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DATA WORK
BRIDGING DATA JOURNALISM

& DIGITAL SOCIAL RESEARCH
LILIANA BOUNEGRU
(@BB_LILIANA)
University of Groningen / Ghent
lilianabounegru.org
JONATHAN GRAY
(@JWYG)
University of Bath
jonathangray.org
DATA WORK IN JOURNALISM

AND SOCIAL RESEARCH
AREAS AND FORMATS

OF COLLABORATION
Data Work: Bridging Data Journalism and Digital Social Research
Data Work: Bridging Data Journalism and Digital Social Research
Data Work: Bridging Data Journalism and Digital Social Research
LILIANA JONATHAN
DIGITAL RESEARCH
DATA JOURNALISM
.org
.com
.eu
.net
.fr
.edu
.dk
size
=
weighted degree
OPEN BUDGET DATA
WEBSITES INTERLINK
ANALYSIS
/ degree > 5; edge weight > 5
tracker.publishwhatyoufund.org
usaid.gov
wbi.worldbank.org
web.worldbank.org
worldbank.org
wri.org
makingallvoicescount.org
internationalbudget.org
iatistandard.org
foiadvocates.net
fiscaltransparency.net
developmentcheck.org
datauy.org
data.worldbank.org
blogs.worldbank.org
blog-pfm.imf.org
ati.publishwhatyoufund.org
article19.org
aidtransparency.net
aiddata.org
access-info.org
whitehouse.gov
weforum.org
twitter.com
twaweza.org
transparency.org
transparency-initiative.org
sida.se
right2info.org
republiquecitoyenne.fr
opensocietyfoundations.org
opendemocracy.org.za
open-contracting.org
one.org
okfn.org
oecd.org
odi.org
observingbrazil.com
law-democracy.org
interaction.org
imf.org
iatiregistry.org
hewlett.org
gavi.org
gatesfoundation.org
freedominfo.org
fatf-gafi.org
ec.europa.eu
dfid.gov.uk
cgdev.org
tisne.org
sunlightfoundation.com
soros.org
rti-rating.org
publishwhatyoufund.org
pefa.org
openingparliament.org
opengovpartnership.org
opengovguide.com
ogphub.org
cabri-sbo.org afdb.org
accessinitiative.org
Building bridges between the worlds of

data journalism and digital research?
Data Work: Bridging Data Journalism and Digital Social Research
Data Journalism MOOC, European Journalism Centre.
Data Work: Bridging Data Journalism and Digital Social Research
I. There are similarities between data work in
data journalism and digital research.
Discussion with Bruno Latour about the use of digital methods for data journalism.

Tow Center for Digital Journalism, Columbia University, September 2014.
TCAT
Issue Crawler60+ tools from the Digital Methods Initiative, 

the médialab at Sciences Po and Density Design.
http://tools.digitalmethods.net
http://tools.medialab.sciences-po.fr
Adapting digital methods tools for journalism?
II. Data tools are attuned to different
ways of knowing and ways of working.
III. There are many different
types of “data work”.
Types of data work in the
social sciences and humanities
Computational
Social Science
Cultural
Analytics
Culturomics
AltMetrics
Digital
Methods
Tracking Ecologies (2015). https://wiki.digitalmethods.net/Dmi/SummerSchool2015TrackingEcologies
Types of data work in journalism
The programmer-
journalists
The computer-assisted
reporters
The data journalists
Computer
Assisted
Reporting
Programmer
Journalists
Data
Journalists
NOTES
Total spending, 2010/2011
£691.67bn
+0.34%change after
inflation on 2009/10
SOURCES: GUARDIAN DATA RESEARCH, DEPARTMENTAL RESOURCE
ACCOUNTS, INSTITUTE FOR FISCAL STUDIES, PUBLIC EXPENDITURE
STATISTICAL ANALYSES (PESA)
RESEARCH: SIMON ROGERS, AMI SEDGHI, GEMMA TETLOW
GRAPHIC: JENNY RIDLEY, MICHAEL ROBINSON
Public spending by the UK's central government departments, 2010-2011
Cabinet Office
£0.570bn -7.47%
National school of government (NSG) £0.023bn
House of Commons
£0.164bn
Independent Parliamentary
Standards Authority[8] £0.126bn
New department
Office of communications (Ofcom) [7]
from government funding
(rest from licence fees)
£0.122bn -13.1%
UK trade & investment
(UKTI) £0.085bn -12.5%
House of Lords
£0.077bn -22.3%
National Audit Office
£0.069bn +7.9%
Office of fair trading (OFT)
£0.058bn -9.2%
Revenue & customs
Prosecutions office (RCPO)
£0.046bn -1.1%
Serious fraud office (SFO) £0.036bn -12.5%
Charity commission for England and Wales £0.030bn -4.6%
Office of rail regulation (ORR) £0.028bn -11.0%
Electoral commission £0.022bn -2.2%
Government actuary's department (GAD) £0.019bn +17.4%
Postal services commission
(Postcomm) £0.0082bn -2.1%
Attorney general's office (see also LSLO) £0.0049bn -8.7%
HM crown prosecution service
inspectorate £0.0034bn -27.7%
The figures give a picture of major expenditure but exclude local
government spending not controlled by central government. We don't
have room to show everything — some programmes are just too small to
go here, but this gives a flavour of where your tax pounds go. It also
excludes government departments that are predominantly financed
bytheir income, such as the Crown Estate or the Export Credits Guarantee
Department. The totals here add up to more than the total budget,
because some of the smaller government departments are funded via the
larger ones, such as the Parliamentary Counsel Office, funded via the
Cabinet Office.
ALL % CHANGES TAKE ACCOUNT OF INFLATION
[1] Interest paid on the public debt.
[2] Treasury spending in 2008-09 and 2009-10 was dominated by the
impact of interventions in the financial sector — the figure shown here is
gross spending. In fact, in 2010-11 the net effect of financial stability
activities was to yield income to the Treasury. Loans to financial
institutions were repaid to the Treasury in 2010-11 and there was no
further purchase of shares and other assets in the year — so we have
shown the core department spending separately. The increase is due to
the provision for Equitable Life.
[3] The Rural Payments Agency distributes CAP payments — covered by
transfers from EU so do not show up as net spending here.
[4] Benefit spending excludes child benefit, guardians' allowance,
widows’ pensions, statutory paternity pay, statutory
adoption pay — these paid by HMRC, MoD, DBERR respectively.
[5] Excludes spending on family health services. GP running cost
includes salaries, hospitality budgets, home and overseas
accommodation costs.
[6] Totals absent from MoD annual report and supplied separately to
other figures by the department.
[7] The amount of government funding from BIS and DCMS, rest from
licence fees from broadcasters and media organisations.
[8] MPs’ expenses now administered by the Independent Parliamentary
Standards Authority (IPSA).
[9] This includes increase of £5bn in est. liabilities for the UK’s nuclear
legacy over the 100 years. It is NOT allocated for spending in one year.
Excl. this DECC’s total expenditure for 2010/11 is therefore £3.16bn with
£1.7bn of that allocated to the Nuclear Decommissioning Authority
Main pension schemes are forecasts for 2010-11
Debt interest [1]
£43.90bn
+36.2%
Child trust fund
£0.23bn
-28.12%
Tax credits
£28.09bn
+23.08%
Child
benefit
£12.05 bn
-1.9%
HM Revenue
& Customs [8]
£45.78bn
-1.09%
Social justice &
Local government
Environment, sustainability
& housing £0.794bn +5.8%
Rural
affairs
£0.134bn
-14.7%
Heritage
£0.183bn -3.8%
Health & social
services
Children, education,
lifelong learning & skills
£2.19bn +0.8%
Economy & transport
£1.05bn -40.0%
£6.61bn
+5.21%
£4.47bn
-1.73%
£15.87bn
-3.92%
Devolved
spending
Wales
Wales Office (WO)
£0.0050bn -12.1%
£18.76bn
+3.2%
£14.09bn
+11.5%
Higher &
further education
Universities
Further
education
£24.04bn
-11.52%
Department
for Business,
Innovation and
Skills
£4.67bn
-15.8%£3.0bn
-5.4%
£5.86bn
-5.0%
Science
Innovation & enterprise
£1.36bn -16.1%
Free & fair markets
£0.72bn -7.6%
Professional support
£0.38bn -2.2%
Research
councils
Roads
Rail
London £2.77bn+1.3%
Local authority
£1.17bn +0.5%
Supported capital expenditure
(Revenue) £0.975bn +5.0%
Buses £0.771bn -1.8%
Olympics £0.236bn +12.9%
Crossrail £0.220bn
Admin £0.188bn -5.6%
DVLA trading fund £0.187bn -20.4%
Coastguard £0.132bn -11.1%
Aviation, maritime, security & safety £0.129bn -39.7%
Sustainable travel £0.115bn -19.1%
Science, research & support functions £0.042bn -60.2%
Renewable fuels agency £0.001bn +4.0%£12.32bn
-18.3%
Department for Transport
£3.79bn
-18.2%
£2.93bn
-41.1%
UK border agency
£1.70bn -3.4%
Police pensions
£1.44bn -7.2%
Office for security &
counter-terrorism
£0.808bn -3.7%
AME charges £0.399bn +367.2%
Central services £0.204bn -22.6% Area-based grants £0.071bn -14.5%
European solidarity mechanism £0.022bn
Government equalities office £0.012bn -19.4%
Identity & passport service £0.005bn -94.7%
National fraud authority £0.004bn -1.0%
£10.45bn
+-7.69%
Home Office
Crime &
policing
Criminal records bureau £0.001bn +116.5%
£5.6bn
-3.2%
£37.8bn
-7.51%
Neighbourhoods Localism
London
governance
£0.048bn -2.8%
£6.0bn
-38.5%
£25.9bn
-2.5%
Spending by local
& regional government
£3.0bn
+90.8%
Foreign and
Commonwealth Office
£2.25bn -3.0% [6]
Admin & embassies
£1.09bn -3.9%
Peacekeeping grants
£0.408bn +10.7%
UN & other international
organisations £0.294bn -0.2%
BBC World Service £0.265bn -4.3%
British Council £0.189bn -8.7%
Conflict prevention programme
Grants £0.106bn -6.4%
Non-departmental bodies £0.006bn -2.9%
Scotland Office (SO)
£0.0078bn -5.9%
Health &
wellbeing
Local
Government
Finance and
sustainable
growth
Education & lifelong
learning
£2.88bn +0.2%
Scottish teachers' & NHS
pension schemes
£2.52bn -9.2%
Justice £1.95bn +2.6%
Rural affairs & the
Environment £0.517bn -8.1%
Office of the first minister
£0.267bn -2.1%
Admin £0.264bn -6.0%
Crown office and procurator fiscal £0.120bn -2.1%
Scottish parliament corporate body £0.102bn -4.2%
Scottish courts service £0.098bn
Forestry commission (Scotland) £0.096bn -0.2%
£34.88bn
+2.95%
Devolved
spending
Scotland
£12.29bn
+14.4%
£10.52bn
-0.8%
£3.20bn
-8.5%
War pensions
£0.935bn -7.3%
Army
Royal
Navy
Royal
Air
Force
Chief, joint ops
£0.047bn -89.9%
Operations &
peace-keeping
Afghanistan
Iraq
£0.095bn -73.1%
Libya
£0.022bn
Equipment
& support
Central
command
Admin
£2.03bn -8.1%
£22.77bn
+31.7%
£7.29bn
+6.7%
£2.84bn
-1.9%
£2.89bn
+4.7%£3.77bn
-4.1%
£2.31bn
+0.7%
Defence
estates
£4.66bn
+25.0%
£2.63bn
-6.2%
Ministry of
Defence [6]
£39.46bn
-1.95%
Devolved spending
Northern Ireland
£9.05bn
-2.01%
£4.5bn
-1.1%
£2.1bn
-5.1%
Education
Regional development
£1.07bn +30.9%
Employment and learning
£0.837bn -0.02%
Social development
£0.791bn +1.5%
Environment £0.312bn +100.3%Enterprise, trade & investment
£0.273bn -7.8%
Finance and personnel
£0.198bn +5.8%
Culture, arts and leisure £0.173bn -8.6%
Office of the first minister & deputy first minister
£0.090bn -11.1%
Northern Ireland Assembly £0.052bn +15.6%
Agriculture & rural development £0.051bn -79.9%
Other departments £0.022bn -0.6%
Northern Ireland Office (NIO)
£0.039bn +0.9%
Northern Ireland human rights
Commission £0.0016bn -4.0%
Prisons & probation (National
Offender Management Service)Criminal legal aid £1.22bn +7.8%
HM Courts Service £0.999bn +25.3%
Civil legal aid £0.921bn -6.8%
Policy, corporate services &
Associated offices £0.917bn +51.1%
Youth justice board £0.467bn -6.2%
Criminal injuries compensation authority
£0.426bn +312.5%
Tribunals service
£0.279bn -9.8%
Top judicial salaries
£0.143bn -3.6%
Legal services commission administration
£0.136bn -0.1%
Central funds £0.078bn -14.3%
HM courts & tribunals service
£0.012bn -93.8%
Parole board £0.010bn +11.7%
Ministry of Justice
£9.46bn
+1.0%
£4.22bn
-11.0%
Health protection agency
£0.177bn -25.1%
Department
of Health
£105.60bn
+0.28%
NHS
£87.61bn
+1.29%
[5]
Secondary
health care
(hospitals etc)
Primary
healthcare
GP
servicesPrescriptions
Dental
Opthalmic
£0.48bn
-0.7%
Pharmacy
£1.98bn-3.1%
Learning
difficulties
Mental
illness
Maternity
General & acute
A & E
Community
health
Other
contractual
£8.29bn
+1.3%
£7.68bn
-1.6%
£21.37bn
-0.54%
£66.10bn
+2.08%
£38.91bn
+1.9%
£2.58bn
+0.5%
£3.06bn
+6.6%
£8.37bn
+0.7%
£8.41bn
+2.5%
£2.53bn
+2.2%
£2.22bn
+5.3%
£2.82bn
+0.18%
Schools
Department
for
Education
£52.81bn
+1.12%
£58.34bn
-0.24%
Office for standards
In education (Ofsted)
£0.182bn -12.5%
£5.86bn
-13.2 %
£6.03bn
+2.3%
Department for Work
& Pensions [4]
£160.68bn
+0.21%
Benefit spending
in Great Britain
£152.35bn
+0.60%
State pensions
Pension
credit
Income
support
Incapacity benefit &
employment &
support allowance
Other
Council
tax benefit
Jobseeker's
allowance
Winter fuel
payments
Statutory maternity pay
£1.99bn -3.1%
£21.61bn
+5.0%
£17.17bn
+0.7%
£8.18bn
-2.3%
£7.78bn
-9.8%
£7.76bn
+12.7%
£5.86bn
-9.9%
£4.97bn
+2.8%
£4.50bn
-6.8%
£2.75bn
-2.3%
£69.78bn
+1.31%
Disability
living allowance
& attendance
allowance
Housing
benefit
Department for Environment, Food & Rural Affairs [3]
Food standards agency
£0.072bn -41.7%
Water services regulation authority
(Ofwat) £0.017bn -3.4%
Environmental risk and emergencies
£1.021bn -4.6%
Environment agency
£0.832bn +4.2%
Environment £0.865bn -16.3%
Natural England £0.213bn -20.6%
Department £0.267bn -15.9%
Rural payments agency £0.228bn -40.8%
Sustainable consumption & production £0.122bn -40.8%
Farming £0.093bn -12.2%
Rural communities £0.073bn -10.4%
Forestry commission £0.045bn -11.0%
Marine management organisation
£0.032bn +0.9%
Royal botanic gardens, Kew £0.025bn -16.8%
Climate change £0.018bn -23.2%
Sustainable development £0.008bn +2.9%
Food supply £0.003bn -31.2%
£2.69bn
-15.22%
Nuclear
Decommissioning
Authority
Low carbon UK £0.623bn -29.2%
Promoting low carbon technologies
in developing countries £0.279bn +159.5%
Professional support & infrastructure
£0.118bn -7.6%
Historic energy liabilities £0.104bn -106.8%
Energy £0.087bn +3.3%
Coal authority £0.071bn +87.0%
International agreement on
climate change £0.005bn +22.4%
Committee on climate
change £0.004bn +12.2%
£6.93bn
+81.1%
Department of Energy &
Climate Change[9]
See note
£8.06bn
+146.0%
Department for
International Development
Country
programmes
Africa
£1.87bn +10.1%
Sub-Saharan Africa
£1.76bn +11.1%
Americas £0.073bn +8.9%
Asia £1.09bn -2.5%
Europe £0.018bn -16.8%
Pacific £0.003bn +19.6%
Commonwealth &
overseas territories
£1.65bn +14.8%
Overseas territories
£0.059bn +14.7%
World Bank
£0.927bn +60.8%
Debt relief
£0.066bn +24.0% European Commission
£1.27bn +3.8%United Nations
£0.355bn +59.5%
£7.69bn
+12.65%
£3.18bn
-22.1%
Equitable Life payment scheme
£1.49bn
BoE dividend £0.063bn
DMO £0.001bn -2.9%Other functions £0.011bn -2.9%
Banking & gilts registration services £0.011bn -11.0%
UK debt management office (DMO) £0.015bn -9.0%
Coinage £0.034bn +17.9%
Core treasury & group shared services £0.176bn -14.5%
Her Majesty’s Treasury [2]
£1.678bn +870.0%
Department of
Communities
and Local
Government
National savings and investments
£0.162bn -1.1%
Office for Budget Responsibility
£0.0017bn New department
Financial stability
/financial
institutions
£13.79bn
Money in
Money in
Constitution group £0.006bn -34.4%
Security and intelligence services
£1.909bn +1.3%
Cabinet Office £0.206bn +2.3%
Office for civil society £0.192bn -17.6%
General election funding £0.102bn +4.1%
Executive non-departmental bodies £0.030bn -22.7%
Directgov £0.023bn -15.7%
Cabinet Office service concession - DEL £0.011bn +160.2%
Cabinet Office utilisation of provisions £0.003bn +1.5%
Members of the European parliament (MEP) £0.002bn -54.8%
Executive NDPBs (net) £0.002bn -39.9%
Independent offices - civil service commissioners £0.001bn -29.5%
BBC
Lottery grants
Museums & galleries £0.427bn -2.6%
Tate gallery £0.055bn-5.1%
Natural history museum
£0.049bn-7.8%
British museum £0.046bn-6.9%
Victoria & Albert museum
£0.044bn-3.8%
NM Liverpool £0.024bn-1.9%
Olympics
£0.362bn
-12.7 %
Sport £0.193bn-13.4%
Sport England £0.121bn-12.3%
Broadcasting and media £0.151bn+0.9%
S4C £0.100bn-4.5%
Libraries sponsored bodies £0.133bn-3.9%
British library £0.106bn-6.1%
Tourism £0.042bn-14.1%
Ceremonial & heritage £0.025bn+25.0%
Royal parks £0.019bn -11.5%
Department for Culture
Media & Sport
£7.02bn
-0.7%
Arts £0.455bn-1.57%
Arts council £0.438bn-6.0%
£2.96bn
-8.7%
£1.81bn
+0.4%
Principal civil
service pension
scheme
Sure Start (including
childcare & nursery funding)
£2.12bn+10.3%
£7.5bn
£5.1bn
£3.6bn
Teachers'
pension
scheme
£6.9bn
NHS
pension
scheme
Armed forces
pension scheme
£1bn
Northern Ireland executive
pension schemes
Judicial pension scheme
£0.1bn
Investment in
school buildings
Academies
£2.08bn+58.8%
School meals
£0.006bn-55.2%
Free schools
£0.006bn
Learning and skills council
(excluding sixth form funding)
Sixth forms (through
Learning and skills council)
£2.18bn-4.0%
Early years
£2.14bn+9.0%
Admin
£0.25bn
-28.5%
Education, standards,
curriculum & qualifications
£0.63bn-24.5%
Workforce training & development
£1.04bn-6.6%
Children & families
£2.0bn-31.3%
UK atomic energy
authority pension scheme
£0.2bn
Computational
Journalists
IV. There are different ways of
valorising and evaluating data.
V. Different forms of data work
require different kinds of tools.
Text Mining
Scientometrics
Web Mining
Network Analysis
Information Visualisation
Médialab tools
Other tools
Legend
Textométrie|Txm Dexter
Anta
ISI|Web Of Science
Elsevier|Scopus
Sciencescape
Linkfluence|Linkscape
Dmi|Issuecrawler
Google|Insights
Hyphe
Dmi|Lippmannian Device
Insight Grabber
Google|Refine
Adobe|Illustrator &
Scriptographer
Match Tables
Spreadsheet
Table2Net
Gephi
Manylines
Heatgraph
Ibm|Many Eyes
Density Design|Raw
Density Design|Fineo
R - Project
D3.js
DOCS
LIST
WORDS
LIST
URLS
LIST
DYNAMIC
IMAGE
STATIC
IMAGEDOCS
NETWORK
WORDS
NETWORK
URLS
NETWORK
WORDS
TABLE
URLS
TABLE
DOCS
TABLE
LISTS > TABLES > NETWORKS > IMAGES
california-civic-data-coalition/django-calaccess-raw-data
unitedstates/congress-legislators
sunlightlabs/openstates
wireservice/ffs
openelections/dashboard
newsapps/django-boundaryservice openaddresses/openaddresses
postcss/postcss
unitedstates/congress
dc-js/dc.js
18f/web-design-standards
mail-in-a-box/mailinabox
intridea/hashie
feross/webtorrent
openelections/openelections-core
ireapps/first-news-app
newsdev/elex
caesar0301/awesome-public-datasets
ireapps/census
caolan/highland
tabulapdf/tabula
opencivicdata/docs.opencivicdata.org
opennews/srccon-datadatadesk/python-googlegeocoder
prosemirror/prosemirror
efforg/https-everywhere
quartz/bad-data-guide
ryanpitts/journalists-guide-datasets
dwillis/hulse
propublica/table-setter
shazow/urllib3
leaverou/bliss
wireservice/lookup
ascheink/nytimes-style
propublica/campaign_cash
california-civic-data-coalition/django-calaccess-campaign-browser
theupshot/statement
nytimes/fech
datamade/data-making-guidelineswireservice/agate-excel
marak/faker.js
facebook/relay
jamesturk/scrapelib
propublica/timeline-setter
duckduckgo/duckduckgo
nprapps/dailygraphics
sunlightlabs/opencongress
18f/analytics-reporter
tldr-pages/tldr
sunlightlabs/scout
datadesk/latimes-table-stacker
netflix/falcor
L. Bounegru & T. Venturini (forthcoming). “GitHub Journalism: Mapping Code
Ecologies for the Valorisation of Data on GitHub”
VI. A single tool can be used in
different ways in different contexts.
Text Mining
Scientometrics
Web Mining
Network Analysis
Information Visualisation
Médialab tools
Other tools
Legend
Textométrie|Txm Dexter
Anta
ISI|Web Of Science
Elsevier|Scopus
Sciencescape
Linkfluence|Linkscape
Dmi|Issuecrawler
Google|Insights
Hyphe
Dmi|Lippmannian Device
Insight Grabber
Google|Refine
Adobe|Illustrator &
Scriptographer
Match Tables
Spreadsheet
Table2Net
Gephi
Manylines
Heatgraph
Ibm|Many Eyes
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Data Work: Bridging Data Journalism and Digital Social Research
Collaboration beyond swapping tools?
DATA WORK IN JOURNALISM

AND SOCIAL RESEARCH
AREAS AND FORMATS

OF COLLABORATION
I. Shaping the future of big data.
Data Work: Bridging Data Journalism and Digital Social Research
Data Work: Bridging Data Journalism and Digital Social Research
Data Work: Bridging Data Journalism and Digital Social Research
Data Work: Bridging Data Journalism and Digital Social Research
II. Creating “just good enough” data.
Data Work: Bridging Data Journalism and Digital Social Research
Data Work: Bridging Data Journalism and Digital Social Research
Data Work: Bridging Data Journalism and Digital Social Research
ANGING
HAT
UNTS
CHANGING
WHAT
COUNTS
HOW CAN CITIZEN-GENERATED AND CIVIL
SOCIETY DATA BE USED AS AN ADVOCACY TOOL
TO CHANGE OFFICIAL DATA COLLECTION?
Jonathan Gray
Danny Lämmerhirt
Liliana Bounegru
III. Aligning data work with
broader societal concerns
IV. Archiving data projects.
Data Work: Bridging Data Journalism and Digital Social Research
Data Work: Bridging Data Journalism and Digital Social Research
V. Expanding visual imagination.
Data Work: Bridging Data Journalism and Digital Social Research
Data Work: Bridging Data Journalism and Digital Social Research
VI. Learning and collaborating
through “data sprints”.
Data Work: Bridging Data Journalism and Digital Social Research
“The critic is not the one who debunks, but the one
who assembles. The critic is not the one who lifts the
rugs from under the feet of the naïve believers, but
the one who offers the participants arenas in which to
gather” (Bruno Latour, 2004: 246).
Digital Methods Winter School 2017
The Infrastructural Fabric of
the Post-Truth Moment
Mapping Political Mobilisations
Around the 2016 US Presidential
Elections on Digital Media
Data Work: Bridging Data Journalism and Digital Social Research
Data Work: Bridging Data Journalism and Digital Social Research
Data Work: Bridging Data Journalism and Digital Social Research
Data Work: Bridging Data Journalism and Digital Social Research
Data Work: Bridging Data Journalism and Digital Social Research
Co-producing and co-designing tools,
methods and data projects?
Future data sprints with journalists
and digital researchers.
AREAS AND FORMATS OF COLLABORATION
I. Shaping the future of big data.
II. Creating “just good enough” data.



III. Aligning data work with broader societal concerns



IV. Archiving data projects.
V. Expanding visual imagination.



VI. Learning and collaborating through “data sprints”.
DATA WORK IN JOURNALISM AND SOCIAL RESEARCH
I. There are similarities between data work in data journalism and digital research.
II. Data tools are attuned to different ways of knowing and ways of working.
III. There are many different types of “data work”.
IV. There are different ways of valorising and evaluating data.
V. Different forms of data work require different kinds of tools.
VI. A single tool can be used in different ways in different contexts.

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Data Work: Bridging Data Journalism and Digital Social Research

  • 1. DATA WORK BRIDGING DATA JOURNALISM
 & DIGITAL SOCIAL RESEARCH LILIANA BOUNEGRU (@BB_LILIANA) University of Groningen / Ghent lilianabounegru.org JONATHAN GRAY (@JWYG) University of Bath jonathangray.org
  • 2. DATA WORK IN JOURNALISM
 AND SOCIAL RESEARCH AREAS AND FORMATS
 OF COLLABORATION
  • 6. LILIANA JONATHAN DIGITAL RESEARCH DATA JOURNALISM .org .com .eu .net .fr .edu .dk size = weighted degree OPEN BUDGET DATA WEBSITES INTERLINK ANALYSIS / degree > 5; edge weight > 5 tracker.publishwhatyoufund.org usaid.gov wbi.worldbank.org web.worldbank.org worldbank.org wri.org makingallvoicescount.org internationalbudget.org iatistandard.org foiadvocates.net fiscaltransparency.net developmentcheck.org datauy.org data.worldbank.org blogs.worldbank.org blog-pfm.imf.org ati.publishwhatyoufund.org article19.org aidtransparency.net aiddata.org access-info.org whitehouse.gov weforum.org twitter.com twaweza.org transparency.org transparency-initiative.org sida.se right2info.org republiquecitoyenne.fr opensocietyfoundations.org opendemocracy.org.za open-contracting.org one.org okfn.org oecd.org odi.org observingbrazil.com law-democracy.org interaction.org imf.org iatiregistry.org hewlett.org gavi.org gatesfoundation.org freedominfo.org fatf-gafi.org ec.europa.eu dfid.gov.uk cgdev.org tisne.org sunlightfoundation.com soros.org rti-rating.org publishwhatyoufund.org pefa.org openingparliament.org opengovpartnership.org opengovguide.com ogphub.org cabri-sbo.org afdb.org accessinitiative.org
  • 7. Building bridges between the worlds of
 data journalism and digital research?
  • 9. Data Journalism MOOC, European Journalism Centre.
  • 11. I. There are similarities between data work in data journalism and digital research.
  • 12. Discussion with Bruno Latour about the use of digital methods for data journalism.
 Tow Center for Digital Journalism, Columbia University, September 2014.
  • 13. TCAT Issue Crawler60+ tools from the Digital Methods Initiative, 
 the médialab at Sciences Po and Density Design. http://tools.digitalmethods.net http://tools.medialab.sciences-po.fr
  • 14. Adapting digital methods tools for journalism?
  • 15. II. Data tools are attuned to different ways of knowing and ways of working.
  • 16. III. There are many different types of “data work”.
  • 17. Types of data work in the social sciences and humanities
  • 23. Tracking Ecologies (2015). https://wiki.digitalmethods.net/Dmi/SummerSchool2015TrackingEcologies
  • 24. Types of data work in journalism
  • 28. Data Journalists NOTES Total spending, 2010/2011 £691.67bn +0.34%change after inflation on 2009/10 SOURCES: GUARDIAN DATA RESEARCH, DEPARTMENTAL RESOURCE ACCOUNTS, INSTITUTE FOR FISCAL STUDIES, PUBLIC EXPENDITURE STATISTICAL ANALYSES (PESA) RESEARCH: SIMON ROGERS, AMI SEDGHI, GEMMA TETLOW GRAPHIC: JENNY RIDLEY, MICHAEL ROBINSON Public spending by the UK's central government departments, 2010-2011 Cabinet Office £0.570bn -7.47% National school of government (NSG) £0.023bn House of Commons £0.164bn Independent Parliamentary Standards Authority[8] £0.126bn New department Office of communications (Ofcom) [7] from government funding (rest from licence fees) £0.122bn -13.1% UK trade & investment (UKTI) £0.085bn -12.5% House of Lords £0.077bn -22.3% National Audit Office £0.069bn +7.9% Office of fair trading (OFT) £0.058bn -9.2% Revenue & customs Prosecutions office (RCPO) £0.046bn -1.1% Serious fraud office (SFO) £0.036bn -12.5% Charity commission for England and Wales £0.030bn -4.6% Office of rail regulation (ORR) £0.028bn -11.0% Electoral commission £0.022bn -2.2% Government actuary's department (GAD) £0.019bn +17.4% Postal services commission (Postcomm) £0.0082bn -2.1% Attorney general's office (see also LSLO) £0.0049bn -8.7% HM crown prosecution service inspectorate £0.0034bn -27.7% The figures give a picture of major expenditure but exclude local government spending not controlled by central government. We don't have room to show everything — some programmes are just too small to go here, but this gives a flavour of where your tax pounds go. It also excludes government departments that are predominantly financed bytheir income, such as the Crown Estate or the Export Credits Guarantee Department. The totals here add up to more than the total budget, because some of the smaller government departments are funded via the larger ones, such as the Parliamentary Counsel Office, funded via the Cabinet Office. ALL % CHANGES TAKE ACCOUNT OF INFLATION [1] Interest paid on the public debt. [2] Treasury spending in 2008-09 and 2009-10 was dominated by the impact of interventions in the financial sector — the figure shown here is gross spending. In fact, in 2010-11 the net effect of financial stability activities was to yield income to the Treasury. Loans to financial institutions were repaid to the Treasury in 2010-11 and there was no further purchase of shares and other assets in the year — so we have shown the core department spending separately. The increase is due to the provision for Equitable Life. [3] The Rural Payments Agency distributes CAP payments — covered by transfers from EU so do not show up as net spending here. [4] Benefit spending excludes child benefit, guardians' allowance, widows’ pensions, statutory paternity pay, statutory adoption pay — these paid by HMRC, MoD, DBERR respectively. [5] Excludes spending on family health services. GP running cost includes salaries, hospitality budgets, home and overseas accommodation costs. [6] Totals absent from MoD annual report and supplied separately to other figures by the department. [7] The amount of government funding from BIS and DCMS, rest from licence fees from broadcasters and media organisations. [8] MPs’ expenses now administered by the Independent Parliamentary Standards Authority (IPSA). [9] This includes increase of £5bn in est. liabilities for the UK’s nuclear legacy over the 100 years. It is NOT allocated for spending in one year. Excl. this DECC’s total expenditure for 2010/11 is therefore £3.16bn with £1.7bn of that allocated to the Nuclear Decommissioning Authority Main pension schemes are forecasts for 2010-11 Debt interest [1] £43.90bn +36.2% Child trust fund £0.23bn -28.12% Tax credits £28.09bn +23.08% Child benefit £12.05 bn -1.9% HM Revenue & Customs [8] £45.78bn -1.09% Social justice & Local government Environment, sustainability & housing £0.794bn +5.8% Rural affairs £0.134bn -14.7% Heritage £0.183bn -3.8% Health & social services Children, education, lifelong learning & skills £2.19bn +0.8% Economy & transport £1.05bn -40.0% £6.61bn +5.21% £4.47bn -1.73% £15.87bn -3.92% Devolved spending Wales Wales Office (WO) £0.0050bn -12.1% £18.76bn +3.2% £14.09bn +11.5% Higher & further education Universities Further education £24.04bn -11.52% Department for Business, Innovation and Skills £4.67bn -15.8%£3.0bn -5.4% £5.86bn -5.0% Science Innovation & enterprise £1.36bn -16.1% Free & fair markets £0.72bn -7.6% Professional support £0.38bn -2.2% Research councils Roads Rail London £2.77bn+1.3% Local authority £1.17bn +0.5% Supported capital expenditure (Revenue) £0.975bn +5.0% Buses £0.771bn -1.8% Olympics £0.236bn +12.9% Crossrail £0.220bn Admin £0.188bn -5.6% DVLA trading fund £0.187bn -20.4% Coastguard £0.132bn -11.1% Aviation, maritime, security & safety £0.129bn -39.7% Sustainable travel £0.115bn -19.1% Science, research & support functions £0.042bn -60.2% Renewable fuels agency £0.001bn +4.0%£12.32bn -18.3% Department for Transport £3.79bn -18.2% £2.93bn -41.1% UK border agency £1.70bn -3.4% Police pensions £1.44bn -7.2% Office for security & counter-terrorism £0.808bn -3.7% AME charges £0.399bn +367.2% Central services £0.204bn -22.6% Area-based grants £0.071bn -14.5% European solidarity mechanism £0.022bn Government equalities office £0.012bn -19.4% Identity & passport service £0.005bn -94.7% National fraud authority £0.004bn -1.0% £10.45bn +-7.69% Home Office Crime & policing Criminal records bureau £0.001bn +116.5% £5.6bn -3.2% £37.8bn -7.51% Neighbourhoods Localism London governance £0.048bn -2.8% £6.0bn -38.5% £25.9bn -2.5% Spending by local & regional government £3.0bn +90.8% Foreign and Commonwealth Office £2.25bn -3.0% [6] Admin & embassies £1.09bn -3.9% Peacekeeping grants £0.408bn +10.7% UN & other international organisations £0.294bn -0.2% BBC World Service £0.265bn -4.3% British Council £0.189bn -8.7% Conflict prevention programme Grants £0.106bn -6.4% Non-departmental bodies £0.006bn -2.9% Scotland Office (SO) £0.0078bn -5.9% Health & wellbeing Local Government Finance and sustainable growth Education & lifelong learning £2.88bn +0.2% Scottish teachers' & NHS pension schemes £2.52bn -9.2% Justice £1.95bn +2.6% Rural affairs & the Environment £0.517bn -8.1% Office of the first minister £0.267bn -2.1% Admin £0.264bn -6.0% Crown office and procurator fiscal £0.120bn -2.1% Scottish parliament corporate body £0.102bn -4.2% Scottish courts service £0.098bn Forestry commission (Scotland) £0.096bn -0.2% £34.88bn +2.95% Devolved spending Scotland £12.29bn +14.4% £10.52bn -0.8% £3.20bn -8.5% War pensions £0.935bn -7.3% Army Royal Navy Royal Air Force Chief, joint ops £0.047bn -89.9% Operations & peace-keeping Afghanistan Iraq £0.095bn -73.1% Libya £0.022bn Equipment & support Central command Admin £2.03bn -8.1% £22.77bn +31.7% £7.29bn +6.7% £2.84bn -1.9% £2.89bn +4.7%£3.77bn -4.1% £2.31bn +0.7% Defence estates £4.66bn +25.0% £2.63bn -6.2% Ministry of Defence [6] £39.46bn -1.95% Devolved spending Northern Ireland £9.05bn -2.01% £4.5bn -1.1% £2.1bn -5.1% Education Regional development £1.07bn +30.9% Employment and learning £0.837bn -0.02% Social development £0.791bn +1.5% Environment £0.312bn +100.3%Enterprise, trade & investment £0.273bn -7.8% Finance and personnel £0.198bn +5.8% Culture, arts and leisure £0.173bn -8.6% Office of the first minister & deputy first minister £0.090bn -11.1% Northern Ireland Assembly £0.052bn +15.6% Agriculture & rural development £0.051bn -79.9% Other departments £0.022bn -0.6% Northern Ireland Office (NIO) £0.039bn +0.9% Northern Ireland human rights Commission £0.0016bn -4.0% Prisons & probation (National Offender Management Service)Criminal legal aid £1.22bn +7.8% HM Courts Service £0.999bn +25.3% Civil legal aid £0.921bn -6.8% Policy, corporate services & Associated offices £0.917bn +51.1% Youth justice board £0.467bn -6.2% Criminal injuries compensation authority £0.426bn +312.5% Tribunals service £0.279bn -9.8% Top judicial salaries £0.143bn -3.6% Legal services commission administration £0.136bn -0.1% Central funds £0.078bn -14.3% HM courts & tribunals service £0.012bn -93.8% Parole board £0.010bn +11.7% Ministry of Justice £9.46bn +1.0% £4.22bn -11.0% Health protection agency £0.177bn -25.1% Department of Health £105.60bn +0.28% NHS £87.61bn +1.29% [5] Secondary health care (hospitals etc) Primary healthcare GP servicesPrescriptions Dental Opthalmic £0.48bn -0.7% Pharmacy £1.98bn-3.1% Learning difficulties Mental illness Maternity General & acute A & E Community health Other contractual £8.29bn +1.3% £7.68bn -1.6% £21.37bn -0.54% £66.10bn +2.08% £38.91bn +1.9% £2.58bn +0.5% £3.06bn +6.6% £8.37bn +0.7% £8.41bn +2.5% £2.53bn +2.2% £2.22bn +5.3% £2.82bn +0.18% Schools Department for Education £52.81bn +1.12% £58.34bn -0.24% Office for standards In education (Ofsted) £0.182bn -12.5% £5.86bn -13.2 % £6.03bn +2.3% Department for Work & Pensions [4] £160.68bn +0.21% Benefit spending in Great Britain £152.35bn +0.60% State pensions Pension credit Income support Incapacity benefit & employment & support allowance Other Council tax benefit Jobseeker's allowance Winter fuel payments Statutory maternity pay £1.99bn -3.1% £21.61bn +5.0% £17.17bn +0.7% £8.18bn -2.3% £7.78bn -9.8% £7.76bn +12.7% £5.86bn -9.9% £4.97bn +2.8% £4.50bn -6.8% £2.75bn -2.3% £69.78bn +1.31% Disability living allowance & attendance allowance Housing benefit Department for Environment, Food & Rural Affairs [3] Food standards agency £0.072bn -41.7% Water services regulation authority (Ofwat) £0.017bn -3.4% Environmental risk and emergencies £1.021bn -4.6% Environment agency £0.832bn +4.2% Environment £0.865bn -16.3% Natural England £0.213bn -20.6% Department £0.267bn -15.9% Rural payments agency £0.228bn -40.8% Sustainable consumption & production £0.122bn -40.8% Farming £0.093bn -12.2% Rural communities £0.073bn -10.4% Forestry commission £0.045bn -11.0% Marine management organisation £0.032bn +0.9% Royal botanic gardens, Kew £0.025bn -16.8% Climate change £0.018bn -23.2% Sustainable development £0.008bn +2.9% Food supply £0.003bn -31.2% £2.69bn -15.22% Nuclear Decommissioning Authority Low carbon UK £0.623bn -29.2% Promoting low carbon technologies in developing countries £0.279bn +159.5% Professional support & infrastructure £0.118bn -7.6% Historic energy liabilities £0.104bn -106.8% Energy £0.087bn +3.3% Coal authority £0.071bn +87.0% International agreement on climate change £0.005bn +22.4% Committee on climate change £0.004bn +12.2% £6.93bn +81.1% Department of Energy & Climate Change[9] See note £8.06bn +146.0% Department for International Development Country programmes Africa £1.87bn +10.1% Sub-Saharan Africa £1.76bn +11.1% Americas £0.073bn +8.9% Asia £1.09bn -2.5% Europe £0.018bn -16.8% Pacific £0.003bn +19.6% Commonwealth & overseas territories £1.65bn +14.8% Overseas territories £0.059bn +14.7% World Bank £0.927bn +60.8% Debt relief £0.066bn +24.0% European Commission £1.27bn +3.8%United Nations £0.355bn +59.5% £7.69bn +12.65% £3.18bn -22.1% Equitable Life payment scheme £1.49bn BoE dividend £0.063bn DMO £0.001bn -2.9%Other functions £0.011bn -2.9% Banking & gilts registration services £0.011bn -11.0% UK debt management office (DMO) £0.015bn -9.0% Coinage £0.034bn +17.9% Core treasury & group shared services £0.176bn -14.5% Her Majesty’s Treasury [2] £1.678bn +870.0% Department of Communities and Local Government National savings and investments £0.162bn -1.1% Office for Budget Responsibility £0.0017bn New department Financial stability /financial institutions £13.79bn Money in Money in Constitution group £0.006bn -34.4% Security and intelligence services £1.909bn +1.3% Cabinet Office £0.206bn +2.3% Office for civil society £0.192bn -17.6% General election funding £0.102bn +4.1% Executive non-departmental bodies £0.030bn -22.7% Directgov £0.023bn -15.7% Cabinet Office service concession - DEL £0.011bn +160.2% Cabinet Office utilisation of provisions £0.003bn +1.5% Members of the European parliament (MEP) £0.002bn -54.8% Executive NDPBs (net) £0.002bn -39.9% Independent offices - civil service commissioners £0.001bn -29.5% BBC Lottery grants Museums & galleries £0.427bn -2.6% Tate gallery £0.055bn-5.1% Natural history museum £0.049bn-7.8% British museum £0.046bn-6.9% Victoria & Albert museum £0.044bn-3.8% NM Liverpool £0.024bn-1.9% Olympics £0.362bn -12.7 % Sport £0.193bn-13.4% Sport England £0.121bn-12.3% Broadcasting and media £0.151bn+0.9% S4C £0.100bn-4.5% Libraries sponsored bodies £0.133bn-3.9% British library £0.106bn-6.1% Tourism £0.042bn-14.1% Ceremonial & heritage £0.025bn+25.0% Royal parks £0.019bn -11.5% Department for Culture Media & Sport £7.02bn -0.7% Arts £0.455bn-1.57% Arts council £0.438bn-6.0% £2.96bn -8.7% £1.81bn +0.4% Principal civil service pension scheme Sure Start (including childcare & nursery funding) £2.12bn+10.3% £7.5bn £5.1bn £3.6bn Teachers' pension scheme £6.9bn NHS pension scheme Armed forces pension scheme £1bn Northern Ireland executive pension schemes Judicial pension scheme £0.1bn Investment in school buildings Academies £2.08bn+58.8% School meals £0.006bn-55.2% Free schools £0.006bn Learning and skills council (excluding sixth form funding) Sixth forms (through Learning and skills council) £2.18bn-4.0% Early years £2.14bn+9.0% Admin £0.25bn -28.5% Education, standards, curriculum & qualifications £0.63bn-24.5% Workforce training & development £1.04bn-6.6% Children & families £2.0bn-31.3% UK atomic energy authority pension scheme £0.2bn
  • 30. IV. There are different ways of valorising and evaluating data.
  • 31. V. Different forms of data work require different kinds of tools.
  • 32. Text Mining Scientometrics Web Mining Network Analysis Information Visualisation Médialab tools Other tools Legend Textométrie|Txm Dexter Anta ISI|Web Of Science Elsevier|Scopus Sciencescape Linkfluence|Linkscape Dmi|Issuecrawler Google|Insights Hyphe Dmi|Lippmannian Device Insight Grabber Google|Refine Adobe|Illustrator & Scriptographer Match Tables Spreadsheet Table2Net Gephi Manylines Heatgraph Ibm|Many Eyes Density Design|Raw Density Design|Fineo R - Project D3.js DOCS LIST WORDS LIST URLS LIST DYNAMIC IMAGE STATIC IMAGEDOCS NETWORK WORDS NETWORK URLS NETWORK WORDS TABLE URLS TABLE DOCS TABLE LISTS > TABLES > NETWORKS > IMAGES
  • 33. california-civic-data-coalition/django-calaccess-raw-data unitedstates/congress-legislators sunlightlabs/openstates wireservice/ffs openelections/dashboard newsapps/django-boundaryservice openaddresses/openaddresses postcss/postcss unitedstates/congress dc-js/dc.js 18f/web-design-standards mail-in-a-box/mailinabox intridea/hashie feross/webtorrent openelections/openelections-core ireapps/first-news-app newsdev/elex caesar0301/awesome-public-datasets ireapps/census caolan/highland tabulapdf/tabula opencivicdata/docs.opencivicdata.org opennews/srccon-datadatadesk/python-googlegeocoder prosemirror/prosemirror efforg/https-everywhere quartz/bad-data-guide ryanpitts/journalists-guide-datasets dwillis/hulse propublica/table-setter shazow/urllib3 leaverou/bliss wireservice/lookup ascheink/nytimes-style propublica/campaign_cash california-civic-data-coalition/django-calaccess-campaign-browser theupshot/statement nytimes/fech datamade/data-making-guidelineswireservice/agate-excel marak/faker.js facebook/relay jamesturk/scrapelib propublica/timeline-setter duckduckgo/duckduckgo nprapps/dailygraphics sunlightlabs/opencongress 18f/analytics-reporter tldr-pages/tldr sunlightlabs/scout datadesk/latimes-table-stacker netflix/falcor L. Bounegru & T. Venturini (forthcoming). “GitHub Journalism: Mapping Code Ecologies for the Valorisation of Data on GitHub”
  • 34. VI. A single tool can be used in different ways in different contexts.
  • 35. Text Mining Scientometrics Web Mining Network Analysis Information Visualisation Médialab tools Other tools Legend Textométrie|Txm Dexter Anta ISI|Web Of Science Elsevier|Scopus Sciencescape Linkfluence|Linkscape Dmi|Issuecrawler Google|Insights Hyphe Dmi|Lippmannian Device Insight Grabber Google|Refine Adobe|Illustrator & Scriptographer Match Tables Spreadsheet Table2Net Gephi Manylines Heatgraph Ibm|Many Eyes Density Design|Raw Density Design|Fineo R - Project D3.js DOCS LIST WORDS LIST URLS LIST DYNAMIC IMAGE STATIC IMAGEDOCS NETWORK WORDS NETWORK URLS NETWORK WORDS TABLE URLS TABLE DOCS TABLE LISTS > TABLES > NETWORKS > IMAGES
  • 38. DATA WORK IN JOURNALISM
 AND SOCIAL RESEARCH AREAS AND FORMATS
 OF COLLABORATION
  • 39. I. Shaping the future of big data.
  • 44. II. Creating “just good enough” data.
  • 48. ANGING HAT UNTS CHANGING WHAT COUNTS HOW CAN CITIZEN-GENERATED AND CIVIL SOCIETY DATA BE USED AS AN ADVOCACY TOOL TO CHANGE OFFICIAL DATA COLLECTION? Jonathan Gray Danny Lämmerhirt Liliana Bounegru
  • 49. III. Aligning data work with broader societal concerns
  • 50. IV. Archiving data projects.
  • 53. V. Expanding visual imagination.
  • 56. VI. Learning and collaborating through “data sprints”.
  • 58. “The critic is not the one who debunks, but the one who assembles. The critic is not the one who lifts the rugs from under the feet of the naïve believers, but the one who offers the participants arenas in which to gather” (Bruno Latour, 2004: 246).
  • 59. Digital Methods Winter School 2017
  • 60. The Infrastructural Fabric of the Post-Truth Moment Mapping Political Mobilisations Around the 2016 US Presidential Elections on Digital Media
  • 66. Co-producing and co-designing tools, methods and data projects?
  • 67. Future data sprints with journalists and digital researchers.
  • 68. AREAS AND FORMATS OF COLLABORATION I. Shaping the future of big data. II. Creating “just good enough” data.
 
 III. Aligning data work with broader societal concerns
 
 IV. Archiving data projects. V. Expanding visual imagination.
 
 VI. Learning and collaborating through “data sprints”. DATA WORK IN JOURNALISM AND SOCIAL RESEARCH I. There are similarities between data work in data journalism and digital research. II. Data tools are attuned to different ways of knowing and ways of working. III. There are many different types of “data work”. IV. There are different ways of valorising and evaluating data. V. Different forms of data work require different kinds of tools. VI. A single tool can be used in different ways in different contexts.