Scholarly publishers are receiving strong signals from funders and governments that they must make publicly-funded research freely available to read and reuse. And beyond open access, open data, reproducibility, improving the article and user engagement are the next steps towards transforming science.

1. Transforming
Research
Communica2ons
Kristen Fisher Ratan
SSP Annual Meeting
6 June 2013
PLOS

2. The
Dithering:
2005-­‐2060
From
UN
announcement
of
climate
change
un;l
the
fall
into
crisis.
These
were
wasted
years
The
Crisis:
2060-­‐2130
Perfect
storm
of
global
problems,
temperature
rising,
food
shortages,
mass
ex;nc;ons

3. “How
they
despised
the
genera;ons
of
the
Dithering,
who
had
heedlessly
pushed
the
climate
into
a
change
with
an
unstoppable
momentum”
-­‐2312
3

4. POLICY
Na#ons,
Funders
&
Ins#tu#ons
Adop#ng
Open
Access
Policies
4

5. Growth
of
Open
Access
Archiving
More
Funders
&
Ins2tu2ons
Mandate
Open
Access
to
Published
Research
5
ROARMAP:
Registry
of
Open
Access
Repositories
Mandatory
Archiving
Policies

6. U.S.
Increases
Open
Access
Mandates
Affirms
Public
Right
to
Access
publically-­‐funded
research
6
NIH
First
open
access
mandate
for
a
major
public
U.S.
funding
agency
(2008)
• Mandates
open
access
within
12
months
of
publica;on,
established
by
Congress
WHITE
HOUSE
Mandates
agencies
• Define
Open
Access
within
6
months
• Manuscript
availability
by
12
months
aTer
publica;on
• Set
policy
for
data
availability
(2013)
CONGRESS
Considers
Expanded
Open
Access
legislaMon
• FRPAA
(Federal
Research
Public
Access
Act)
(2006,
2009,
2012)
• FASTR
(Fair
Access
to
Science
and
Technology
Research)
(2013)

7. U.K.
Funds
Open
Access
£17
Million
to
Cover
Publica2on
Charges
7
RCUK Designates £17 million
in 2013 to pay open access APCs via
block grants to research organisations
Finch
Report
recommends
open access publishing for
publicly funded research (2012)
RCUK
Updates Open Access Policy
• Prefers immediate open access with maximum
opportunity for re-use
• Policy supports both ‘Gold’ and ‘Green’ Open
Access (2012)

8. 8
Open
Access
Becomes
Global
Policy
Governments
&
InsMtuMons
Adopt
OA
policies
European
Commission
Research
Councils
UK
World
Bank
Wellcome
NIH
Medical
Research
Council
UNESCO
Howard
Hughes
Medical
Center
MacArthur
Founda;on
CERN
and
more...
UniversiMes
Adopt
OA
policies
Harvard
BYU
Columbia
Duke
MIT
UCSF
University
of
Kansas
Princeton
Emory
Arizona
State
Boston
University
Caltech
Oregon
State
University
of
Pennsylvania
Purdue
Wake
Forest
and
more…

9. More
Open
Access
Policies
Worldwide
Mandates
emerge
for
access
to
research
9
Map:
www.openaccess.org

10.
It’s
not
a
choice
It’s
a
mandate
10

11. OPEN
ACCESS
11

12. What is open access ?
Free,
immediate
access
online
Unrestricted
distribu;on
and
re-­‐use
Author
retains
rights
to
acribu;on
Papers
are
immediately
deposited
-­‐Bethesda
Principles,
April
2003

13. Open access tells you about
• Method
of
dissemina;on
• Whether
you
can
reuse
the
informa;on
• Whether
the
ar;cle
is
archived

14. Open access does not tell you about
• The scope of the journal
• The quality of the journal
• The language of the journal
• The review process of the journal
• The acceptance criteria of the journal
• The business model of the journal

15. HowOpenIsIt?
Not
all
Open
Access
is
created
equal
15
Open
Access
Spectrum
• Recognizes
6
components
that
define
open
access
publica;ons
• Defines
what
makes
a
journal
more
open
vs.
less
open
• Invites
informed
decisions
about
where
to
publish
A
collabora2on
among:

16. HowOpenIsIt?
16
Reader
Rights
Fees to read all articles
Subscription, membership, etc.
… Free readership immediately upon
publication
Reuse
Rights
No reuse rights beyond fair use/
limitations & exceptions to
copyright (all rights reserved ©)
… Generous reuse and remixing rights
(e.g., CC BY license)
Copyrights Publisher holds copyright. No
author reuse of published
version beyond fair use
… Author holds copyright
No restrictions
Author
Posting
Rights
Author may not post any
versions to repositories or
websites
… Author may post any version
to any repository or website
Automatic
Posting
(e.g. PubMed)
No automatic posting in third-
party repositories
… Journals make articles automatically
available in trusted third-party
repositories immediately upon publication
Machine
Readability
Not available in machine-
readable format: article full text /
metadata
… Community machine-readable
standard formats for article full text,
metadata, citations, & data
(community standard API or protocol)
www.PLOS.org/HowOpenIsIt

17. MOMENTUM
Global
Adop#on
of
Open
Access
17

18. 18
SubstanMal
Growth
for
Open
Access
Publishing

19. Open
Access
Publishing
Expands
8,817
peer-­‐reviewed
open
access
journals
registered
by
2013
19
Map:
www.openaccessmap.org
Journal
count
(March
2013):
www.doaj.org

20. 20
More
Open
Access
Journals
Each
Year
Over
1000
new
2tles
each
year-­‐
since
2010
Data:
www.doaj.org
Graph:
openscience.com/a-­‐good-­‐year-­‐for-­‐Open
Access/

21. 21
Total
ar2cles
accessible
online
Online-­‐only
journals
with
APC
SubstanMal
Growth
in
ArMcle
Volume
Over
340,000
Open
Access
Ar2cles
published
in
2011
Laakso
and
Björk
(2012)
BMC
Medicine,
10:124
doi:10.1186/1741-­‐7015-­‐10-­‐1241å
Online-­‐only
journals
with
no
APC
Subscrip2on
journals
with
online
open
access
content

22. PLOS
ONE
And
the
rise
of
the
Megajournal
Global
adop#on
of
Open
Access
22

23. PLOS ONE’s Key Innovation: the editorial process
23
• Editorial criteria
• Scientifically rigorous
• Ethical
• Properly reported
• Conclusions supported by the data
• Editors and reviewers do not ask
• How important is the work?
• Which is the relevant audience?
• Everything that deserves to be published, will be published
• Therefore the journal is not artificially limited in size
• Use online tools to sort and filter scholarly content after publication,
not before

24. 24
PublicaMons
by
PLOS
ONE
per
quarter
since
launch
0
1000
2000
3000
4000
5000
6000
7000
Q1
07
Q2
07
Q3
07
Q4
07
Q1
08
Q2
08
Q3
08
Q4
08
Q1
09
Q2
09
Q3
09
Q4
09
Q1
10
Q2
10
Q3
10
Q4
10
Q1
11
Q2
11
Q3
11
Q4
11
Q1
12
Q2
12
Q3
12

25. Subsequent
launches

26. OPTIONS
Global
adop#on
of
Open
Access
26

27. Ways
to
“do”
OA
Launch a Journal Flip a Journal
Megajournal Hybrid

28. BEYOND
OA
Global
adop#on
of
Open
Access
28

29. 1. Open
Access
2. Speed
3. Smart
Content
4. Wide
Distribu;on
5. Reproducibility
6. Engagement
7. Repor;ng
Seven
Deadlies
1. Paywalls
2. Endless
revisions
3. Dumbing
down
content
4. Hoarding
5. Closed
or
lost
data
6. Ignoring
7. No
metrics
Seven
Virtues

30. 1.
Open:
Don’t
Restrict
Flow
Freely
available
Publish
all
good
science
Publish
early,
micropubs

31. 2.
Speed:
Shepard
papers
rapidly
Quick
Turnaround
Times
Improving
Peer
Review
Leveraging
Technology

32. 3.
Smart
Content:
Tell
the
Story
in
New
Ways
New
media
Context,
Background,
ATerwards
Nega;ve
Results
Enrichment,
seman;cs

33. 4.
Disseminate
Well
Improve
Portability
Improve
Granularity
LOCKSS+

34. Figure
or
data
viewers,
tools
Mining
op;ons,
nanopubs
Re-­‐use
tools
5.
Reproducibility:
Let
it
all
hang
out
All
data
open
and
discoverable

35. 6.
Encourage
Engagement
Commen;ng
Impor;ng/distribu;ng
conversa;ons
Building
iden;ty
and
reputa;on

36. 7.
Metrics:
Tracking
AbenMon
Ar;cle-­‐level
Metrics
Sub-­‐ar;cle
metrics
Beyond
the
Ar;cle

37. Doing
it
for
themselves

40. 40

41. kratan@plos.org
@kristenratan
41
http://www.wordle.net/create