Resource: Q4.11 Name: Next Gen Mobile Storage – UFS Date: 28-11-2011 Speaker: Yejin Moon

1. 1 / ?
Samsung Proprietary
Next Gen. Mobile Storage – UFS
2011.11.01
Yejin Moon
Product Planning Team
Semiconductor Division
SAMSUNG ELECTRONICS Co., LTD

2. Contents
1
2
3
Industry Movement for Mobile Storage
What’s UFS
Host Emulator

3. 3 /20
Samsung Proprietary
Storage I/F Long-term Trend
Application 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016
x86
Laptop
(2.5”)
Ultra-Thin
(mSATA ULT)
Tablet
ARM
Tablet /
Smartphone
SATA3.0
(600MB/s)
SATAe (PCIe)
(PCIe 3.0 1GB/s)
SATA3.0 SATAe (PCIe)
eMMC
(v4.4 : 100MB/s  v4.5: 200MB/s)
UFS
(v1.1: ~300MB/s  v2.0: >600MB/s )
NVMe (PCIe)
NVMe (PCIe)
PCIe and UFS will be dominant due to better scalability & more features
• SSD will move to PCIe for Highest throughput & lowest latency
• UFS is scalable ; Frequency scaling up & Multi-lane support
New

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Samsung Proprietary
Next Generation Mobile Storage
Applications drive performance (RT Apps Seamless Connectivity)
Higher IOPS and lower latency are required for Smartphone/Tablet.
• eMMC 4.x has some limits to compete the highest number now
New I/F protocol and architecture should be introduced
MB/s Seq. Read
25
75
100
eMMC4.4
150
eMMC 4.5
eMMC 4.4
50
eMMC4.4
3Q11.2Q 4Q 12.2Q
33
60
85
150
IOPS Ran. Write
100
250
500
750
3Q11.2Q 4Q 12.2Q 2Q
1000
600
220
120
1K
157 % 400 %
eMMC Performance Roadmap ’12 ~’13 eStorage Interface B/W Requirement
@ Smartphone
A
300 MB/s
~1GB/s
667MB/s 667MB/s
300 MB/s
200MB/s
’12~‘13‘14 ‘12 ‘13 ‘12 ‘13 ‘12 ‘13
200MB/s
250 UFS 1.1
250
12.2Q
2K
100 MB/s
2000
eMMC4.4
eMMC 4.5
eMMC 4.4
eMMC4.4
UFS 1.1
eMMC
4.5
B C D

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Samsung Proprietary
Samsung Forecast of eStorage Migration
Market will migrate to UFS from High-end to Mid/Low-end market.
• Phase1(2013~2014): Introducing to High-end market
• Phase2(2014~): Expanding to Mid/Low-end market
Application 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016
SAMSUNG UFS
Tablet
High
Mid- Low
Smartphone
High
Mid- Low
Game
CS,4Q
eMMC
UFSeMMC
Optimistic view Conservative view
UFS 1.1

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Samsung Proprietary
UFS Schedule
UFS 1.1
Density 16GB ~ 64GB
CS Schedule ’12.4Q
Interface Speed 3Gbps
Package size 11.5 x 13
Performance
Seq. Read 250MB/s
Seq. Write 75MB/s
Ran. Read 10K IOPS
Ran. Write 2.5K IOPS
Application 2012 2013 2014
1Q 2Q 3Q 4Q 1Q 2Q 3Q 4Q 1Q 2Q 3Q 4Q
SAMSUNG UFS
AP (w/ UFS support)
CS
UFS 1.1
B
C
D
ES CS
ES
E
A
Host Driver

7. Contents
1
2
3
Industry Movement for Mobile Storage
What’s UFS
Host Emulator

8. 8 /20
Samsung Proprietary
UFS Leverages High-Performance Standards
Designed from the ground-up to meet future mobile platform needs
• eMMC4.5 features and more (Asynch, Commands Queuing etc)
• Utilize MIPI M-PHY and Unipro standards for Physical/Link Layers
• Mobile Specific Serial Interface (Low Standby with PLL off & Fast wake-up)
• Flexible Speed Modes and Gears
• Utilize SCSI command protocol in operation
Configuration flexibility with seamless high IOPS performance
• Full utilization of multiple NAND operation
• Any heterogeneous commands can be executed in parallel
• Command can be transferred during other command’s operation
Extendable performance with multi-lanes providing many years of
runway
• 3Gbps  6Gbps
• 1 Lane  Multi-Lane

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Samsung Proprietary
Functional Features
Similar functional features as eMMC & more
• Support for boot partitions and Boot Operation Mode
• Supports multiple data partitions (LUNs) with management of p
artition attributes
• Write Protection options, including Permanent & Power-On Writ
e Protection
• Secure operations, Purge and Erase to enhance data security
• Support RPMB security function
• HW Reset Signal
• Support command queuing, asynchronous/out-of-order comma
nd execution

10. 10 /20
Samsung Proprietary
Layered Architecture
Command Protocol Layer:
• Supports SCSI as primary CMDs thru Application Layer
• Compliance with T10 SPC, SBC and SAM
UFS Transport Layer:
• Defined by JEDEC UFS specification
Data Link Layer: MIPI UniPro v1.4
• The Unified Protocol (UniPro) defines a layered protocol for
interconnecting devices and components within mobile device systems
Electrical Interface PHY Layer: MIPI M-PHY v1.0
• M-PHY is a low-power differential signal serial interface technology with
high bandwidth capabilities, which is particularly developed for mobile
applications to obtain low pin count combined with very good power
efficiency
M-PHY
SAM Compliant Application Layer
UFS Command Set (UCS) Task Manager
UFS Transport Protocol Layer (UTP)
Device
Manager
UniPro
UFS Interconnect Layer (UIC)
UDM_SAP
UIO_SAP
UTP_CMD_SAP UTP_TM_SAP
UIC_SAP

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Samsung Proprietary
UFS Host
Application
Driver
UFS
Driver
UFS Host
Controller
UFS
Host
Reg
UFS Device
Device
Level
Managing
Storage
Descriptors
LU-0
LU-N Storage
Control ConfigREF_CLK
RESET_n
DOUT_t
DOUT_c
DIN_t
DIN_c
UIC
MIPIUniProSM
MIPIM-PHYSM
UIC
MIPIUniProSM
MIPIM-PHYSM
UFS System Model
M-PHY, UniPro
UTP, SCSI
UFS HCI
• Abstraction for underlying HW architecture
• Management of DMA & queue
• Bus/link management
• Power management

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Samsung Proprietary
SCSI compliance
UFS requires a little or none on OS & Applications
Only required change will be the UFS host device driver and the
UFS HCI driver
Application Compliant with SCSI & eMMC
I/O Manager
File System
Storage Class Driver
UFS Device Driver
UFS HCI
Host Controller
S/W
H/W UFS Device
Compliant with eMMC 4.5 features
Compliant with SCSI
New Software driver - developed by UFSA
Standard HCI and Device drivers

13. 13 /20
Samsung Proprietary
Better throughput with better utilization
Synchronous
RDHost RD StorageWR WR
CMD RSPData CMD RSP
WR RD
Data
Host
eMMC
Read while Write
(Full duplex)
Host Storage
RX
TX RX
TXRD
WR
RX
TX RX
TX
RD
WR
RD RD
WR WR
RD
WR
RD
WR
RD
WR WR
Dual Write
(Multi Lane)
UFS
Asynchronous, out of order
WR
Data
Data
Data
WR
WR
RD
WR WR RD
Host
WR Data
Low Latency for Priority Request Better throughput
(Simultaneous read and write)
Single Thread Operation

14. 14 /20
Samsung ProprietaryCase 1 : Multi-Threaded applications
<Key Assumptions: Write takes 3x longer than read. Write-through mode. No storage cache available>
Time
Thread A
Thread B
Thread D
Thread C
WorkLoad
Time
UFS
SATA
W
W
R
R R R
W
R
R R
#1
#2
#3
#4
NAND
RW
W
W
R
R
W
W
R R R R R
R R R
W
W
W#1
#2
#3
#4
NAND
W
W
R
R RR R R
R R
R
R
R
R
R
Tx
Rx
Tx
Rx
R
Host
I/F
Host
I/F
Waiting for
completion
of write
Long idle
(Write delayed)
Simultaneous
Tx/Rx possible – Full duplex
Barrier
Full utilization of multiple NAND operation
• UFS : Any heterogeneous commands can be executed in parallel
- Command can be transferred during other command’s operation
• SATA: Parallel execution but limited by SATA protocol
Normalized
Throughput
UFS vs SSD
QuadRant_IO x1.79
RL_Bench x1.94
Web
Browsing
x2.49

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Samsung Proprietary
Time
Worst UX : Request delay due to Storage Write Busy.
Better User Experience: High Priority LU for time-critical application
Case 2 : Simultaneous operations for Multi-tasking
Suspended SuspendedSuspended
UFS
SATA
Partition 0
(High Priority LU)
Partition 1
Single Partition
App Download App Install
App
Download
App
Download
App
Install
Video
Playing
Video
Playing
App
Install
Delayed Start Delayed Completion Failed to meet deadline
Camera ShootingEvents Video Playing
Camera
Shooting
Camera
Shooting
Video
Playing
Video
Playing
App
Install
Code
execution
Code
execution
Code
execution
Long write
Media data read request
Media data read
Pending over 100ms
Write Issue Write Completion
eMMC4.5
(HPI)

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Samsung Proprietary
Key Features Comparison
eMMC4.5 UFS SATA
Interface Operation - Full Duplex , DFS Dual Simplex
Future Expandability N/A 6Gbps ~10Gbps, Multi-Lane 6Gbps
H/W reset Yes Yes No
Alternative Boot Yes Yes No  Rom
Multi-Partition Yes(4) Yes(8) No
Security feature
Trim Yes Yes Yes
Discard Yes Yes No
RPMB Yes Yes No
Secure Erase
Sanitize Sanitize No
Secure Trim
Performance
Feature
High Priority Interrupt Yes
Yes
(LU/Queue)
No
Back Ground
Operation Yes Yes No
Operation Mode Sync Async Async
Packed CMD Yes Command Queuing Command Queuing
Data Tag Yes Yes No
Context ID Yes Yes No
Cache Operation Yes Yes Yes
Reliability
Dynamic Capacity Yes Yes No
Power off notification Yes Yes No
Real Time Clock Yes Yes No
eMMC & UFS are good fits for mobile .
SATA is a good fit for PC, needs significant features for smart phone.

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Samsung Proprietary
Performance & Power Consumption Comparison
Random performance of UFS & SATA is improved by Command Queuing.
Active Power is dominated by the NAND Device.
eMMC & UFS are better than SATA in Standby Power.
eMMC4.5 UFS1.1 eSSD
Process 65nm 40nm 40nm
Life time 2012~2013 2013~2014 2013~2014
Architecture 1ch 4way 2ch 2way 2ch 2way
Density 32GB 32GB 32GB
Performance
Seq. Read 150MB/s 250MB/s 250MB/s
Seq. Write 70MB/s 75MB/s 75MB/s
Ran. Read 4.2K *1 10K*2 8K*3
Ran. Write 1K *1 2.5K*2 2K*3
Power
Active(W)** 1.11 1.14 1.2
Stby(mW) (25℃) 0.3 0.51 20**  ~3****
Wake up ms <5 <5 <20
*1 Assuming that using Packed command & Cache mode
*2 Assuming that using UFS Command Queue (1MB SRAM)
, Data Tag feature
*3 Assuming that using SATA NCQ (1MB SRAM)
* Toggle DDR2.0 MAX operation current is 80mA, 2ch 2way [320mA(3V)/960mW]
** SATA Slumber
*** SATA DEVSLP mode

18. Contents
1
2
3
Industry Movement for Mobile Storage
What’s UFS
Host Emulator

19. 19 /20
Samsung Proprietary
Test Framework SW for
UFS
UFS Device FPGA
Board / Real UFS
Device
UFS Host FPGA Board
UniPro
FTL
UniPro
Test Suite
(Total 365 test cases based
on UFS Spec v1.1 )
UFSHCI HIL
Samsung Test
Framework
Windows/PC Supplied
Windows Services
Storport Miniport Driver
(UFS DD)
File System
Storport Driver
PCIe Bus Driver
PCIe I/F PCIe I/F
UFS Host Controller
M-PHY UFS I/F M-PHYPCIe Lane
SATA Cable
UTP
Samsung
UFS H/W & S/W Development
1. Packet
Analyzer
2. Packet
Interpreter
3. IOMeter
1. CMD test
2. Conformance
test
3. User-defined
test
UFS Virtual Host : Virtual Test Framework
Virtual host system compliant with UFS 1.1.
Help device development possible w/o host
• Provide the FW development & Protocol /Command verification environment