption. Since adsorption is a surface process, the surface area is a key
quality parameter of adsorbents.
Engineering adsorbents are typically highly porous material with surface area in the range
between 102 and 103 m2 /g. Their porosity allows realizing such large surfaces as internal surfaces
constituted by the pore walls. In contrast, the external surface is typically below 1 m2 /g and
therefore of minor relevance. As an example, the external surface of powdered activated carbon
with a particle density of 0.6 g/cm3 and a particle radius of 0.02 mm is only 0.25 m2 /g.
However, adsorption is one of the promising methods to remove the dye pollutants from aqueous
system completely. It was, therefore, thought worthwhile to develop highly efficient and effective
adsorbents for the removal of dye from the textile

Nanomaterials are at the leading edge of the rapidly developing field of nanotechnology. Their
unique size–dependent properties make these materials superior and indispensable in many areas of
human activity.
Nanotechnology (Feyman, 1991) is enabling technology that deals with nano–meter sized objects. It
is expected that nanotechnology will be developed at several levels: materials, devices and systems.
The nanomaterials level is the most advanced at present, both in scientific knowledge and in
commercial applications. A decade ago, nanoparticles were studied because of their size–dependent
physical and chemical properties (Murray et. al., 2000). Now they have entered a commercial
exploration period (Mazzola, 2003; Paull, 2003).
Living...show more content...
al., 2003)
– Tumour destruction via heating (hyperthermia) (Yoshida, 1999)
– Separation and purification of biological molecules and cells Molday and MacKenzie, 1982)
– MRI contrast enhancement (Weissleder et. al., 1990)
– Phagokinetic studies (Parak et. al., 2002) As mentioned above, the fact that nanoparticles exist
in the same size domain as proteins makes nanomaterials suitable for bio tagging or labelling.
However, size is just one of many characteristics of nanoparticles that itself is rarely sufficient if
one is to use nanoparticles as biological tags. In order to interact with biological target, a biological
or molecular coating or layer acting as a bioinorganic interface should be attached to the
nanoparticle. Examples of biological coatings may include antibodies, biopolymers like collagen
(Sinani et. al., 2003), or monolayers of small molecules that make the nanoparticles biocompatible
(Zhang et. al., 2002).
Benefits and Risks of Using Nanoparticles
Benefits
Nanotechnology has been labelled the new technology of the 21st century, comparable to the
invention of electricity. The driving force is mainly the recent discoveries that matter change
properties and behavior in the small nanoscale.
For example there has been observed size and structure dependant changes optical, electrical,
interfacial and tensional properties. Further, the reactivity, for example the catalytic activity of
nanomaterials is often superior to their larger counterparts.
By tuning the

Nanotechnology Case Study
Nanoscience is a rapidly–developing field that covers a wide–range of application in a large variety
of areas of science and technology. It is a phenomenon and manipulation of materials at atomic,
molecular and micro molecular scales, where properties differ significantly from those at a larger
scale. The subject nanotechnology deals with study of manufacturing and manipulation of matter at
nano–scale in the size range of 1–100 nm in any of the one dimension of the object which are called
as nanoparticles (Rajan, 2004). Nanoscience and nanotechnologies are widely seen as having huge
potential to bring benefits in areas of interfacing physical, chemical, medical, biological, agricultural,
environmental, and engineering sciences with myriad...show more content...
Future decade's green nanoparticles are one of the alternatives to presently ruling pesticides for
efficient management of plant pathogens/diseases.
Preparation of nano–materials and their applications were more in electronics, physics, chemistry,
medical and engineering fields but in recent years due to various innovative research activities in
scientific communities nanoscience application is getting more interest in agricultural and allied
fields including textiles, food technology and veterinary sciences. In agriculture many disciplines are
working on nanotechnology with regard to nanoformulations for plant disease and insect pest
management, nano–fertilizers, nano–micronutrients and nano–biotechnology. It has been shown that
the physical properties of the nanoparticles are different from bulk substance, made of the same
atoms due to increasing the surface area to volume ratio. The present review encompasses literature
related to synthesis, characterization and applications of green nanotechnology in plant disease
management,
Synthesis of nanoparticles
Synthesis of nanomaterials by a simple, low cost and high yield has been a great challenge since the
early development of nanoscience. The methods for designing of nanoparticles (1–100 nm) generally
involve top–down or bottom–up approach. Synthesis of nanoparticles by top down approach is
mainly size reduction from suitable substance. In top down approach, physical properties and
significant effects

Now a days, Nanotechnology is widely used in many industrial areas such as, computing,
pharmaceuticals, cosmetics, textile industries and many more. The major challenge is not only to
make these materials smaller in size in order to store or process more information but also to
optimize the synthesis process. However, the additional key point of the nanotechnology revolution
within the next decades is that it will have the capability to use the advantage of mesoscopic
properties of such Nano sized materials. These properties can strongly differ from the respective bulk
counterparts due to quantum confinement or the high surface–to–volume ratio. For example, there
will be increase in bandgap of these Nano materials for which it can be used...show more content...
As the range of the implanted ions become comparable to the size of the small structures, important
effects are taken in to account in experimental planning such as , structural changes induced by point
defects, strongly enhanced dynamic annealing and sputtering. Even though a huge number of
different nanomaterial systems can be realized with sophisticated synthesis methods, a lot of desired
nanostructures will still remain inaccessible due to chemical and physical reasons. The main reason
for that is, most of the synthesis method work close or even at thermodynamic equilibrium which is
an ideal case. For example, superconductivity at higher temperatures is hard to achieve and yet under
research. Issues like solubility limits or surface reconstructions are difficult or even impossible to
overcome during synthesis. One alternative option is the subsequent modification of prepared
nanomaterials such as Nano wires using energetic ion beam irradiation, which enables processes far
from thermodynamic equilibrium. This can result into metastable phases of the nanomaterials
/nanostructures with unusual or even exotic structural, electrical, optical or magnetic properties.
Furthermore, ion implantation is a very precise and controllable doping method widely used both in
research and semiconductor industries. It was already established in the 70s, however, mainly used
for the electrical doping

Speech On Nanotechnology
"With great power comes great responsibility," said Uncle Ben to Peter Parker. This is a quote
many of us are familiar with, but there is a ringing truth to it that some of us overlook. We human
beings have been on this planet for a very long time, and although we have shown how great our
power is through our advancements, I don't think we can say the same of our responsibility. Our
natural resources are dwindling; we're consuming things faster than the earth can replenish itself.
There's also the saying, "out with the old and in with the new." This has become a very prominent
practice amongst us. With every technological advancement and innovation, we throw away the
defunct version to make way for the newer, lighter model – contributing to the rising waste and
pollution levels (owing to the fact that many of these things are non–biodegradable, or take a long
time for it to be broken down). In our quest to make our own lives easier through novel inventions,
we paradoxically make it a little more complicated.
In light of these shortcomings, there has been an upsurge in eco–friendly materials and devices, all
in an effort to recover and save the environment. Nanotechnology, which deals with matter on an
atomic level, has played a significant role in this movement....show more content...
By being able to manipulate things on a molecular scale, materials can be made waterproof, used to
locate and identify cancer cells without taking tissue samples, and even filter smog through the
application of nanotechnology on paint. In reference to the last example, this is a very useful
environmental application, considering that pollution reduction is a very important concern for us.
Nanotechnology has also made it possible to treat and clean water as

When it comes to nanotechnology order is everything. By having the true order and orientation of
genomes, scientists are able to have a new understanding of the human DNA which is crucial in the
treatment of gene–mutating diseases. Researchers from Virginia Commonwealth University led by
physicist Jason Reed, Ph.D., are on course to transforming the way biologists diagnose and discover
disease–causing mutations after developing a new nanomapping tech.
In a study published in Nature Communications journal, this team of scientists has been able to map
DNA while also processing the genome at a faster rate. They achieved this by combining high–speed
atomic force microscopy (AFM) with a barcoding technique using a CRISPR–based chemical. What's
...show more content...
The limitation on this traditional AFM is that it is too slow to be used in medical applications.
According to Reed, their device works the same as the traditional AFM only that the interaction
between the stylus and the molecules to be studied is at a greater velocity because they use optical
instruments to detect it. "We can achieve the same level of detail as traditional AFM but can process
the material more than a thousand times faster," claims Reed.
After overcoming the hurdle of increasing the AFM's speed, the researcher needed to come up with a
way that would help them identify genetic mutations in DNA that was read. To do this, they
developed a chemical barcoding solution using CRISPR tech which enabled them to place markers
on the DNA molecules hence allowing them to identify patterns and irregularities.
CRISPR Technology
CRISPR has been a breakthrough technology in the past few years. It is used for gene editing and
involves scientists programming an enzyme using targeting RNA that allows them to cut DNA at
specific locations where there is mutation then allowing the cells to repair it naturally. For this
research, they wanted the CRISPR enzyme to only stick to the DNA without actually cutting it.
Therefore, they altered the enzyme's chemical reaction condition allowing it to be used for barcoding
application.
With an unusually high number of bacteria growing resistant to most

Nanotechnology's Promise for Medicine

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Nanotechnology's Promise for Medicine