SlideShare une entreprise Scribd logo
1  sur  57
Télécharger pour lire hors ligne
Dr. Santipat Arunthari
Chief Technology officer (CTO)
            PTT ICT Solutions
 Governance
 COBIT 4.1 to COBIT 5.0
 How to use COBIT 5.0
   Governance is the process of decision-
    making and the process by which decisions
    are implemented (or not implemented) –
    directed and controlled.
   Governance is the process of decision-
    making and the process by which decisions
    are implemented (or not implemented) –
    directed and controlled.
      What
      for whom
      How
   Governance is about meeting strategic
    objectives (performance) …
   Governance is about meeting strategic
    objectives (performance) …

    ◦ Directing the business
    ◦ Setting strategic aims
   Governance is about meeting strategic
    objectives (performance) …
   Governance is about meeting strategic
    objectives (performance) …
        • Programs achieve their intended results,
        • Resources are used consistent with agency
          mission,
   Governance is about meeting strategic
    objectives (performance) while meeting legal
    and regulatory, contractual and other
    obligatory requirements often supported by
    policies (conformance).

                • Programs and resources are
                  protected from waste, fraud,
                  and mismanagement,
                • Laws and regulations are
                  followed, and
   Governance is about meeting strategic
    objectives (performance) while meeting legal
    and regulatory, contractual and other
    obligatory requirements often supported by
    policies (conformance).
   Governance is the process of decision-
    making and the process by which decisions
    are implemented (or not implemented) –
    directed and controlled.
ITG Best Practices & Standards
• COBIT
• COSO
• ITIL/ISO20000
• ISO 27001
• CMMI
• PMBOK/Prince2
• TOGAF
• ISO17799
15
Strategic         Focuses on ensuring the linkage of business and IT plans;
                  on defining, maintaining and validating the IT value proposition;
alignment         and on aligning IT operations with enterprise operations

                  Is about executing the value proposition throughout the delivery cycle, ensuring
Value delivery    that IT delivers the promised benefits against the strategy, concentrating on
                  optimising costs and proving the intrinsic value of IT

                  Is about the optimal investment in, and the proper management of, critical IT
Resource          resources: applications, information, infrastructure and people. Key issues
management        relate to the optimisation of knowledge and infrastructure.


                  Requires risk awareness by senior corporate officers, a clear understanding of
Risk management   the enterprise’s appetite for risk, understanding of compliance
                  requirements, transparency about the significant risks to the enterprise, and
                  embedding of risk management responsibilities in the organisation



Performance       Tracks and monitors strategy implementation, project completion, resource
                  usage, process performance and service delivery, using, for example,
measurement       balanced scorecards that translate strategy into action to achieve goals
                  measurable beyond conventional accounting
COBIT 4.1 to COBIT 5.0
Linking Business Goals to
IT Goals and Processes
1. New Principles
2. Increased Focus on Enablers
3. New Process Reference
   Model
4. New and Modified Processes
5. Practices and Activities
6. Goals and Metrics
7. Inputs and Outputs
8. RACI Charts
9. Process Capability Maturity
   Models and Assessments
   COBIT 5 helps enterprises to create optimal
    value from IT by maintaining a balance
    between realizing benefits and optimizing
    risk levels and resource use.
1. New Principles
2. Increased Focus on Enablers
3. New Process Reference
   Model
4. New and Modified Processes
5. Practices and Activities
6. Goals and Metrics
7. Inputs and Outputs
8. RACI Charts
9. Process Capability Maturity
   Models and Assessments
1. New Principles
2. Increased Focus on Enablers
3. New Process Reference
   Model
4. New and Modified Processes
5. Practices and Activities
6. Goals and Metrics
7. Inputs and Outputs
8. RACI Charts
9. Process Capability Maturity
   Models and Assessments
•   APO03   Manage   enterprise architecture.
•   APO04   Manage   innovation.
•   APO05   Manage   portfolio.
•   APO06   Manage   budget and costs.
•   APO08   Manage   relationships.
•   APO13   Manage   security.

•   BAI05 Manage organizational change
    enablement.
•   BAI08 Manage knowledge.
•   BAI09 Manage assets.

•   DSS05 Manage security service.
•   DSS06 Manage business process controls.
1. New Principles
2. Increased Focus on Enablers
3. New Process Reference
   Model
4. New and Modified Processes
5. Practices and Activities
6. Goals and Metrics
7. Inputs and Outputs
8. RACI Charts
9. Process Capability Maturity
   Models and Assessments
1. New Principles
2. Increased Focus on Enablers
3. New Process Reference
   Model
4. New and Modified Processes
5. Practices and Activities
6. Goals and Metrics
7. Inputs and Outputs
8. RACI Charts
9. Process Capability Maturity
   Models and Assessments
Source: COBIT® 4.1, page 39. © 2007 IT Governance Institute® All rights
   reserved.




Source: COBIT® 5: Enabling Processes , page 31. © 2012 ISACA® All rights
reserved.
                                                                             35
Financial:
• 01 Alignment
   of IT and
   business
   strategy
Santipat Arunthari, Ph.D.
Chief Technology Officer (CTO)


PTT ICT Solutions Company Limited
Energy Complex, Building A, 4th Floor,
555/1 Vibhavadi Rangsit Road
Chatuchak, Bangkok, 10900 Mobile: +66 (0) 8-66173000

"If you are not thinking and acting strategically,
then you are merely following orders and responding to pressure.“




Date: 22/8/2555




                                             56
It governance & cobit 5

Contenu connexe

Tendances

ISO/IEC 27001:2022 – What are the changes?
ISO/IEC 27001:2022 – What are the changes?ISO/IEC 27001:2022 – What are the changes?
ISO/IEC 27001:2022 – What are the changes?
PECB
 
COBIT® Presentation Package.ppt
COBIT® Presentation Package.pptCOBIT® Presentation Package.ppt
COBIT® Presentation Package.ppt
Emmacuet
 
Build and Information Security Strategy
Build and Information Security StrategyBuild and Information Security Strategy
Build and Information Security Strategy
Info-Tech Research Group
 

Tendances (20)

ISO 27001 2013 isms final overview
ISO 27001 2013 isms final overviewISO 27001 2013 isms final overview
ISO 27001 2013 isms final overview
 
IT Governance - COBIT 5 Capability Assessment
IT Governance - COBIT 5 Capability AssessmentIT Governance - COBIT 5 Capability Assessment
IT Governance - COBIT 5 Capability Assessment
 
Cobit5 owerwiev and implementation proposal
Cobit5 owerwiev and implementation proposalCobit5 owerwiev and implementation proposal
Cobit5 owerwiev and implementation proposal
 
Cobit 2019 framework by ISACA
Cobit 2019 framework by ISACACobit 2019 framework by ISACA
Cobit 2019 framework by ISACA
 
What is a secure enterprise architecture roadmap?
What is a secure enterprise architecture roadmap?What is a secure enterprise architecture roadmap?
What is a secure enterprise architecture roadmap?
 
COBIT 5 Basic Concepts
COBIT 5 Basic ConceptsCOBIT 5 Basic Concepts
COBIT 5 Basic Concepts
 
Enterprise Security Architecture for Cyber Security
Enterprise Security Architecture for Cyber SecurityEnterprise Security Architecture for Cyber Security
Enterprise Security Architecture for Cyber Security
 
IT Governance - Capability Assessment using COBIT 5
IT Governance - Capability Assessment using COBIT 5IT Governance - Capability Assessment using COBIT 5
IT Governance - Capability Assessment using COBIT 5
 
Cobit
CobitCobit
Cobit
 
ISO/IEC 27001:2022 – What are the changes?
ISO/IEC 27001:2022 – What are the changes?ISO/IEC 27001:2022 – What are the changes?
ISO/IEC 27001:2022 – What are the changes?
 
Enterprise Security Architecture
Enterprise Security ArchitectureEnterprise Security Architecture
Enterprise Security Architecture
 
COBIT 2019 Overview_v1.1.pdf
COBIT 2019 Overview_v1.1.pdfCOBIT 2019 Overview_v1.1.pdf
COBIT 2019 Overview_v1.1.pdf
 
Information Security Governance and Strategy
Information Security Governance and Strategy Information Security Governance and Strategy
Information Security Governance and Strategy
 
Architecture Series 5-5 Effective Enterprise Architecture Action Plan
Architecture Series 5-5   Effective Enterprise Architecture Action PlanArchitecture Series 5-5   Effective Enterprise Architecture Action Plan
Architecture Series 5-5 Effective Enterprise Architecture Action Plan
 
Governance and Management of Enterprise IT with COBIT 5 Framework
Governance and Management of Enterprise IT with COBIT 5 FrameworkGovernance and Management of Enterprise IT with COBIT 5 Framework
Governance and Management of Enterprise IT with COBIT 5 Framework
 
COBIT® Presentation Package.ppt
COBIT® Presentation Package.pptCOBIT® Presentation Package.ppt
COBIT® Presentation Package.ppt
 
SOC-2 Framework - Plan, Budget, Design, Integrate & Audit Security Controls
SOC-2 Framework - Plan, Budget, Design, Integrate & Audit Security ControlsSOC-2 Framework - Plan, Budget, Design, Integrate & Audit Security Controls
SOC-2 Framework - Plan, Budget, Design, Integrate & Audit Security Controls
 
IT Project Governance Overview
IT Project Governance OverviewIT Project Governance Overview
IT Project Governance Overview
 
Build and Information Security Strategy
Build and Information Security StrategyBuild and Information Security Strategy
Build and Information Security Strategy
 
Integrating It Frameworks, Methodologies And Best Practices Into It Delivery ...
Integrating It Frameworks, Methodologies And Best Practices Into It Delivery ...Integrating It Frameworks, Methodologies And Best Practices Into It Delivery ...
Integrating It Frameworks, Methodologies And Best Practices Into It Delivery ...
 

Similaire à It governance & cobit 5

Understanding IT Strategy, Sourcing and Vendor Relationships
Understanding IT Strategy, Sourcing and Vendor RelationshipsUnderstanding IT Strategy, Sourcing and Vendor Relationships
Understanding IT Strategy, Sourcing and Vendor Relationships
Goutama Bachtiar
 
Project Portfolio Optimization and Governance
Project Portfolio Optimization and GovernanceProject Portfolio Optimization and Governance
Project Portfolio Optimization and Governance
Value Amplify Consulting
 

Similaire à It governance & cobit 5 (20)

Understanding co bit 4.1
Understanding co bit 4.1Understanding co bit 4.1
Understanding co bit 4.1
 
Lecture 06 - CoBit - Control Objectives for Information and Related Technolog...
Lecture 06 - CoBit - Control Objectives for Information and Related Technolog...Lecture 06 - CoBit - Control Objectives for Information and Related Technolog...
Lecture 06 - CoBit - Control Objectives for Information and Related Technolog...
 
CoBIT 5 (A brief Description)
CoBIT 5 (A brief Description)CoBIT 5 (A brief Description)
CoBIT 5 (A brief Description)
 
Proposal of a Framework of Lean Governance and Management of Enterprise IT
Proposal of a Framework of Lean Governance and Management of Enterprise ITProposal of a Framework of Lean Governance and Management of Enterprise IT
Proposal of a Framework of Lean Governance and Management of Enterprise IT
 
Audit rizkie hafizzah
Audit rizkie hafizzahAudit rizkie hafizzah
Audit rizkie hafizzah
 
Understanding IT Strategy, Sourcing and Vendor Relationships
Understanding IT Strategy, Sourcing and Vendor RelationshipsUnderstanding IT Strategy, Sourcing and Vendor Relationships
Understanding IT Strategy, Sourcing and Vendor Relationships
 
Project Portfolio Optimization and Governance
Project Portfolio Optimization and GovernanceProject Portfolio Optimization and Governance
Project Portfolio Optimization and Governance
 
Syzygal cobit5-brc
Syzygal cobit5-brcSyzygal cobit5-brc
Syzygal cobit5-brc
 
Cobit 41 framework
Cobit 41 frameworkCobit 41 framework
Cobit 41 framework
 
IT Performance Measurement using IT Governance Metric
IT Performance Measurement using IT Governance MetricIT Performance Measurement using IT Governance Metric
IT Performance Measurement using IT Governance Metric
 
Lailatul izzati
Lailatul izzatiLailatul izzati
Lailatul izzati
 
Frameworks For Predictability
Frameworks For PredictabilityFrameworks For Predictability
Frameworks For Predictability
 
The Value of Portfolio Management
The Value of Portfolio ManagementThe Value of Portfolio Management
The Value of Portfolio Management
 
Cobi t 4.1-brochure
Cobi t 4.1-brochureCobi t 4.1-brochure
Cobi t 4.1-brochure
 
Cobit 4.1 ivo oktavianti
Cobit 4.1 ivo oktaviantiCobit 4.1 ivo oktavianti
Cobit 4.1 ivo oktavianti
 
Cobit 4.1 ivooktavianti
Cobit 4.1 ivooktaviantiCobit 4.1 ivooktavianti
Cobit 4.1 ivooktavianti
 
Cobit 4.1 ivo oktavianti
Cobit 4.1 ivo oktaviantiCobit 4.1 ivo oktavianti
Cobit 4.1 ivo oktavianti
 
Governance and Management of Enterprise IT with COBIT 5 Framework
Governance and Management of Enterprise IT with COBIT 5 FrameworkGovernance and Management of Enterprise IT with COBIT 5 Framework
Governance and Management of Enterprise IT with COBIT 5 Framework
 
Frameworks to drive value from your investment in Information Technology
Frameworks to drive value from your investment in Information TechnologyFrameworks to drive value from your investment in Information Technology
Frameworks to drive value from your investment in Information Technology
 
Critical Success Factors (CSFs) for Effective IT Governance Implementations
Critical Success Factors (CSFs) for Effective IT Governance ImplementationsCritical Success Factors (CSFs) for Effective IT Governance Implementations
Critical Success Factors (CSFs) for Effective IT Governance Implementations
 

Dernier

1029-Danh muc Sach Giao Khoa khoi 6.pdf
1029-Danh muc Sach Giao Khoa khoi  6.pdf1029-Danh muc Sach Giao Khoa khoi  6.pdf
1029-Danh muc Sach Giao Khoa khoi 6.pdf
QucHHunhnh
 
The basics of sentences session 3pptx.pptx
The basics of sentences session 3pptx.pptxThe basics of sentences session 3pptx.pptx
The basics of sentences session 3pptx.pptx
heathfieldcps1
 
Seal of Good Local Governance (SGLG) 2024Final.pptx
Seal of Good Local Governance (SGLG) 2024Final.pptxSeal of Good Local Governance (SGLG) 2024Final.pptx
Seal of Good Local Governance (SGLG) 2024Final.pptx
negromaestrong
 

Dernier (20)

ICT role in 21st century education and it's challenges.
ICT role in 21st century education and it's challenges.ICT role in 21st century education and it's challenges.
ICT role in 21st century education and it's challenges.
 
Application orientated numerical on hev.ppt
Application orientated numerical on hev.pptApplication orientated numerical on hev.ppt
Application orientated numerical on hev.ppt
 
1029-Danh muc Sach Giao Khoa khoi 6.pdf
1029-Danh muc Sach Giao Khoa khoi  6.pdf1029-Danh muc Sach Giao Khoa khoi  6.pdf
1029-Danh muc Sach Giao Khoa khoi 6.pdf
 
Asian American Pacific Islander Month DDSD 2024.pptx
Asian American Pacific Islander Month DDSD 2024.pptxAsian American Pacific Islander Month DDSD 2024.pptx
Asian American Pacific Islander Month DDSD 2024.pptx
 
Unit-IV- Pharma. Marketing Channels.pptx
Unit-IV- Pharma. Marketing Channels.pptxUnit-IV- Pharma. Marketing Channels.pptx
Unit-IV- Pharma. Marketing Channels.pptx
 
psychiatric nursing HISTORY COLLECTION .docx
psychiatric  nursing HISTORY  COLLECTION  .docxpsychiatric  nursing HISTORY  COLLECTION  .docx
psychiatric nursing HISTORY COLLECTION .docx
 
Z Score,T Score, Percential Rank and Box Plot Graph
Z Score,T Score, Percential Rank and Box Plot GraphZ Score,T Score, Percential Rank and Box Plot Graph
Z Score,T Score, Percential Rank and Box Plot Graph
 
Micro-Scholarship, What it is, How can it help me.pdf
Micro-Scholarship, What it is, How can it help me.pdfMicro-Scholarship, What it is, How can it help me.pdf
Micro-Scholarship, What it is, How can it help me.pdf
 
Mixin Classes in Odoo 17 How to Extend Models Using Mixin Classes
Mixin Classes in Odoo 17  How to Extend Models Using Mixin ClassesMixin Classes in Odoo 17  How to Extend Models Using Mixin Classes
Mixin Classes in Odoo 17 How to Extend Models Using Mixin Classes
 
Nutritional Needs Presentation - HLTH 104
Nutritional Needs Presentation - HLTH 104Nutritional Needs Presentation - HLTH 104
Nutritional Needs Presentation - HLTH 104
 
Class 11th Physics NEET formula sheet pdf
Class 11th Physics NEET formula sheet pdfClass 11th Physics NEET formula sheet pdf
Class 11th Physics NEET formula sheet pdf
 
Energy Resources. ( B. Pharmacy, 1st Year, Sem-II) Natural Resources
Energy Resources. ( B. Pharmacy, 1st Year, Sem-II) Natural ResourcesEnergy Resources. ( B. Pharmacy, 1st Year, Sem-II) Natural Resources
Energy Resources. ( B. Pharmacy, 1st Year, Sem-II) Natural Resources
 
2024-NATIONAL-LEARNING-CAMP-AND-OTHER.pptx
2024-NATIONAL-LEARNING-CAMP-AND-OTHER.pptx2024-NATIONAL-LEARNING-CAMP-AND-OTHER.pptx
2024-NATIONAL-LEARNING-CAMP-AND-OTHER.pptx
 
PROCESS RECORDING FORMAT.docx
PROCESS      RECORDING        FORMAT.docxPROCESS      RECORDING        FORMAT.docx
PROCESS RECORDING FORMAT.docx
 
The basics of sentences session 3pptx.pptx
The basics of sentences session 3pptx.pptxThe basics of sentences session 3pptx.pptx
The basics of sentences session 3pptx.pptx
 
Grant Readiness 101 TechSoup and Remy Consulting
Grant Readiness 101 TechSoup and Remy ConsultingGrant Readiness 101 TechSoup and Remy Consulting
Grant Readiness 101 TechSoup and Remy Consulting
 
Seal of Good Local Governance (SGLG) 2024Final.pptx
Seal of Good Local Governance (SGLG) 2024Final.pptxSeal of Good Local Governance (SGLG) 2024Final.pptx
Seal of Good Local Governance (SGLG) 2024Final.pptx
 
General Principles of Intellectual Property: Concepts of Intellectual Proper...
General Principles of Intellectual Property: Concepts of Intellectual  Proper...General Principles of Intellectual Property: Concepts of Intellectual  Proper...
General Principles of Intellectual Property: Concepts of Intellectual Proper...
 
Python Notes for mca i year students osmania university.docx
Python Notes for mca i year students osmania university.docxPython Notes for mca i year students osmania university.docx
Python Notes for mca i year students osmania university.docx
 
INDIA QUIZ 2024 RLAC DELHI UNIVERSITY.pptx
INDIA QUIZ 2024 RLAC DELHI UNIVERSITY.pptxINDIA QUIZ 2024 RLAC DELHI UNIVERSITY.pptx
INDIA QUIZ 2024 RLAC DELHI UNIVERSITY.pptx
 

It governance & cobit 5

  • 1. Dr. Santipat Arunthari Chief Technology officer (CTO) PTT ICT Solutions
  • 2.  Governance  COBIT 4.1 to COBIT 5.0  How to use COBIT 5.0
  • 3. Governance is the process of decision- making and the process by which decisions are implemented (or not implemented) – directed and controlled.
  • 4. Governance is the process of decision- making and the process by which decisions are implemented (or not implemented) – directed and controlled.  What  for whom  How
  • 5. Governance is about meeting strategic objectives (performance) …
  • 6. Governance is about meeting strategic objectives (performance) … ◦ Directing the business ◦ Setting strategic aims
  • 7. Governance is about meeting strategic objectives (performance) …
  • 8. Governance is about meeting strategic objectives (performance) … • Programs achieve their intended results, • Resources are used consistent with agency mission,
  • 9. Governance is about meeting strategic objectives (performance) while meeting legal and regulatory, contractual and other obligatory requirements often supported by policies (conformance). • Programs and resources are protected from waste, fraud, and mismanagement, • Laws and regulations are followed, and
  • 10. Governance is about meeting strategic objectives (performance) while meeting legal and regulatory, contractual and other obligatory requirements often supported by policies (conformance).
  • 11. Governance is the process of decision- making and the process by which decisions are implemented (or not implemented) – directed and controlled.
  • 12.
  • 13.
  • 14. ITG Best Practices & Standards • COBIT • COSO • ITIL/ISO20000 • ISO 27001 • CMMI • PMBOK/Prince2 • TOGAF • ISO17799
  • 15. 15
  • 16.
  • 17. Strategic Focuses on ensuring the linkage of business and IT plans; on defining, maintaining and validating the IT value proposition; alignment and on aligning IT operations with enterprise operations Is about executing the value proposition throughout the delivery cycle, ensuring Value delivery that IT delivers the promised benefits against the strategy, concentrating on optimising costs and proving the intrinsic value of IT Is about the optimal investment in, and the proper management of, critical IT Resource resources: applications, information, infrastructure and people. Key issues management relate to the optimisation of knowledge and infrastructure. Requires risk awareness by senior corporate officers, a clear understanding of Risk management the enterprise’s appetite for risk, understanding of compliance requirements, transparency about the significant risks to the enterprise, and embedding of risk management responsibilities in the organisation Performance Tracks and monitors strategy implementation, project completion, resource usage, process performance and service delivery, using, for example, measurement balanced scorecards that translate strategy into action to achieve goals measurable beyond conventional accounting
  • 18.
  • 19.
  • 20. COBIT 4.1 to COBIT 5.0
  • 21.
  • 22. Linking Business Goals to IT Goals and Processes
  • 23.
  • 24. 1. New Principles 2. Increased Focus on Enablers 3. New Process Reference Model 4. New and Modified Processes 5. Practices and Activities 6. Goals and Metrics 7. Inputs and Outputs 8. RACI Charts 9. Process Capability Maturity Models and Assessments
  • 25.
  • 26. COBIT 5 helps enterprises to create optimal value from IT by maintaining a balance between realizing benefits and optimizing risk levels and resource use.
  • 27. 1. New Principles 2. Increased Focus on Enablers 3. New Process Reference Model 4. New and Modified Processes 5. Practices and Activities 6. Goals and Metrics 7. Inputs and Outputs 8. RACI Charts 9. Process Capability Maturity Models and Assessments
  • 28.
  • 29.
  • 30. 1. New Principles 2. Increased Focus on Enablers 3. New Process Reference Model 4. New and Modified Processes 5. Practices and Activities 6. Goals and Metrics 7. Inputs and Outputs 8. RACI Charts 9. Process Capability Maturity Models and Assessments
  • 31. APO03 Manage enterprise architecture. • APO04 Manage innovation. • APO05 Manage portfolio. • APO06 Manage budget and costs. • APO08 Manage relationships. • APO13 Manage security. • BAI05 Manage organizational change enablement. • BAI08 Manage knowledge. • BAI09 Manage assets. • DSS05 Manage security service. • DSS06 Manage business process controls.
  • 32. 1. New Principles 2. Increased Focus on Enablers 3. New Process Reference Model 4. New and Modified Processes 5. Practices and Activities 6. Goals and Metrics 7. Inputs and Outputs 8. RACI Charts 9. Process Capability Maturity Models and Assessments
  • 33.
  • 34. 1. New Principles 2. Increased Focus on Enablers 3. New Process Reference Model 4. New and Modified Processes 5. Practices and Activities 6. Goals and Metrics 7. Inputs and Outputs 8. RACI Charts 9. Process Capability Maturity Models and Assessments
  • 35. Source: COBIT® 4.1, page 39. © 2007 IT Governance Institute® All rights reserved. Source: COBIT® 5: Enabling Processes , page 31. © 2012 ISACA® All rights reserved. 35
  • 36.
  • 37.
  • 38.
  • 39.
  • 40.
  • 41.
  • 42.
  • 43.
  • 44.
  • 45.
  • 46.
  • 47.
  • 48.
  • 49.
  • 50.
  • 51.
  • 52.
  • 53.
  • 54. Financial: • 01 Alignment of IT and business strategy
  • 55.
  • 56. Santipat Arunthari, Ph.D. Chief Technology Officer (CTO) PTT ICT Solutions Company Limited Energy Complex, Building A, 4th Floor, 555/1 Vibhavadi Rangsit Road Chatuchak, Bangkok, 10900 Mobile: +66 (0) 8-66173000 "If you are not thinking and acting strategically, then you are merely following orders and responding to pressure.“ Date: 22/8/2555 56