1. The document discusses the development of the two-party system in the United States from 1870-1900, with intense voter loyalty to the Republican and Democratic parties. 2. There were well-defined voting blocs for each party along ethnic, religious, and class lines. 3. The federal government practiced laissez-faire policies with minimal intervention during this period.

1. B y: M s . S u s a n M .
P o je r
H o r a c e G r e e le y H S

3. 1. A T w o - P a r t y
S t a le m a t e

4. T w o -P a r t y
“ B a la n c e ”

5. 2.
In t e n s e
Vo te r
L o y a lt y
to the
Tw o
M a jo r

6. 3 . W e ll-D e f in e d
V o t i n g B l oRepublican
Democratic
c s
Bloc Bloc
 White southerners  Northern whites
(preservation of (pro-business)
white supremacy)
 African Americans
 Catholics
 Northern
 Recent immigrants Protestants
(esp. Jews)
 Old WASPs (support
 Urban working for anti-immigrant
poor (pro-labor) laws)
 Most farmers  Most of the middle
class

7. 4 . V e r y L a is s e z
F a From 1870-1900  a l G overy .
 i r e F e d e r Govt. did v t
little domestically.
 Main duties of the federal govt.:
 Deliver the mail.
 Maintain a national military.
 Collect taxes & tariffs.
 Conduct a foreign policy.
 Exception  administer the annual
Civil War veterans’ pension.

8. 5 . T h e P r e s id e n c y
a s a S y m b o lic
 Party bosses ruled.
O f f ic e
 Presidents should
avoid offending any
factions within their
own party.
 The President just Senator Roscoe Conkling
doled out federal jobs.
 1865  53,000 people worked for the federal govt.
 1890  166,000 “ “ “ “ “ “

9. 18 8 0 P r e s i d e n t i a l
E le c t io n :
R e p u b lic a n s
Half Breeds Stalwarts
Sen. James G. Blaine Sen. Roscoe Conkling
(Maine) (New York)
compromise
James A. Garfield Chester A. Arthur (VP)

10. 18 8 0 P r e s i d e n t i a l
E le c t io n : D e m o c r a t s

11. I n s p e c t in g t h e
De mo c r a t ic C u r io s it y
Shop

12. 18 8 0
P r e s id e n t ia l
E le c t io n

13. 18 8 1: G a r f ie ld
As s as s in a t e d !
Charles Guiteau:
I Am a Stalwart, and Arthur is
President now!

14. C he s te r A . A rthur:
T h e F o x in t h e
C h ic k e n C o o p ?

15. P e n d le t o n A c t
( 18 8 3 )
 Civil Service Act.
 The “Magna Carta” of
civil service reform.
 1883  14,000 out of
117,000 federal govt.
jobs became civil
service exam positions.
 1900  100,000 out of
200,000 civil service
federal govt. jobs.

16. R e p u b lic a n
 Reformers who w u m p s ”
“ M u g wouldn’t re-nominate
Chester A. Arthur.
 Reform to them  create a
disinterested, impartial govt. run by an
educated elite like themselves.
 Social Darwinists.
 Laissez faire government to them:
 Favoritism & the spoils system seen as
govt. intervention in society.
 Their target was political corruption,

17. Th e
Mugw u
mps
Men may come
and men may go,
but the work of
reform shall go
on forever.
 Will support
Cleveland in the
1884 election.

18. 18 8 4
P r e s id e n t ia l
E le c t io n
Grover Cleveland James Blaine
* (DEM) (REP)

19. A D ir t y
C a m p a ig n
Ma, Ma…where’s my pa?
He’s going to the White House, ha… ha… ha…!

20. L it t l e L o s t
M u g wu mp
Blaine in 1884

21. R u m, R o ma n is m &
R e b e  Led a delegation of
l l io n !
ministers to Blaine in
NYC.
 Reference to the
Democratic Party.
 Blaine was slow to
repudiate the remark.
 Narrow victory for
Dr. Samuel Burchard Cleveland [he wins NY
by only 1149 votes!].

22. 18 8 4
P r e s id e n t ia l
E le c t io n

23. C le v e la n d ’ s F ir s t
Te r m
 The “Veto Governor” from New York.
 First Democratic elected since 1856.
 A public office is a public trust!
 His laissez-faire presidency:
 Opposed bills to assist the poor as
well as the rich.
 Vetoed over 200 special pension bills
for Civil War veterans!

24. Br a v o , S e ñ o r
Cl e v e l a n d o !

25. T h e T a r if f Is s u e
 After the Civil War, Congress raised
tariffs to protect new US industries.
 Big business wanted to continue this;
consumers did not.
 1885  tariffs earned the US $100 mil.
in surplus!
 Mugwumps opposed it  WHY???
 President Cleveland’s view on tariffs????
 Tariffs became a major issue in the 1888
presidential election.

26. F il in g t h e
Ro u g h E d g e s
Tariff of 1888

27. 18 8 8 P r e s i d e n t i a l
E le c t io n
Grover Cleveland Benjamin Harrison
(DEM) * (REP)

28. C o min g Ou t f o r
Ha r r is o n

29. T h e S m a lle s t
S p e c im e n Ye t

30. 18 8 8
P r e s id e n t ia l
E le c t io n

31. Dis p o s in g t h e
S ur pl us

32. C h a n g in g
 Americans wantedu b l i c govt. to deal
P the federal
with growing soc. & eco. problems & to curb
the power of the trusts:i o n
O p in
 Interstate Commerce Act – 1887
 Sherman Antitrust Act – 1890
 McKinley Tariff – 1890
 Based on the theory that prosperity
flowed directly from protectionism.
 Increased already high rates another 4%!
 Rep. Party suffered big losses in 1890 (even
McKinley lost his House seat!).

33. 18 9 2 P r e s i d e n t i a l
E le c t io n
Grover Cleveland Benjamin Harrison
again! * (DEM) (REP)

34. 18 9 2
P r e s id e n t ia l
E le c t io n

35. C le v e la n d L o s e s
S up p o rt F a s t!
 The only President to serve two non-
consecutive terms.
 Blamed for the 1893 Panic.
 Defended the gold standard.
 Used federal troops in the 1894
Pullman strike.
 Refused to sign the Wilson-Gorman
Tariff of 1894.
 Repealed the Sherman Silver
Purchase Act.