4. Public Policy
the positions adopted and the actions taken (or
avoided) by governments as they address the
needs of society
consists of all the authoritative public decisions
that governments make
9. MODELS OF POLICY PROCESS
RATIONAL MODEL
Identification of most efficient means
INCREMENTAL MODEL
Small changes following negotiations
GARBAGE-CAN MODEL
Emphasizes partial, fluid and disorganized qualities
10. Source: Hague, R., et al. (2015). Political Science: A Comparative Introduction, 8th Edition.
11. Cost-Benefit Analyis
It is an effort to make decisions on the
basis of a systematic review of the
relative costs and benefits of available
options.
18. INITIATION FORMULATION IMPLEMENTATION EVALUATION
STEPS IN THE POLICY CYCLE
Placing the
problem on the
public agenda
Acting upon
the policy
Developing
a response
Assessing the
effects of the
policy
22. Source: Powell, Jr., G.B., et al. (2015). Comparative Politics Today: A World View, Eleventh edition.
23. REVIEWINITIATION FORMULATION IMPLEMENTATION EVALUATION
STEPS IN THE POLICY CYCLE
Placing the
problem on the
public agenda
Acting upon
the policy
Developing
a response
Assessing the
effects of the
policy
Deciding what
to do next
25. Source: Hague, R., et al. (2015). Political Science: A Comparative Introduction, 8th Edition.
26. Why is policy termination rare?
Five possible explanations (Bardach, 1976):
Policies are designed to last a long time.
Policy termination brings conflicts.
No one wants to admit the policy was a bad idea.
Policy termination may affect other programs
and interests.
Politics rewards innovation rather than tidy
housekeeping.
28. Policy Diffusion and Convergence
POLICY DIFFUSION
the tendency for policy programs to spread
across countries
the tendency for policies in different
countries to become more alike
POLICY CONVERGENCE
29. Source: Hague, R., et al. (2015). Political Science: A Comparative Introduction, 8th Edition.
31. Public Policy in Authoritarian States
CENTRAL THEME:
subservience of policy to politics
political survival and personal enrichment
GOALS:
32. Rent Seeking
seeking to make an income from selling
a scarce resource without adding real
value
33. RESOURCE CURSE
A state that is well-
endowed in a
particular natural
resource experiences
low economic growth.
34. RESOURCE CURSE
A state that is well-
endowed in a
particular natural
resource experiences
low economic growth.
35. The Exception
Modernizing regimes whose ruling elite
displays a clear sense of national goals
and a secure hold on power follow
long-term policies, especially for
economic development.
36. The Exception
Such countries do not suffer from
inertia, but find it easier to push
through policy change, because they
can suppress short-term demands that
would arise in an open political system.
37.
38.
39.
40.
41. No matter if it is a white cat or a black cat;
as long as it can catch mice,
it is a good cat.
—DENG XIAOPING
“ “
42. LESSON REVIEW
01. Overview
02. Policy Process
03. Policy Cycle
04. Policy Diffusion and Convergence
05. Public Policy in Authoritarian States
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44. BIBLIOGRAPHICAL REFERENCES
● Hague, R., et al. (2015). Political Science: A Comparative
Introduction, 8th Edition. New York, NY: Palgrave
Macmillan, pp. 324 – 341
● Powell, Jr., G.B., et al. (2015). Comparative Politics Today:
A World View, Eleventh edition. Esexx, England: Pearson
Education Limited, pp. 146 – 171
● Policy instruments – definition. Retrieved from
https://www.economicsonline.co.uk/Definitions/Policy
_instrument.html