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What Is Agro Forestry ?   ,[object Object],[object Object]
Objectives of agro forestry ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Structural classification of systems Classification of agroforestery based on components Agrisilviculture- crops (including shrubs / vines & tress Silvipastoral – pasture / animals & tree agro–silvipastoral – crops, pasture, animals & tree (Nair, 1999 )
 
Benefits of agro forestry   ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Other Agro Forestry  Types ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
 
Nutrient cycling through agro forestry   ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
 
Table :1 Nutrient content (%) in foliage of important tree sp (Dhir et al ., 1995) 30.3 100-130 0.118 0.066 1.11 0.22 1.6 L.leucocephala 23.0 20 0.178 0.067 1.11 0.35 2.16 A. Nilotica 39.2 60-110 0.194 0.056 1.49 0.50 3.05 A. Indica 45.3 88-132 0.208 0.085 1.51 0.75 4.80 P. Juliflora N P Na k mg Ca Litter g m-2 nutrient Tree sp
Table :2  Soil fertility improvement in teak based silvipastoral system (Browaldh, 1997) 40.0 145.6 6.00 448 1.29 0.75 Teak + fodder - 1.48 0.17 4.35 - 0.018 CD (0.05) - 202.0 11.2 420 1.28 0.74 Teak 26.2 156.8 8.96 336 0.40 0.23 Pure fodder grass - 134.4 3.92 252 0.20 0.11 Open land Fodder  K P N O.M Org C Available nutrients (Kg/ha ) Treatments
Agro Forestry Based Animal Production ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
 
Role of N2 fixing trees in agro forestry ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Table3: Quantities of N2 fixed by different tree sp (Mac dicken, 1994)  224-274 L. leucocephala 88-132 P. Juliflora 40-60 C. equisetifolia 34 A. pennatula 200 A. mearnsii N2 fixed (Kg ha-1 yr-1) Species
 
Capturing benefits of NFT ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Management of problem soil through agro forestry ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Fresh yield of Gliricidia loppings of forages crops in inter spaces   Dagar(1990 ) Fodder crops Fresh forage yield Fresh lopped biomass or Gliricidia (t/ha) Without Gliricidia With Gliricidia Penisetum purpureum 73.3 36.8 53.4 Setaria anceps 48.9 35.0 109.6 Panicum maximum 54.1 46.8 69.6
  Effect of Prosopis – leptochloa on an abandoned alkali soil (Gurbachan Sing et al., (1997)       Soil property   Original soil Prosopis Prosopis juliflora  +  leptochloa   P H  soil depth    0-15cm 15-30cm 10.30   10.30 9.70   9.90 9.40   9.80 ECC(dsm -1 ) 0-15cm 15-30cm  2.20   1.50 0.66   0.78 0.42   0.63   Organic carbon(%)   0-15cm 15-30cm 0.18   0.13 0.30   0.19 0.43   0.21 Available ‘N’  0 -15cm 15-30cm 79.00   73.00   100.00   84.00 139.0   104.0
Salt Affected Soils ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Wasteland development - Agroforestry ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Status of land degradation in india MOA, 1994 0.34 Mines, landslides 2.68 Ravines 24.90 Degraded forests 2.38 Shifting cultivation 9.52 Salt – affected and water logging 10.46 Wind erosion 57.16 Water erosion Area (m.ha) Type
Agroforestry technology for wasteland development ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Agroforestry technology for wasteland development ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Water erosion –  ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Soil and nutrient loss from different land use system Grewal, 1993 K% N% 5.00 1.10 0.55 3.00 0.52 0.90 51.30 23.0 5.65 Cultivated fallow 5.90 4.80 1.54 Poplar – Leucaena  2.08 3.30 0.43 Teak – Leucaena - Bhabar 42.50 20.50 2.69 Sesame – rape seed 6.97 2.00 0.24 A. Catechu – forage grass 0.46 0.05 0.07 Eucalyptus – Bhabar grass Nutrient loss Runoff % Soil loss(t/ha) Land use system
Survival and growth characteristics of MPTS on salt affected soils;   IGFRI, Jhansi (1993)   Survival and growth characteristics of MPTS on salt affected soils     IGFRI, Jhansi (1993) MPTS March 1993 October 1993   Survival % Plant height Collar girth Survival % Plant height Collar girth Dalbergia sissoo 100  125 2.8 90 140 4.8 Eucalyptus   hybrid 62 155 2.9 58 170 4.2 Albezia lebbek 68 60 2.3 65 90 4.0 Azadirachta indica 100 80 3.2 62 90 4.7 Prosopis juliflora 100 110 2.5 100 180 6.0 Leucaena leucocephala 82 140 4.2 78 190 5.6
Relative efficiency of tree species – control of canal seepage ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Agro forestry Interaction – Effective insect pest ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Intercrop in Agroforestry ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
 
Income from various crops grown with poplars   Jagadish chandar (1998 )     Poplar with Yield kg/ha Duration Gross income Net income Onion 15,000 5 7,500 18,000 Ginger 11,000 8-9 11,000 3,400 Turmeric 4,000 8-9 14,500 3,900 Mustard 8,800 3-4 2,400 1,400 Berseem 50,000 5-6 5000 2,400
Yield and return from different inter crops with coconut (Kannan and  Nambiar.,1985) 455 150 965 60.5 Cocoa  715 1463 6250 58.8 colacasia 1503 544 15452 61.0 Taopica  885 1164 850 70.8 Rice Profit from intercrop (Rs/ha/yr) Additional rweturns from coconut (Rs/ha/yr) Yield of inter crop (Kg/ha/yr) Yield of coconut (nuts/palm/year) Inter crop
Role of multipurpose trees and shrubs in Agroforestry systems ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
 
Leucaena leucocephala ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Erosion control through Agroforestry ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
 
 
Tree based cropping system ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Agri-silivicultural system ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
 
Silivi-Pastoral system ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Pasture production(in t/ha/yr) – Silivi-pastoral combination in Bundelkhand region       (IGFRI, Jhansi 1998)   Tree Grass Dry forage yield(t/ha/yr) Fodder yield(leaf) Acacia tortilus Cenchrus ciliaris 3.4 3.2 Albizia lebbek Chrosopogon fulvus 7.8 5.4 Dalbergia sissoo Natural pasture 4.3 1.9 Leucaena leucocephala Cenchrus ciliaris 4.1 1.5 Albizia amara Sehima nervosum 3.3 13.5
 
Horti-Silvicultural system Effect of fast growing species on fruit yield of Mandarin orange     Debroy  et al.,  1989 Main plot Fruit yield of Mandarin (kg plant -1)   Eucalyptus Casuarina Grevillea Control Mandarin on trifoliate rootstock 2.5 7.8 5.1 6.3 Mandarin on citrange rootstock 2.1 10.9 6.8 10.1
Agri-silvihortipastoral system  Sapota yield and maize fodder yield as affected by different tree sp (Osman and Rao., 1996) 47.6 10.60 Maize + Sapota + D. sisso +grass 42.3 13.30 Maize + Sapota + Teak +grass 41.1 10.71 Maize + Sapota + casurina +grass 30.0 5.12 Maize + Sapota +Eucalyptus +grass 73.2 7.86 Maize + Sapota + grass Maize fodder yield  (tonnnes per hactare) Sapota fruit yield ( Kg per plant) Treatments
Home garden development through Agroforestry ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
 
Merits and Demerits of Agroforestry systems   ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
conclusion ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Future thrust ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
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Agroforestry

  • 2.  
  • 3.
  • 4.
  • 5. Structural classification of systems Classification of agroforestery based on components Agrisilviculture- crops (including shrubs / vines & tress Silvipastoral – pasture / animals & tree agro–silvipastoral – crops, pasture, animals & tree (Nair, 1999 )
  • 6.  
  • 7.
  • 8.
  • 9.  
  • 10.
  • 11.  
  • 12. Table :1 Nutrient content (%) in foliage of important tree sp (Dhir et al ., 1995) 30.3 100-130 0.118 0.066 1.11 0.22 1.6 L.leucocephala 23.0 20 0.178 0.067 1.11 0.35 2.16 A. Nilotica 39.2 60-110 0.194 0.056 1.49 0.50 3.05 A. Indica 45.3 88-132 0.208 0.085 1.51 0.75 4.80 P. Juliflora N P Na k mg Ca Litter g m-2 nutrient Tree sp
  • 13. Table :2 Soil fertility improvement in teak based silvipastoral system (Browaldh, 1997) 40.0 145.6 6.00 448 1.29 0.75 Teak + fodder - 1.48 0.17 4.35 - 0.018 CD (0.05) - 202.0 11.2 420 1.28 0.74 Teak 26.2 156.8 8.96 336 0.40 0.23 Pure fodder grass - 134.4 3.92 252 0.20 0.11 Open land Fodder K P N O.M Org C Available nutrients (Kg/ha ) Treatments
  • 14.
  • 15.  
  • 16.
  • 17. Table3: Quantities of N2 fixed by different tree sp (Mac dicken, 1994) 224-274 L. leucocephala 88-132 P. Juliflora 40-60 C. equisetifolia 34 A. pennatula 200 A. mearnsii N2 fixed (Kg ha-1 yr-1) Species
  • 18.  
  • 19.
  • 20.
  • 21. Fresh yield of Gliricidia loppings of forages crops in inter spaces   Dagar(1990 ) Fodder crops Fresh forage yield Fresh lopped biomass or Gliricidia (t/ha) Without Gliricidia With Gliricidia Penisetum purpureum 73.3 36.8 53.4 Setaria anceps 48.9 35.0 109.6 Panicum maximum 54.1 46.8 69.6
  • 22. Effect of Prosopis – leptochloa on an abandoned alkali soil (Gurbachan Sing et al., (1997)       Soil property   Original soil Prosopis Prosopis juliflora + leptochloa P H soil depth   0-15cm 15-30cm 10.30   10.30 9.70   9.90 9.40   9.80 ECC(dsm -1 ) 0-15cm 15-30cm 2.20   1.50 0.66   0.78 0.42   0.63   Organic carbon(%)   0-15cm 15-30cm 0.18   0.13 0.30   0.19 0.43   0.21 Available ‘N’ 0 -15cm 15-30cm 79.00   73.00   100.00   84.00 139.0   104.0
  • 23.
  • 24.
  • 25. Status of land degradation in india MOA, 1994 0.34 Mines, landslides 2.68 Ravines 24.90 Degraded forests 2.38 Shifting cultivation 9.52 Salt – affected and water logging 10.46 Wind erosion 57.16 Water erosion Area (m.ha) Type
  • 26.
  • 27.
  • 28.
  • 29. Soil and nutrient loss from different land use system Grewal, 1993 K% N% 5.00 1.10 0.55 3.00 0.52 0.90 51.30 23.0 5.65 Cultivated fallow 5.90 4.80 1.54 Poplar – Leucaena 2.08 3.30 0.43 Teak – Leucaena - Bhabar 42.50 20.50 2.69 Sesame – rape seed 6.97 2.00 0.24 A. Catechu – forage grass 0.46 0.05 0.07 Eucalyptus – Bhabar grass Nutrient loss Runoff % Soil loss(t/ha) Land use system
  • 30. Survival and growth characteristics of MPTS on salt affected soils;   IGFRI, Jhansi (1993)   Survival and growth characteristics of MPTS on salt affected soils   IGFRI, Jhansi (1993) MPTS March 1993 October 1993   Survival % Plant height Collar girth Survival % Plant height Collar girth Dalbergia sissoo 100 125 2.8 90 140 4.8 Eucalyptus hybrid 62 155 2.9 58 170 4.2 Albezia lebbek 68 60 2.3 65 90 4.0 Azadirachta indica 100 80 3.2 62 90 4.7 Prosopis juliflora 100 110 2.5 100 180 6.0 Leucaena leucocephala 82 140 4.2 78 190 5.6
  • 31.
  • 32.
  • 33.
  • 34.  
  • 35. Income from various crops grown with poplars   Jagadish chandar (1998 )   Poplar with Yield kg/ha Duration Gross income Net income Onion 15,000 5 7,500 18,000 Ginger 11,000 8-9 11,000 3,400 Turmeric 4,000 8-9 14,500 3,900 Mustard 8,800 3-4 2,400 1,400 Berseem 50,000 5-6 5000 2,400
  • 36. Yield and return from different inter crops with coconut (Kannan and Nambiar.,1985) 455 150 965 60.5 Cocoa 715 1463 6250 58.8 colacasia 1503 544 15452 61.0 Taopica 885 1164 850 70.8 Rice Profit from intercrop (Rs/ha/yr) Additional rweturns from coconut (Rs/ha/yr) Yield of inter crop (Kg/ha/yr) Yield of coconut (nuts/palm/year) Inter crop
  • 37.
  • 38.  
  • 39.
  • 40.
  • 41.  
  • 42.  
  • 43.
  • 44.
  • 45.  
  • 46.
  • 47. Pasture production(in t/ha/yr) – Silivi-pastoral combination in Bundelkhand region       (IGFRI, Jhansi 1998)   Tree Grass Dry forage yield(t/ha/yr) Fodder yield(leaf) Acacia tortilus Cenchrus ciliaris 3.4 3.2 Albizia lebbek Chrosopogon fulvus 7.8 5.4 Dalbergia sissoo Natural pasture 4.3 1.9 Leucaena leucocephala Cenchrus ciliaris 4.1 1.5 Albizia amara Sehima nervosum 3.3 13.5
  • 48.  
  • 49. Horti-Silvicultural system Effect of fast growing species on fruit yield of Mandarin orange     Debroy et al., 1989 Main plot Fruit yield of Mandarin (kg plant -1)   Eucalyptus Casuarina Grevillea Control Mandarin on trifoliate rootstock 2.5 7.8 5.1 6.3 Mandarin on citrange rootstock 2.1 10.9 6.8 10.1
  • 50. Agri-silvihortipastoral system Sapota yield and maize fodder yield as affected by different tree sp (Osman and Rao., 1996) 47.6 10.60 Maize + Sapota + D. sisso +grass 42.3 13.30 Maize + Sapota + Teak +grass 41.1 10.71 Maize + Sapota + casurina +grass 30.0 5.12 Maize + Sapota +Eucalyptus +grass 73.2 7.86 Maize + Sapota + grass Maize fodder yield (tonnnes per hactare) Sapota fruit yield ( Kg per plant) Treatments
  • 51.
  • 52.  
  • 53.
  • 54.
  • 55.