1. Christ and
Business Culture
Professor Kam-hon Lee
CUHK Business School
The Chinese University of Hong Kong

2. Research Background
Professor Kam-hon Lee 2

3. Integrity
• Sustains business
• Promotes prosperity
Professor Kam-hon Lee 3

4. Competitive pressure
• Temptation
• Malpractices
Professor Kam-hon Lee 4

5. Ethics
• Behavior
• Value conviction
Professor Kam-hon Lee 5

6. Calling
• Salt and light
• Marketplace
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7. Research Design
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8. Research subjects
• 119 executives
• Practicing Christians
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9. Critical incident
• Observable behavior
• Sufficiently complete
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10. H Richard Niebuhr Framework
T YP E 5 Christ the transformer
of business culture
TY P E 3 Christ above
business culture
TY P E 4 Christ and business culture
in paradox
T YPE 2 Christ of
business culture T YP E1 Christ against
business culture
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11. Negotiation Styles Framework
Yielding Integrating
Other Compromising
Avoiding Dominating
Self
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12. Integrated Framework
TY PE 2 Yielding
Christ of
business culture
T YP E 3 Integrating
Christ above
business culture
Other TY P E 4 Compromising
Christ and business
culture in paradox
TY P E 1 Avoiding
Christ against T YP E 5 Dominating
Christ the transformer
of business culture
business culture
Self
Professor Kam-hon Lee 12

13. Variables
• Key variable
• Response to an ethical challenge
• Other variables
• Antecedents
• Consequences
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14. Data
• 119 executives
• 539 incidents
• Coded by two co-authors
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15. Research Findings
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16. Results
• Response to an ethical challenge
• Focus on antecedents
• China business
• Christian corporate culture
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17. China business
TY PE 2 Yielding
Christ of
business culture
T YP E 3 Integrating
Christ above
business culture
Other TY P E 4 Compromising
Christ and business
culture in paradox
TY P E 1 Avoiding
YPE 1
TChrist against T YP E 5 Dominating
Christ the transformer
of business culture
business culture
Self
Professor Kam-hon Lee 17

18. Avoiding
Christ against
TYPE 1
business culture
• Unable to handle
corruption practices
• Closed down China operation
Professor Kam-hon Lee 18

19. China business
TY PE 2 Yielding
Christ of
business culture
T YP E 3 Integrating
Christ above
business culture
Other TY P E 4 Compromising
ChristP E 4
T Y and business
culture in paradox
TY P E 1 Avoiding
Christ against T YP E 5 Dominating
Christ the transformer
of business culture
business culture
Self
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20. Compromising
TYPE 4 Christ and business
culture in paradox
• Paid penalty in spite of innocence
• Amount smaller than what violators
paid
Professor Kam-hon Lee 20

21. Christian corporate culture
TY PE 2 Yielding
Christ of
business culture
T YP E 3 Integrating
Christ above
business culture
Other TY P E 4 Compromising
Christ and business
culture in paradox
TY P E 1 Avoiding
Christ against T YP E 5Dominating
TChrist 5 transformer
YPE the
of business culture
business culture
Self
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22. Dominating
Christ the transformer
TYPE 5
of business culture
• No intermediary roles for MNCs
• Only two new clients per year
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23. Christian corporate culture
TY PE 2 Yielding
TChrist 2
Y P E of
T Y P E 2 culture
business
T YP E 3 Integrating
Christ above
business culture
Other TY P E 4 Compromising
Christ and business
culture in paradox
TY P E 1 Avoiding
Christ against T YP E 5 Dominating
Christ the transformer
of business culture
business culture
Self
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24. Not Yielding
TYPE 2
Not Christ of
business culture
• No more in-company fellowship
meetings
• Operating like an ordinary plant
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25. Normative reflection
• Beyond positive science
• Prescriptive directive
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26. Normative reflection
TY PE 2 Yielding
Christ of
business culture
T YP E 3 Integrating
Christ above
business culture
Other TY P E 4 Compromising
Christ and business
culture in paradox
TY P E 1 Avoiding
YPE 1
TChrist against T YP E 5 Dominating
Christ the transformer
of business culture
business culture
Self
Professor Kam-hon Lee 26

27. Avoiding
Christ against
TYPE 1
business culture
• Christian corporate culture
• Not going public in spite of success
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28. Normative reflection
TY PE 2 Yielding
TChrist 2
Y P E of
business culture
T YP E 3 Integrating
Christ above
business culture
Other TY P E 4 Compromising
Christ and business
culture in paradox
TY P E 1 Avoiding
Christ against T YP E 5 Dominating
Christ the transformer
of business culture
business culture
Self
Professor Kam-hon Lee 28

29. Yielding
TYPE 2
Christ of
business culture
• China business
• Nurturing guanxi
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30. Normative reflection
TY PE 2 Yielding
Christ of
business culture
T YP E 3 Integrating
T Christ3
YPE above
business culture
Other TY P E 4 Compromising
Christ and business
culture in paradox
TY P E 1 Avoiding
Christ against T YP E 5 Dominating
Christ the transformer
of business culture
business culture
Self
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31. Integrating
TYPE 3
Christ above
business culture
• China business
• Investing in safety equipments
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32. Normative reflection
TY PE 2 Yielding
Christ of
business culture
T YP E 3 Integrating
Christ above
business culture
Other TY P E 4 Compromising
ChristP E 4
T Y and business
culture in paradox
TY P E 1 Avoiding
Christ against T YP E 5 Dominating
Christ the transformer
of business culture
business culture
Self
Professor Kam-hon Lee 32

33. Compromising
TYPE 4 Christ and business
culture in paradox
• Christian corporate culture
• Trapping a disloyal senior executive
Professor Kam-hon Lee 33

34. Normative reflection
TY PE 2 Yielding
Christ of
business culture
T YP E 3 Integrating
Christ above
business culture
Other TY P E 4 Compromising
Christ and business
culture in paradox
TY P E 1 Avoiding
Christ against T YP E 5Dominating
TChrist 5 transformer
YPE the
of business culture
business culture
Self
Professor Kam-hon Lee 34

35. Dominating
Christ the transformer
TYPE 5
of business culture
• China business
• Prayer and miracle
Professor Kam-hon Lee 35

36. Conclusion
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37. Righteousness & Profitableness
H Richard Niebuhr Negotiation
Types Styles
5 types 5 styles
Equal righteousness Different profitableness
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38. Integrated Framework
• Upholds righteousness
• Understands profitableness
Professor Kam-hon Lee 38

39. Q&A
khlee@cuhk.edu.hk
Professor Kam-hon Lee 39