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Stanford, Palo Alto CA, October 18, 2015
Slides: http://slideshare.net/LaBlogga
Crypto Enlightenment:
A Social Theory of Blockchains
An Abundance Rethinking of Authority, Knowledge, and Organization
Melanie Swan
Philosophy & Economic Theory
New School, New York NY
melanie@BlockchainStudies.org
October 18, 2015
Crypto Enlightenment 1
Melanie Swan
 Philosophy and Economic Theory, New School,
New York
 Founder, Institute for Blockchain Studies
 Instructor, Singularity University; Affiliate Scholar, Institute
for Ethics and Emerging Technology (IEET); Contributor,
EDGE
Traditional Markets Background Economic Theory Leadership
http://www.amazon.com/Bitcoin-Blueprint-New-World-Currency/dp/1491920491
Book: Blockchain:
Blueprint for a New
Economy
October 18, 2015
Crypto Enlightenment
Thesis re: Cybercurrency Social Implications
2
Cybercurrencies (Bitcoin, blockchains, and
decentralization) are not just about…
1) Digitizing and modernizing money, payments,
economics, assets, legal contracts, and governance,
2) Accelerating the transition to the automation and
actualization economy from the labor economy, but…
3) Re-exploring our reality, and specifying it as more
internally-determined than externally-determined
October 18, 2015
Crypto Enlightenment
Agenda
Bitcoin and the Age of Cryptocurrencies
 Introduction
 What is Bitcoin, blockchain, decentralization?
 Stakes: Transition from labor economy to actualization economy
 Crypto Enlightenment
 Rethinking Authority (Self, Society)
 Philosophy of Immanence (open-ended upside)
 Theory of Crypto Flourishing
 Scarcity as a social pathology
 Abundance theory of Flourishing
 Practicalities and extensive blockchain applications
3
October 18, 2015
Crypto Enlightenment
Definition
What is Blockchain Technology?
4
http://www.amazon.com/Bitcoin-Blueprint-New-World-Currency/dp/1491920491
 A cryptographic information technology
 A software protocol; email (SMTP) runs on TCP/IP, Bitcoin
runs on underlying blockchain software
 The software protocol is decentralized: each network node
keeps the ledger (giant ‘Google doc spreadsheet’ of
transactions); blocks (batches) of transactions posted
sequentially to a ledger or chain
 The software system confirms the transactions,
independently confirming transactions as unique and
valid without an intermediary (bank, government)
 Bitcoin: digital money
 No double-spend
October 18, 2015
Crypto Enlightenment
Evaluating Blockchain Ecosystem Risk
5
Network Infrastructure
Organizational
Paradigm
 Bitcoin and blockchain consensus mechanisms are the
initial, but perhaps not final positions in the build-out of
the decentralized value-transfer infrastructure
Decentralization
Consensus
Mechanism
Blockchain-based
Distributed Ledgers
Cryptocurrency
Value-exchange Token
Bitcoin
Platform Level: Current Leader:
http://www.amazon.com/Bitcoin-Blueprint-New-World-Currency/dp/1491920491
October 18, 2015
Crypto Enlightenment
Getting to Scale in Human Endeavor
Moments in Artificial Intelligence & Computing
6
1. Biology becomes
a math problem
2. Simple ML
algorithms over
large data corpora
3. Deep-learning algorithms: real-time
image & video processing, lip-reading
transcription
October 18, 2015
Crypto Enlightenment
Blockchain-class problems
7
 Million-genome repositories (largest is
3700 currently)
 Peter Turchin (U Conn), complexity,
cliometrics, measure liberty available in
a political system over time
 Brain as a DAC; neural modeling of
utility functions
 Oculus Rift – connectome integration:
experience sharing
October 18, 2015
Crypto Enlightenment
 Blockchain technology (distributed ledgers) allows a
serious move into the Automation Economy, via secure
value transfer previously unavailable with the Internet
 Fair and orderly transition from the Labor Economy to
the Automation and Actualization Economy
Bigger Picture: Automation Economy
8
Information &
Entertainment
Manufacturing Health
Economics &
Finance
Government &
Legal
Internet: Transfer of Information
Internet: Secure
Transfer of Value
Sectors
October 18, 2015
Crypto Enlightenment
Enlightenment Theme:
Rethinking Authority
9
“One ought to think
autonomously, free of the
dictates of external authority”
- Immanuel Kant
Kant, I. "Answering the Question: What Is Enlightenment?" (German: Beantwortung der Frage: Was ist Aufklärung?). 1784.
October 18, 2015
Crypto Enlightenment
Traditional Definitions (philosophy)
Immanence: from within
10
Immanence: where
everything comes from within
a system, world, person;
emergent; structure itself is
not pre-specified
Transcendence: where
everything comes from
outside a system, world,
person; externally pre-
determined specifications
 Rethinking Authority is a matter of the Inner and the
Outer; which prompts a consideration of what is inner
and what is outer
 Individual: to myself as a person, as the immanent
cryptocitizen sensibility
 Society: cryptosustainability communities: what is important
to us as a community, right size for self-sustainability?
http://www.amazon.com/Bitcoin-Blueprint-New-World-Currency/dp/1491920491
October 18, 2015
Crypto Enlightenment
Open-ended stance of novel construction up and out
from baseline into new territory; yes-and improvisation
energy, collaboration, the new, creativity, out-of-the
box, greenfield, emergent, dynamic, serendipitous,
flow, complex, multi-dimensional
Rooted in capacity: growth capability determines
possibility; oriented towards affirmation of the positive
11
Baseline
(Impossible) attempt to recoup a baseline ideal
that is pre-specified and externally imposed
Rooted in fixity: morphology (form) pre-
determines possibility; oriented towards
critique of the negative
Philosophy of Immanence
Contexts: Ethics (perfect ideal), Subjectivation,
Emotion, Abundance, Flourishing
Immanence
Models
Baseline
Models
Sources: Spinoza, Deleuze, Simondon
October 18, 2015
Crypto Enlightenment
Philosophy of Immanence
Cryptocitizen Sensibility
 Getting into a stance of immanence with
ourselves, trusting our internal self more
 Self-responsibility-taking; questioning and
self-designing which economic systems,
political systems, communities, structures
of productive work effort we’d like to
participate
 Governance services vs. being governed
 Previous: news media, entertainment, stock-
trading, health services
 Current: money, economics, governance and
legal services
12
http://www.amazon.com/Bitcoin-Blueprint-New-World-Currency/dp/1491920491
October 18, 2015
Crypto Enlightenment
Decentralization, what is it really?
13
1. Centralized
Reddit, Inc.
2. Decentralized
Datt.co
3. Hybrid Economic
Models
(multiplicity)
http://futurememes.blogspot.com/search?q=datt.co, https://medium.com/@ryanxcharles/fix-reddit-with-bitcoin-7da3f85fb9ba
P2P direct payment model:
content producers and
consumers exist in a flat
network: consumer
micropayments support
content providers and the
cost of content-hosting
Peer willingness (social good)
Familiar indirect payment model:
content is free to consume,
supported by advertising;
personalized data sold in the
backend in undisclosed ways;
used by radio, TV, and Internet
content; Content and data owned
by central host
P2P network supporting content production (ownership), hosting, serving, and consuming
Icons identify available
economic systems:
Both centralized and
decentralized pricing
models co-exist within
one web property; user
selects free or
micropay content
October 18, 2015
Crypto Enlightenment
Example: Positive Emotion is Immanent
 Negative emotions (Fredrickson)
 Trigger specific physical action-tendencies
 For example: anger -> attack; fear -> flee
 Narrowed range of time-tested action tendencies available
 Positive emotions
 Trigger general, non-directional cognitive activation
 Widened unspecified range of novel, creative, and unscripted
courses of thought and action
 Positive Emotion Theory of Flourishing (Keyes)
 Wider array of cognitive, physical, and social possibilities
 Only 18.1% of Americans are flourishing; the majority are
mentally unhealthy (depressed) or not mentally flourishing
(moderately mentally healthy/languishing)
14
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flourishing
October 18, 2015
Crypto Enlightenment
Abundance Theory of Flourishing
 Traditional Theories of Flourishing (Parfit)
 Hedonism: greatest balance of pleasure over pain
 Socrates and Protagoras in the Platonic dialogue, Protagoras
(Plato 1976 [C4 BCE], 351b–c)
 Conative (desire-based): desire fulfillment
 Objective list theory: list of other ‘goods’ constituting well-being
beyond pleasure and desire fulfillment
 New: Abundance Theory of Flourishing
 Scarcity as a social pathology
 To count as flourishing, not just alleviating suffering, there would
need to be something in the register of emergence, immanence;
which is abundance, an immanent flourishing of abundance
15
http://plato.stanford.edu/entries/well-being/
October 18, 2015
Crypto Enlightenment 16
Baseline
Philosophy of Immanence
Abundance Theory of Flourishing
Immanence
Models
Baseline
Models
Sources: Spinoza, Deleuze, Simondon
Focus:
Conception of Abundance as its own thing,
as a mode of facilitating actualization
Open-ended possibility, novelty, creativity, out-of-
the box, greenfield, emergent, dynamic,
serendipitous, flow, complex, multi-dimensional
Attempt to recoup a pre-defined baseline ideal
Conception/definition of Abundance as an
alleviation of scarcity; post-scarcity
economy; material goods needs met
Actualization
Focus:
Sustenance
October 18, 2015
Crypto Enlightenment
(Immanent) Abundance Mindset
Principles of Abundance
 Argument:
1. It is not just that material needs are
met (baseline sustenance frame), it is
that the conceptualization of life itself
becomes different as a result of this
post-scarcity (immanence
actualization frame)
2. Not just that material goods reach
post-scarcity, but new social goods
created by abundance lead to an
immanence mindset of abundance
 New social goods as the justification for
immanent abundance theory of flourishing
17
Social Goods, Social Pathology: Rousseau, Descartes, Augustin, Honneth, Neuhauser, Jaeggi
October 18, 2015
Crypto Enlightenment
Social Goods created by Abundance
 Certainty, availability, contingency reduction, peer
willingness, cognitive easing/cognitive surplus
 Psychology of Certainty and Availability: A reliable ongoing feeling
of certainty that material survival needs will be met
 Much current cognitive and physical effort is tied up in anti-
scarcity measures: hoarding, manipulation, and other anti-
scarcity measures; ascertaining future availability of resources
 Relief – of having a whole class of cognitively-exertional
activities drop off the reality of what has to be considered for
basic living
 This would be unprecedented in human history, a trustable
source of having basic needs met such that we do not even
have to think about this
18
http://www.amazon.com/Bitcoin-Blueprint-New-World-Currency/dp/1491920491
October 18, 2015
Crypto Enlightenment
Final moment:
Abundance as Background
 Backgrounding enabler
 Trust developed as a social good when certain classes of things,
like ownership, credit, transfer, service payments, are offloaded
and handled in a background system
 High cost of non-trust, deception
 Implication: spend more energy on higher uses of our
capacity; actualization, rather than sustenance
 Blockchains are the background facilitator, trust-enabling
19
Our attunement to technology as an enabling
background helps us see the possibilities for the true
meaningfulness of our being - Heidegger
Source: Heidegger, M. The Question Concerning Technology, 1954.
http://www.amazon.com/Bitcoin-Blueprint-New-World-Currency/dp/1491920491
October 18, 2015
Crypto Enlightenment
Cryptocitizen Sensibility; Cryptosustainability
The Cryptocitizen in Society
20
The sense of duty of
the citizen to serve
the republic
Civic Duty Civic Collaboration
Ancient Greek Statesman Self-directed Cryptocitizen
The sense of meaning and
purpose in participating in
community sustainability
http://www.amazon.com/Bitcoin-Blueprint-New-World-Currency/dp/1491920491
October 18, 2015
Crypto Enlightenment
Vision
New Polis is the Self-sustaining Micropolis
 How we remake society is into autonomous
self-sufficient units, with tracking and
remuneration backgrounded and outsourced to
the blockchain so we can trustably participate
and contribute and actualize and federate in
community
 Physical DACs for geographically-local
 (Like for Uber drivers) blockchain-based reputations
travel to other cities, permaculture DAS’s,
couchsurfing, seasteading, airsteading, distributed
autonomous space steading (Blackbird Bus)
 Virtual DACs for professional engagements,
work, intellectual collaborations
21
October 18, 2015
Crypto Enlightenment
Crypto Self-sustainability Communities
Peergrid Resources - 1
 Civic infrastructure providers; peer-provided community smartgrids
 ICT and community computing: SETI@home, BitTorrent, host
blockchaind nodes
 Peer Power Grid: solar, wind, alternative power; neighborhood
mesh network smartgrid power managed by blockchain DACs;
Community energy; smartgrid community
 Sharable neighborhood mesh network of Tesla powerwalls
operated by blockchain DACs
 Food: Urban farms, pop-up food grids (food as distributed
commons)
 Infrastructure: Solar Roadways
 Empathy Circles (all persons needs matter); permaculture as
social technology
22
http://www.slideshare.net/fuguegame/food-as-distributed-commons-cryptocurrencies-as-slow-money
October 18, 2015
Crypto Enlightenment
Peergrid Cryptosustaining Micropolises
 On-demand drone cloud services; swarm of cell tower
connectivity, Internet connectivity, wireless power in
advent of storms or service disruptions; mobile drone
swarm distributed-autonomous space
 Decentralized distributed mobile infrastructure
 ‘National guard’ drones
 Service disruption rescue
 Ownership of community infrastructure – blockchains as
means of owning (financing, transferring, operating,
drawing assessments) community-based infrastructure
 Smartcity becomes federation of local autonomous self-
sustained communities
23
October 18, 2015
Crypto Enlightenment
Blockchain Society Example:
Neighbor.ly Self-directed Community Bonds
 The Community Investment Marketplace; p2p
municipal bonds
 Self-directed investment in civic projects of affinity:
parks, schools, and public transportation
 Invest in personalized affinity causes, civic projects
 Previous model argument: Low accountability - the
large amount of money required for community
project funding (school, road, bridge) allowed multiple
parties to take a transaction fee for unmonitored lack
of value add
24
October 18, 2015
Crypto Enlightenment
Blockchain Society Example:
Civic Community Project Management
 Community Claims (Blockchain University team project)
 Any community member enters project: details phrased as
algorithmic claims managed by blockchain smart contracts
 E.g.; claims created for project voting and management, vendor
RFP coordination, community member assessment
25
Community Claims, Evelyn Rodriguez and colleagues, Blockchain University student project
Prototype Concept
October 18, 2015
Crypto Enlightenment
Crypto-Enlightenment Governance
 Recasting governance processes as support
(immanence) as opposed to extraction (baseline erosion)
 Actualization economy focuses on (1) sustainable
material survival and (2) the social goods of liberation:
 Self-respect, self-esteem, self-realization
 Prescriptive destabilization of non-value-added elites,
implementing the original esprit of Rousseau, Rawls
26
October 18, 2015
Crypto Enlightenment
How does Bitcoin work?
27
1. Download software wallet app
 Blockchain.info, Mycelium, etc.
2. Transfer Bitcoin via QR Code / public key address
3. See your transaction confirm, post to the blockchain
October 18, 2015
Crypto Enlightenment
Where can I use Bitcoin?
28
http://bitcoinmaps.info/, http://coinmap.org/, https://airbitz.co/
October 18, 2015
Crypto Enlightenment
Smart Property and Smart Contracts
 Implications: a future of cryptographically-
activated assets and actions…
 …physical and intellectual property might
be registered and transacted via
blockchains as smart property, and
 …agreements, contractual relationships,
societal record-keeping, and governance
might be enacted through code-based
smart contracts
29
October 18, 2015
Crypto Enlightenment
What is Smart Property?
 Register assets to blockchain via unique key
 Real-time GPS ‘LoJack’ tracking for any asset
 Blockchain becomes an inventory, tracking,
and exchange mechanism for hard assets
 Smart Property example projects
 Blocktrace ledger tracks diamonds
 Provenance.org tracks supply chain authenticity
 OpenBazaar decentralized Craigslist exchange
 Factom-HealthNautica medical billing and claims
 Drug and equipment inventory, including origin
and servicing records
30
https://openbazaar.org/, http://www.edgelogic.net/blocktrace, Provenance: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=SqIUBn80pg4
http://cointelegraph.com/news/114053/factoms-latest-partnership-takes-on-us-healthcare
October 18, 2015
Crypto Enlightenment
Smart Property - Intangible
 Notary Service, Attestation
 Register contracts, agreements, wills (Proof of Existence, Factom)
 Register, protect, and transact IP (Monegraph, Ascribe)
 How it works
 Hash + timestamp + blockchain record
31
http://www.proofofexistence.com/
October 18, 2015
Crypto Enlightenment
What are Smart Contracts?
32
 Agreements between parties posted to the
blockchain for automated execution
 Human-human interaction
 Technological-entity operation
 Patterns of interaction in society
 Software models most world systems now
 Software services can encode these patterns
(smart contracts as decentralized SaaS) to
facilitate the patterns of human interaction
 Example: Starbucks facilitates the pattern of
coffee for tokens exchange
 Code Projects: Ethereum, Etherparty, Eris
Woods, G.; https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Q2CNayXbRKI, http://financialcryptography.com/mt/archives/001555.html,
https://eng.erisindustries.com/smart%20contracts/2014/12/17/dennys-smart-contracting/ ,
http://forum.ethereum.org/discussion/1402/how-to-get-started-your-first-dapp-under-one-hour,
October 18, 2015
Crypto Enlightenment
Theme: Human-Technology Entity
Collaboration
33
http://www.robotandhwang.com/attorneys/
 “Law is something to be
radically reshaped by
the emergence of
technology, it is about
the management and
manipulation of data on
an entirely new scale”
- Richard Susskind
October 18, 2015
Crypto Enlightenment
Technologically-binding vs. Legally-binding
 Different frameworks
 Technologically-binding: Inexorably
executing code contracts (Lessig: "code
is law") that cannot be breached, and
will proceed unstoppably even if
conditions have changed
 Legally-binding: Discretionary
compliance, semantic flexibility of
human-partied contracts
 Key shift: Auto-executing code
could become prevalent not
anecdotal (mortgage industry)
34
Primavera De Filippi on Ethereum: Freenet or Skynet?
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=slhuidzccpI
October 18, 2015
Crypto Enlightenment
Cryptolaw
 Intersection of technological (inexorable,
uninfringeable) and legal frameworks (flexible)
 Separate legal system needed for smart
contracts?
 Smart contract regulation: impossible to enforce smart
contracts with current law
 Example: a decentralized program already launched
and running is difficult to control, regulate, or sue for
damages
 Smart contracts impact not just contract law, but
more broadly social contracts within society
 What kind of social contracts do we humans want with
technological entities?
35
October 18, 2015
Crypto Enlightenment
Cryptolaw and Societal Design Implications
 Emerging that we need new ways of building societal
shared trust through:
1. Transparency
2. Legal frameworks that are still relevant, but perhaps
enacted at the level of the contract (not federal/state)
 Not lawlessness, legal framework as a selectable parameter
like jurisdiction (like Creative Commons license drop-downs)
3. More becomes ‘legal’ since monitoring is impossible
 More tolerance of existing patterns of interaction in society
 Result: Less deception; more truth, transparency, disclosure,
acknowledgment
 Everyone in the system is taking part consensually
 Result: more self-determination of societal participants
36
http://www.amazon.com/Bitcoin-Blueprint-New-World-Currency/dp/1491920491
October 18, 2015
Crypto Enlightenment
Blockchains help Singularity-class Problems
37
http://www.amazon.com/Bitcoin-Blueprint-New-World-Currency/dp/1491920491
 Blockchain functionality principles
 Very-large scale automated system of checks and balances;
all ‘transactions’ must confirm via reputation confirmation,
algorithmic trust and smartnetwork consensus mechanisms
 Friendly AI
 Autonomous lab robots: On-chain DAC IP discovery
tracking
 Blockchain nano-compilers (worry: Grey Goo unchecked
nanotech proliferation): signed like synbio
 As physical-world engineers sign the bridges they build
(literally, pride and responsibility), synbio engineers ‘sign’
DNA designs and building blocks (‘signing’ is unavoidable),
and so too propositional nanotech constructions would be 1)
signed by bona fide engineers, and 2) not be able to avoid
having a traceable signature by befouled players (malicious
or otherwise)
October 18, 2015
Crypto Enlightenment
Spacechains: Blockchains in Space
38
http://www.amazon.com/Bitcoin-Blueprint-New-World-Currency/dp/1491920491
 Blockchains: not just Earth-class technology, an
extra-terrestrial-class technology for space projects
 Blockchains – not just to coordinate very-large Earth-class
terrestrial projects like billion-member DNA databanks and
EMRs, space-class problems too
 Space Applications: Space settlement, terraforming,
asteroid mining, fuel generation, bombardment
monitoring, basic science observation; colored-coin
ledgers for energy, settlement, transport, supplies
 Terrestrial Applications: fragility alleviation
 Data center back-up, geomagnetic solar protection,
existential risk reduction, Bitcoin in space (BitSats (like
CubeSats))
October 18, 2015
Crypto Enlightenment
Blockchain IOT
39
http://www.zdnet.com/article/internet-of-things-market-to-hit-7-1-trillion-by-2020-idc/,
http://www.amazon.com/Bitcoin-Blueprint-New-World-Currency/dp/1491920491
 M2M/IOT Bitcoin payment network to
enable the machine economy
 IOT 2020: 26 bn devices in a $7 tn market
 The economic layer the web never had
 Smarthome IOT networks
 Self-mining ecologies
 Privacy orchestration: devices, robotics, digital
personal health assistants
 Blockchains: economic principle-driven
large-scale resource allocation and
coordination mechanisms
Smartcity Connected
Car Coordination
Smarthome IOT and
Personal Robotics
Coordination
October 18, 2015
Crypto Enlightenment
Blockchains: Global and Liberty-enhancing
40
 Global governance for transnational organizations
 WikiLeaks, ICANN, Wikipedia
 Benefits of blockchain administration
 Uplift to cloud from local jurisdictional regulations
 Universal administration mechanism for global organizations
 Structure promotes transparency, accountability, freedom
 Namecoin: decentralized DNS
http://www.forbes.com/sites/andygreenberg/2010/12/07/visa-mastercard-move-to-choke-wikileaks/
Snowden Affair
October 18, 2015
Crypto Enlightenment
Blockchain Government
 Opt-in Personalized Government
 Composting vs education
 Reputation-based ID system, voting,
dispute resolution, national income
distribution, public documents
registration and repository
 Precedentcoin
 Crowdsourced legal services, justice
entrepreneurs, blockchain arbitration
 Sidekik
 On-demand tele-attorney, private police
41
http://www.bitnation.co/, https://bitcoinmagazine.com/17066/first-blockchain-wedding-2/,
https://bitcoinmagazine.com/19813/sidekik-decentralized-video-streaming-storage/
World’s First Blockchain Marriage:
David Mondrus and Joyce Bayo, October
5, 2014, Disney World FL, Coins in the
Kingdom Bitcoin Conference, Jeffrey
Tucker (Liberty.me) presiding
October 18, 2015
Crypto Enlightenment
Blockchain Representation and Voting
 Futarchy, two-step program
1. Traditional vote on outcomes (ex: GDP)
2. Prediction markets to determine specific
proposals for achieving the outcome
 Delegative democracy (Liquid Democracy)
 Voting power temporarily vested in
delegates not long-term representatives
 Group proposition development
 Random Sample Elections
 Randomly selected individuals vote on a
single issue, blockchain orchestration
42
https://bitcoinmagazine.com/17066/first-blockchain-wedding-2/,
http://www.bitnation-blog.com/latest-update-dec-22nd-2014/
October 18, 2015
Crypto Enlightenment
Blockchain Legal
 Notary Service, Attestation
 Register contracts, agreements, wills (Proof of Existence, Factom)
 Register, protect, and transact IP (Monegraph, Ascribe)
 How it works
 Hash + timestamp + blockchain record
43
http://www.proofofexistence.com/
October 18, 2015
Crypto Enlightenment
Blockchain Science and What is Mining?
 Mining is the process of adding
transaction records to the public
ledger by performing a computing
task that is costly to execute but
easy to verify
 Issue: mining is purposefully
wasteful to deter malicious players
 ‘Green’ mining projects
 Primecoin
 Foldingcoin
 Gridcoin
 Zennet
44
http://www.righto.com/2014/02/bitcoin-mining-hard-way-algorithms.html,
http://codinginmysleep.com/bitcoin-mining-in-plain-english/
October 18, 2015
Crypto Enlightenment
Blockchain Health
 Blockchain technology in health-related applications
1. EMRs: Personal Health Record Storage and Access
 Personal health records stored and administered via blockchain
 Users key-permission doctors and other parties into records
2. Health Research Commons
 Aggregated personal medical records, quantified self data
commons (DNA.bits), genome and connectome files
3. Health Document Notary Services
 Proof-of-insurance, test results, prescriptions, status, condition,
treatment, physician referrals
4. Doctor Vendor RFP Services
 (Like Uber drivers) doctors and health practices bid to supply
medical services; automated bidding via tradenets
45
http://futurememes.blogspot.fr/2014/09/blockchain-health-remunerative-health.html
October 18, 2015
Crypto Enlightenment
Blockchain Genomics
46
 Jurisdictional regulation prevents
individuals from having access to
their own genetic data
http://genomesunzipped.org/2011/03/people-have-a-right-to-access-their-own-genetic-information.php
October 18, 2015
Crypto Enlightenment
Blockchain Art
47
http://cryptoart.com/
 Fine art paper wallets
October 18, 2015
Crypto Enlightenment
Blockchain Art
48
https://bitcointalk.org/index.php?topic=98392.0
 Cryptographic art
October 18, 2015
Crypto Enlightenment
Blockchain Art
49
Rio, Tel Aviv, Hamburg, Barcelona, Seoul, Tokyo, New York
http://bitfilm.com/festival.html
October 18, 2015
Crypto Enlightenment
Blockchain Literacy
 ‘Bitcoin MOOCs,’ ‘Kiva for literacy’
 Peer-to-peer learning contracts
 Literacy beyond reading
 Technical, Agricultural, Vocational Literacy
 Blockchain-based personal development
contracts
 QS-biometric utility function imputation and tracking
 Maslow chains, subjectivation and actualization chains
 Development Economics 2.0
 Literacy contracts, remittances, blockchain-tracked aid,
microcredit, decentralized credit bureaus
 Open-source FICO scores
 Peer-vouched reputation
50
October 18, 2015
Crypto Enlightenment
Agenda
Bitcoin and the Age of Cryptocurrencies
 Introduction
 What is Bitcoin, blockchain, decentralization?
 Stakes: Transition from labor economy to actualization economy
 Crypto-Enlightenment
 Rethinking Authority (Self, Society)
 Philosophy of Immanence (open-ended upside)
 Theory of Crypto Flourishing
 Scarcity as a social pathology
 Abundance theory of Flourishing
 Practicalities and extensive blockchain applications
51
October 18, 2015
Crypto Enlightenment
Conclusions
Abundance Theory of Flourishing
 Individuals and communities taking more self-authority
for economic and political system determination
 Calling out immanence as open-ended upside shifts
locus of focus to actualization and not sustenance
 Abundance is immanent flourishing not just scarcity-as-
a-social pathology resolution and post-scarcity economy
 Individual
 Cryptocitizen internally-specified reality and authority-taking
 Self-determined economic and political systems
 Society
 Self-sustaining community peergrids, infrastructure hosting
 The new polis is the micropolis
52
http://www.amazon.com/Bitcoin-Blueprint-New-World-Currency/dp/1491920491
Stanford, Palo Alto CA, October 18, 2015
Slides: http://slideshare.net/LaBlogga
Bitcoin and the Age of Cybercurrencies:
The Crypto Enlightenment
An Abundance Rethinking of Authority, Knowledge, and Organization
Melanie Swan
Philosophy & Economic Theory
New School, New York NY
melanie@BlockchainStudies.org
Thank You! Questions?

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The Crypto Enlightenment: Social Theory of Blockchains

  • 1. Stanford, Palo Alto CA, October 18, 2015 Slides: http://slideshare.net/LaBlogga Crypto Enlightenment: A Social Theory of Blockchains An Abundance Rethinking of Authority, Knowledge, and Organization Melanie Swan Philosophy & Economic Theory New School, New York NY melanie@BlockchainStudies.org
  • 2. October 18, 2015 Crypto Enlightenment 1 Melanie Swan  Philosophy and Economic Theory, New School, New York  Founder, Institute for Blockchain Studies  Instructor, Singularity University; Affiliate Scholar, Institute for Ethics and Emerging Technology (IEET); Contributor, EDGE Traditional Markets Background Economic Theory Leadership http://www.amazon.com/Bitcoin-Blueprint-New-World-Currency/dp/1491920491 Book: Blockchain: Blueprint for a New Economy
  • 3. October 18, 2015 Crypto Enlightenment Thesis re: Cybercurrency Social Implications 2 Cybercurrencies (Bitcoin, blockchains, and decentralization) are not just about… 1) Digitizing and modernizing money, payments, economics, assets, legal contracts, and governance, 2) Accelerating the transition to the automation and actualization economy from the labor economy, but… 3) Re-exploring our reality, and specifying it as more internally-determined than externally-determined
  • 4. October 18, 2015 Crypto Enlightenment Agenda Bitcoin and the Age of Cryptocurrencies  Introduction  What is Bitcoin, blockchain, decentralization?  Stakes: Transition from labor economy to actualization economy  Crypto Enlightenment  Rethinking Authority (Self, Society)  Philosophy of Immanence (open-ended upside)  Theory of Crypto Flourishing  Scarcity as a social pathology  Abundance theory of Flourishing  Practicalities and extensive blockchain applications 3
  • 5. October 18, 2015 Crypto Enlightenment Definition What is Blockchain Technology? 4 http://www.amazon.com/Bitcoin-Blueprint-New-World-Currency/dp/1491920491  A cryptographic information technology  A software protocol; email (SMTP) runs on TCP/IP, Bitcoin runs on underlying blockchain software  The software protocol is decentralized: each network node keeps the ledger (giant ‘Google doc spreadsheet’ of transactions); blocks (batches) of transactions posted sequentially to a ledger or chain  The software system confirms the transactions, independently confirming transactions as unique and valid without an intermediary (bank, government)  Bitcoin: digital money  No double-spend
  • 6. October 18, 2015 Crypto Enlightenment Evaluating Blockchain Ecosystem Risk 5 Network Infrastructure Organizational Paradigm  Bitcoin and blockchain consensus mechanisms are the initial, but perhaps not final positions in the build-out of the decentralized value-transfer infrastructure Decentralization Consensus Mechanism Blockchain-based Distributed Ledgers Cryptocurrency Value-exchange Token Bitcoin Platform Level: Current Leader: http://www.amazon.com/Bitcoin-Blueprint-New-World-Currency/dp/1491920491
  • 7. October 18, 2015 Crypto Enlightenment Getting to Scale in Human Endeavor Moments in Artificial Intelligence & Computing 6 1. Biology becomes a math problem 2. Simple ML algorithms over large data corpora 3. Deep-learning algorithms: real-time image & video processing, lip-reading transcription
  • 8. October 18, 2015 Crypto Enlightenment Blockchain-class problems 7  Million-genome repositories (largest is 3700 currently)  Peter Turchin (U Conn), complexity, cliometrics, measure liberty available in a political system over time  Brain as a DAC; neural modeling of utility functions  Oculus Rift – connectome integration: experience sharing
  • 9. October 18, 2015 Crypto Enlightenment  Blockchain technology (distributed ledgers) allows a serious move into the Automation Economy, via secure value transfer previously unavailable with the Internet  Fair and orderly transition from the Labor Economy to the Automation and Actualization Economy Bigger Picture: Automation Economy 8 Information & Entertainment Manufacturing Health Economics & Finance Government & Legal Internet: Transfer of Information Internet: Secure Transfer of Value Sectors
  • 10. October 18, 2015 Crypto Enlightenment Enlightenment Theme: Rethinking Authority 9 “One ought to think autonomously, free of the dictates of external authority” - Immanuel Kant Kant, I. "Answering the Question: What Is Enlightenment?" (German: Beantwortung der Frage: Was ist Aufklärung?). 1784.
  • 11. October 18, 2015 Crypto Enlightenment Traditional Definitions (philosophy) Immanence: from within 10 Immanence: where everything comes from within a system, world, person; emergent; structure itself is not pre-specified Transcendence: where everything comes from outside a system, world, person; externally pre- determined specifications  Rethinking Authority is a matter of the Inner and the Outer; which prompts a consideration of what is inner and what is outer  Individual: to myself as a person, as the immanent cryptocitizen sensibility  Society: cryptosustainability communities: what is important to us as a community, right size for self-sustainability? http://www.amazon.com/Bitcoin-Blueprint-New-World-Currency/dp/1491920491
  • 12. October 18, 2015 Crypto Enlightenment Open-ended stance of novel construction up and out from baseline into new territory; yes-and improvisation energy, collaboration, the new, creativity, out-of-the box, greenfield, emergent, dynamic, serendipitous, flow, complex, multi-dimensional Rooted in capacity: growth capability determines possibility; oriented towards affirmation of the positive 11 Baseline (Impossible) attempt to recoup a baseline ideal that is pre-specified and externally imposed Rooted in fixity: morphology (form) pre- determines possibility; oriented towards critique of the negative Philosophy of Immanence Contexts: Ethics (perfect ideal), Subjectivation, Emotion, Abundance, Flourishing Immanence Models Baseline Models Sources: Spinoza, Deleuze, Simondon
  • 13. October 18, 2015 Crypto Enlightenment Philosophy of Immanence Cryptocitizen Sensibility  Getting into a stance of immanence with ourselves, trusting our internal self more  Self-responsibility-taking; questioning and self-designing which economic systems, political systems, communities, structures of productive work effort we’d like to participate  Governance services vs. being governed  Previous: news media, entertainment, stock- trading, health services  Current: money, economics, governance and legal services 12 http://www.amazon.com/Bitcoin-Blueprint-New-World-Currency/dp/1491920491
  • 14. October 18, 2015 Crypto Enlightenment Decentralization, what is it really? 13 1. Centralized Reddit, Inc. 2. Decentralized Datt.co 3. Hybrid Economic Models (multiplicity) http://futurememes.blogspot.com/search?q=datt.co, https://medium.com/@ryanxcharles/fix-reddit-with-bitcoin-7da3f85fb9ba P2P direct payment model: content producers and consumers exist in a flat network: consumer micropayments support content providers and the cost of content-hosting Peer willingness (social good) Familiar indirect payment model: content is free to consume, supported by advertising; personalized data sold in the backend in undisclosed ways; used by radio, TV, and Internet content; Content and data owned by central host P2P network supporting content production (ownership), hosting, serving, and consuming Icons identify available economic systems: Both centralized and decentralized pricing models co-exist within one web property; user selects free or micropay content
  • 15. October 18, 2015 Crypto Enlightenment Example: Positive Emotion is Immanent  Negative emotions (Fredrickson)  Trigger specific physical action-tendencies  For example: anger -> attack; fear -> flee  Narrowed range of time-tested action tendencies available  Positive emotions  Trigger general, non-directional cognitive activation  Widened unspecified range of novel, creative, and unscripted courses of thought and action  Positive Emotion Theory of Flourishing (Keyes)  Wider array of cognitive, physical, and social possibilities  Only 18.1% of Americans are flourishing; the majority are mentally unhealthy (depressed) or not mentally flourishing (moderately mentally healthy/languishing) 14 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flourishing
  • 16. October 18, 2015 Crypto Enlightenment Abundance Theory of Flourishing  Traditional Theories of Flourishing (Parfit)  Hedonism: greatest balance of pleasure over pain  Socrates and Protagoras in the Platonic dialogue, Protagoras (Plato 1976 [C4 BCE], 351b–c)  Conative (desire-based): desire fulfillment  Objective list theory: list of other ‘goods’ constituting well-being beyond pleasure and desire fulfillment  New: Abundance Theory of Flourishing  Scarcity as a social pathology  To count as flourishing, not just alleviating suffering, there would need to be something in the register of emergence, immanence; which is abundance, an immanent flourishing of abundance 15 http://plato.stanford.edu/entries/well-being/
  • 17. October 18, 2015 Crypto Enlightenment 16 Baseline Philosophy of Immanence Abundance Theory of Flourishing Immanence Models Baseline Models Sources: Spinoza, Deleuze, Simondon Focus: Conception of Abundance as its own thing, as a mode of facilitating actualization Open-ended possibility, novelty, creativity, out-of- the box, greenfield, emergent, dynamic, serendipitous, flow, complex, multi-dimensional Attempt to recoup a pre-defined baseline ideal Conception/definition of Abundance as an alleviation of scarcity; post-scarcity economy; material goods needs met Actualization Focus: Sustenance
  • 18. October 18, 2015 Crypto Enlightenment (Immanent) Abundance Mindset Principles of Abundance  Argument: 1. It is not just that material needs are met (baseline sustenance frame), it is that the conceptualization of life itself becomes different as a result of this post-scarcity (immanence actualization frame) 2. Not just that material goods reach post-scarcity, but new social goods created by abundance lead to an immanence mindset of abundance  New social goods as the justification for immanent abundance theory of flourishing 17 Social Goods, Social Pathology: Rousseau, Descartes, Augustin, Honneth, Neuhauser, Jaeggi
  • 19. October 18, 2015 Crypto Enlightenment Social Goods created by Abundance  Certainty, availability, contingency reduction, peer willingness, cognitive easing/cognitive surplus  Psychology of Certainty and Availability: A reliable ongoing feeling of certainty that material survival needs will be met  Much current cognitive and physical effort is tied up in anti- scarcity measures: hoarding, manipulation, and other anti- scarcity measures; ascertaining future availability of resources  Relief – of having a whole class of cognitively-exertional activities drop off the reality of what has to be considered for basic living  This would be unprecedented in human history, a trustable source of having basic needs met such that we do not even have to think about this 18 http://www.amazon.com/Bitcoin-Blueprint-New-World-Currency/dp/1491920491
  • 20. October 18, 2015 Crypto Enlightenment Final moment: Abundance as Background  Backgrounding enabler  Trust developed as a social good when certain classes of things, like ownership, credit, transfer, service payments, are offloaded and handled in a background system  High cost of non-trust, deception  Implication: spend more energy on higher uses of our capacity; actualization, rather than sustenance  Blockchains are the background facilitator, trust-enabling 19 Our attunement to technology as an enabling background helps us see the possibilities for the true meaningfulness of our being - Heidegger Source: Heidegger, M. The Question Concerning Technology, 1954. http://www.amazon.com/Bitcoin-Blueprint-New-World-Currency/dp/1491920491
  • 21. October 18, 2015 Crypto Enlightenment Cryptocitizen Sensibility; Cryptosustainability The Cryptocitizen in Society 20 The sense of duty of the citizen to serve the republic Civic Duty Civic Collaboration Ancient Greek Statesman Self-directed Cryptocitizen The sense of meaning and purpose in participating in community sustainability http://www.amazon.com/Bitcoin-Blueprint-New-World-Currency/dp/1491920491
  • 22. October 18, 2015 Crypto Enlightenment Vision New Polis is the Self-sustaining Micropolis  How we remake society is into autonomous self-sufficient units, with tracking and remuneration backgrounded and outsourced to the blockchain so we can trustably participate and contribute and actualize and federate in community  Physical DACs for geographically-local  (Like for Uber drivers) blockchain-based reputations travel to other cities, permaculture DAS’s, couchsurfing, seasteading, airsteading, distributed autonomous space steading (Blackbird Bus)  Virtual DACs for professional engagements, work, intellectual collaborations 21
  • 23. October 18, 2015 Crypto Enlightenment Crypto Self-sustainability Communities Peergrid Resources - 1  Civic infrastructure providers; peer-provided community smartgrids  ICT and community computing: SETI@home, BitTorrent, host blockchaind nodes  Peer Power Grid: solar, wind, alternative power; neighborhood mesh network smartgrid power managed by blockchain DACs; Community energy; smartgrid community  Sharable neighborhood mesh network of Tesla powerwalls operated by blockchain DACs  Food: Urban farms, pop-up food grids (food as distributed commons)  Infrastructure: Solar Roadways  Empathy Circles (all persons needs matter); permaculture as social technology 22 http://www.slideshare.net/fuguegame/food-as-distributed-commons-cryptocurrencies-as-slow-money
  • 24. October 18, 2015 Crypto Enlightenment Peergrid Cryptosustaining Micropolises  On-demand drone cloud services; swarm of cell tower connectivity, Internet connectivity, wireless power in advent of storms or service disruptions; mobile drone swarm distributed-autonomous space  Decentralized distributed mobile infrastructure  ‘National guard’ drones  Service disruption rescue  Ownership of community infrastructure – blockchains as means of owning (financing, transferring, operating, drawing assessments) community-based infrastructure  Smartcity becomes federation of local autonomous self- sustained communities 23
  • 25. October 18, 2015 Crypto Enlightenment Blockchain Society Example: Neighbor.ly Self-directed Community Bonds  The Community Investment Marketplace; p2p municipal bonds  Self-directed investment in civic projects of affinity: parks, schools, and public transportation  Invest in personalized affinity causes, civic projects  Previous model argument: Low accountability - the large amount of money required for community project funding (school, road, bridge) allowed multiple parties to take a transaction fee for unmonitored lack of value add 24
  • 26. October 18, 2015 Crypto Enlightenment Blockchain Society Example: Civic Community Project Management  Community Claims (Blockchain University team project)  Any community member enters project: details phrased as algorithmic claims managed by blockchain smart contracts  E.g.; claims created for project voting and management, vendor RFP coordination, community member assessment 25 Community Claims, Evelyn Rodriguez and colleagues, Blockchain University student project Prototype Concept
  • 27. October 18, 2015 Crypto Enlightenment Crypto-Enlightenment Governance  Recasting governance processes as support (immanence) as opposed to extraction (baseline erosion)  Actualization economy focuses on (1) sustainable material survival and (2) the social goods of liberation:  Self-respect, self-esteem, self-realization  Prescriptive destabilization of non-value-added elites, implementing the original esprit of Rousseau, Rawls 26
  • 28. October 18, 2015 Crypto Enlightenment How does Bitcoin work? 27 1. Download software wallet app  Blockchain.info, Mycelium, etc. 2. Transfer Bitcoin via QR Code / public key address 3. See your transaction confirm, post to the blockchain
  • 29. October 18, 2015 Crypto Enlightenment Where can I use Bitcoin? 28 http://bitcoinmaps.info/, http://coinmap.org/, https://airbitz.co/
  • 30. October 18, 2015 Crypto Enlightenment Smart Property and Smart Contracts  Implications: a future of cryptographically- activated assets and actions…  …physical and intellectual property might be registered and transacted via blockchains as smart property, and  …agreements, contractual relationships, societal record-keeping, and governance might be enacted through code-based smart contracts 29
  • 31. October 18, 2015 Crypto Enlightenment What is Smart Property?  Register assets to blockchain via unique key  Real-time GPS ‘LoJack’ tracking for any asset  Blockchain becomes an inventory, tracking, and exchange mechanism for hard assets  Smart Property example projects  Blocktrace ledger tracks diamonds  Provenance.org tracks supply chain authenticity  OpenBazaar decentralized Craigslist exchange  Factom-HealthNautica medical billing and claims  Drug and equipment inventory, including origin and servicing records 30 https://openbazaar.org/, http://www.edgelogic.net/blocktrace, Provenance: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=SqIUBn80pg4 http://cointelegraph.com/news/114053/factoms-latest-partnership-takes-on-us-healthcare
  • 32. October 18, 2015 Crypto Enlightenment Smart Property - Intangible  Notary Service, Attestation  Register contracts, agreements, wills (Proof of Existence, Factom)  Register, protect, and transact IP (Monegraph, Ascribe)  How it works  Hash + timestamp + blockchain record 31 http://www.proofofexistence.com/
  • 33. October 18, 2015 Crypto Enlightenment What are Smart Contracts? 32  Agreements between parties posted to the blockchain for automated execution  Human-human interaction  Technological-entity operation  Patterns of interaction in society  Software models most world systems now  Software services can encode these patterns (smart contracts as decentralized SaaS) to facilitate the patterns of human interaction  Example: Starbucks facilitates the pattern of coffee for tokens exchange  Code Projects: Ethereum, Etherparty, Eris Woods, G.; https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Q2CNayXbRKI, http://financialcryptography.com/mt/archives/001555.html, https://eng.erisindustries.com/smart%20contracts/2014/12/17/dennys-smart-contracting/ , http://forum.ethereum.org/discussion/1402/how-to-get-started-your-first-dapp-under-one-hour,
  • 34. October 18, 2015 Crypto Enlightenment Theme: Human-Technology Entity Collaboration 33 http://www.robotandhwang.com/attorneys/  “Law is something to be radically reshaped by the emergence of technology, it is about the management and manipulation of data on an entirely new scale” - Richard Susskind
  • 35. October 18, 2015 Crypto Enlightenment Technologically-binding vs. Legally-binding  Different frameworks  Technologically-binding: Inexorably executing code contracts (Lessig: "code is law") that cannot be breached, and will proceed unstoppably even if conditions have changed  Legally-binding: Discretionary compliance, semantic flexibility of human-partied contracts  Key shift: Auto-executing code could become prevalent not anecdotal (mortgage industry) 34 Primavera De Filippi on Ethereum: Freenet or Skynet? https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=slhuidzccpI
  • 36. October 18, 2015 Crypto Enlightenment Cryptolaw  Intersection of technological (inexorable, uninfringeable) and legal frameworks (flexible)  Separate legal system needed for smart contracts?  Smart contract regulation: impossible to enforce smart contracts with current law  Example: a decentralized program already launched and running is difficult to control, regulate, or sue for damages  Smart contracts impact not just contract law, but more broadly social contracts within society  What kind of social contracts do we humans want with technological entities? 35
  • 37. October 18, 2015 Crypto Enlightenment Cryptolaw and Societal Design Implications  Emerging that we need new ways of building societal shared trust through: 1. Transparency 2. Legal frameworks that are still relevant, but perhaps enacted at the level of the contract (not federal/state)  Not lawlessness, legal framework as a selectable parameter like jurisdiction (like Creative Commons license drop-downs) 3. More becomes ‘legal’ since monitoring is impossible  More tolerance of existing patterns of interaction in society  Result: Less deception; more truth, transparency, disclosure, acknowledgment  Everyone in the system is taking part consensually  Result: more self-determination of societal participants 36 http://www.amazon.com/Bitcoin-Blueprint-New-World-Currency/dp/1491920491
  • 38. October 18, 2015 Crypto Enlightenment Blockchains help Singularity-class Problems 37 http://www.amazon.com/Bitcoin-Blueprint-New-World-Currency/dp/1491920491  Blockchain functionality principles  Very-large scale automated system of checks and balances; all ‘transactions’ must confirm via reputation confirmation, algorithmic trust and smartnetwork consensus mechanisms  Friendly AI  Autonomous lab robots: On-chain DAC IP discovery tracking  Blockchain nano-compilers (worry: Grey Goo unchecked nanotech proliferation): signed like synbio  As physical-world engineers sign the bridges they build (literally, pride and responsibility), synbio engineers ‘sign’ DNA designs and building blocks (‘signing’ is unavoidable), and so too propositional nanotech constructions would be 1) signed by bona fide engineers, and 2) not be able to avoid having a traceable signature by befouled players (malicious or otherwise)
  • 39. October 18, 2015 Crypto Enlightenment Spacechains: Blockchains in Space 38 http://www.amazon.com/Bitcoin-Blueprint-New-World-Currency/dp/1491920491  Blockchains: not just Earth-class technology, an extra-terrestrial-class technology for space projects  Blockchains – not just to coordinate very-large Earth-class terrestrial projects like billion-member DNA databanks and EMRs, space-class problems too  Space Applications: Space settlement, terraforming, asteroid mining, fuel generation, bombardment monitoring, basic science observation; colored-coin ledgers for energy, settlement, transport, supplies  Terrestrial Applications: fragility alleviation  Data center back-up, geomagnetic solar protection, existential risk reduction, Bitcoin in space (BitSats (like CubeSats))
  • 40. October 18, 2015 Crypto Enlightenment Blockchain IOT 39 http://www.zdnet.com/article/internet-of-things-market-to-hit-7-1-trillion-by-2020-idc/, http://www.amazon.com/Bitcoin-Blueprint-New-World-Currency/dp/1491920491  M2M/IOT Bitcoin payment network to enable the machine economy  IOT 2020: 26 bn devices in a $7 tn market  The economic layer the web never had  Smarthome IOT networks  Self-mining ecologies  Privacy orchestration: devices, robotics, digital personal health assistants  Blockchains: economic principle-driven large-scale resource allocation and coordination mechanisms Smartcity Connected Car Coordination Smarthome IOT and Personal Robotics Coordination
  • 41. October 18, 2015 Crypto Enlightenment Blockchains: Global and Liberty-enhancing 40  Global governance for transnational organizations  WikiLeaks, ICANN, Wikipedia  Benefits of blockchain administration  Uplift to cloud from local jurisdictional regulations  Universal administration mechanism for global organizations  Structure promotes transparency, accountability, freedom  Namecoin: decentralized DNS http://www.forbes.com/sites/andygreenberg/2010/12/07/visa-mastercard-move-to-choke-wikileaks/ Snowden Affair
  • 42. October 18, 2015 Crypto Enlightenment Blockchain Government  Opt-in Personalized Government  Composting vs education  Reputation-based ID system, voting, dispute resolution, national income distribution, public documents registration and repository  Precedentcoin  Crowdsourced legal services, justice entrepreneurs, blockchain arbitration  Sidekik  On-demand tele-attorney, private police 41 http://www.bitnation.co/, https://bitcoinmagazine.com/17066/first-blockchain-wedding-2/, https://bitcoinmagazine.com/19813/sidekik-decentralized-video-streaming-storage/ World’s First Blockchain Marriage: David Mondrus and Joyce Bayo, October 5, 2014, Disney World FL, Coins in the Kingdom Bitcoin Conference, Jeffrey Tucker (Liberty.me) presiding
  • 43. October 18, 2015 Crypto Enlightenment Blockchain Representation and Voting  Futarchy, two-step program 1. Traditional vote on outcomes (ex: GDP) 2. Prediction markets to determine specific proposals for achieving the outcome  Delegative democracy (Liquid Democracy)  Voting power temporarily vested in delegates not long-term representatives  Group proposition development  Random Sample Elections  Randomly selected individuals vote on a single issue, blockchain orchestration 42 https://bitcoinmagazine.com/17066/first-blockchain-wedding-2/, http://www.bitnation-blog.com/latest-update-dec-22nd-2014/
  • 44. October 18, 2015 Crypto Enlightenment Blockchain Legal  Notary Service, Attestation  Register contracts, agreements, wills (Proof of Existence, Factom)  Register, protect, and transact IP (Monegraph, Ascribe)  How it works  Hash + timestamp + blockchain record 43 http://www.proofofexistence.com/
  • 45. October 18, 2015 Crypto Enlightenment Blockchain Science and What is Mining?  Mining is the process of adding transaction records to the public ledger by performing a computing task that is costly to execute but easy to verify  Issue: mining is purposefully wasteful to deter malicious players  ‘Green’ mining projects  Primecoin  Foldingcoin  Gridcoin  Zennet 44 http://www.righto.com/2014/02/bitcoin-mining-hard-way-algorithms.html, http://codinginmysleep.com/bitcoin-mining-in-plain-english/
  • 46. October 18, 2015 Crypto Enlightenment Blockchain Health  Blockchain technology in health-related applications 1. EMRs: Personal Health Record Storage and Access  Personal health records stored and administered via blockchain  Users key-permission doctors and other parties into records 2. Health Research Commons  Aggregated personal medical records, quantified self data commons (DNA.bits), genome and connectome files 3. Health Document Notary Services  Proof-of-insurance, test results, prescriptions, status, condition, treatment, physician referrals 4. Doctor Vendor RFP Services  (Like Uber drivers) doctors and health practices bid to supply medical services; automated bidding via tradenets 45 http://futurememes.blogspot.fr/2014/09/blockchain-health-remunerative-health.html
  • 47. October 18, 2015 Crypto Enlightenment Blockchain Genomics 46  Jurisdictional regulation prevents individuals from having access to their own genetic data http://genomesunzipped.org/2011/03/people-have-a-right-to-access-their-own-genetic-information.php
  • 48. October 18, 2015 Crypto Enlightenment Blockchain Art 47 http://cryptoart.com/  Fine art paper wallets
  • 49. October 18, 2015 Crypto Enlightenment Blockchain Art 48 https://bitcointalk.org/index.php?topic=98392.0  Cryptographic art
  • 50. October 18, 2015 Crypto Enlightenment Blockchain Art 49 Rio, Tel Aviv, Hamburg, Barcelona, Seoul, Tokyo, New York http://bitfilm.com/festival.html
  • 51. October 18, 2015 Crypto Enlightenment Blockchain Literacy  ‘Bitcoin MOOCs,’ ‘Kiva for literacy’  Peer-to-peer learning contracts  Literacy beyond reading  Technical, Agricultural, Vocational Literacy  Blockchain-based personal development contracts  QS-biometric utility function imputation and tracking  Maslow chains, subjectivation and actualization chains  Development Economics 2.0  Literacy contracts, remittances, blockchain-tracked aid, microcredit, decentralized credit bureaus  Open-source FICO scores  Peer-vouched reputation 50
  • 52. October 18, 2015 Crypto Enlightenment Agenda Bitcoin and the Age of Cryptocurrencies  Introduction  What is Bitcoin, blockchain, decentralization?  Stakes: Transition from labor economy to actualization economy  Crypto-Enlightenment  Rethinking Authority (Self, Society)  Philosophy of Immanence (open-ended upside)  Theory of Crypto Flourishing  Scarcity as a social pathology  Abundance theory of Flourishing  Practicalities and extensive blockchain applications 51
  • 53. October 18, 2015 Crypto Enlightenment Conclusions Abundance Theory of Flourishing  Individuals and communities taking more self-authority for economic and political system determination  Calling out immanence as open-ended upside shifts locus of focus to actualization and not sustenance  Abundance is immanent flourishing not just scarcity-as- a-social pathology resolution and post-scarcity economy  Individual  Cryptocitizen internally-specified reality and authority-taking  Self-determined economic and political systems  Society  Self-sustaining community peergrids, infrastructure hosting  The new polis is the micropolis 52 http://www.amazon.com/Bitcoin-Blueprint-New-World-Currency/dp/1491920491
  • 54. Stanford, Palo Alto CA, October 18, 2015 Slides: http://slideshare.net/LaBlogga Bitcoin and the Age of Cybercurrencies: The Crypto Enlightenment An Abundance Rethinking of Authority, Knowledge, and Organization Melanie Swan Philosophy & Economic Theory New School, New York NY melanie@BlockchainStudies.org Thank You! Questions?