This technical seminar discusses electronic paper (e-paper) and flexible displays. E-paper is a display that is flexible and can be bent like paper. It has a wide viewing angle and low power consumption. E-paper was first developed in the 1970s and works by having black and white particles move to the top or bottom of capsules to create an image. Flexible displays allow users to interact with devices by twisting, bending, and folding. E-paper has applications in electronic shelf labels, e-books, and could replace newspapers and books in the future. The seminar covers the history, construction, functionality, advantages, and applications of e-paper and flexible displays.

1. A technical
seminar on
Presented by: LOKESH JAIN
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2. Contents
 Objective
 Introduction
 History
 Construction
 Functionality
 Comparisons
 Present and future of E-paper
 Advantages & Disadvantages
 Application
 Conclusion
 References 2

3. Objective
 To understand the electronic flexible display
 To reduce the breaking of glass of mobile phones
 To reduce the extra weight in your pocket for carrying
smartphones
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4.  A flexible display is a display
which is flexible in nature
 E-Paper is also called Electronic
Paper or Electronic Ink Display
 E-Paper have a wide viewing angle
 E-Paper phone is made by e-
paper, and users is allowed to bend
body of phone cause it is flexible
Fig.1:Flexible display
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5. Cont…..
 E-Paper Phone performs
everything same as a smartphone
 The flexible display allows users to
interact with the phone by twisting,
bending and folding in different
manners across both the vertical
and horizontal planes
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6. What makes flexible electronic
display attractive?
• Rugged
• Light weight
• Very thin
• The ability to curve,flex,roll,fold
• Portability
• Low power
• Non-breakable
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7. History of Electronic Paper
• First developed in the 1970’s by Nick Sheridon
at Xerox’s Palo Alto Research Center
• First Electronic Paper was called Gyricon
• 1990’s- Joseph Jacobsen created another
version of E-paper
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8. How the image seen on the E-paper
 Black particle move to top of
microcapsule and white particle
move to bottom of microcapsule
where they become visible,making
the pixel
 To increase the resolution of image
each microcapsule can be
controlled by more than one
electrode on each side,allowing it to
appear half black and half white
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9. Construction of E-Paper
 It has two different parts
Front plane
Back plane
 The front plane consist of E-ink
 The back plane consist of electronic circuits
 To form an E-ink electronic display the ink
is printed onto a plastic film that is laminated
to a layer of circuitry
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10. Functionality
 The new paper phone is made of two layers: the e-ink display
and a flexible printed circuit with bend sensors
 Flexible printed circuit with resistive bend circuits, which are
used to identify the bending of the display screen
 The user actually chooses the function by bending the PCB
 For example: you can choose to bend the upper-right corner to
make a call, or bend the lower left to listen to music
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11. Cont....
 We have software that collects the values given by the bend
sensors
 These gestures are then fed into a gesture-recognition engine
trained to associate certain movements with certain instructions
 For example: bending the bottom corner of
the display down will move one contact down
when navigating through a contact list
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12. Comparison of E-paper & LCD
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13. Applications
• Electronic shelf labels in Grocery stores- cuts out time it
takes for workers to change labels for specials or new items
• No Knob Etch-a-sketches- children draw with electronic ink
then erase with the push of a button
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14. Future of E-paper
 Improve hardware that can
refresh page quickly
 More advanced wireless
capabilities
 Epaper reader may soon
replace the present newspaper
and books
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16. Lower cost in the future
Light weight & flexible
plastic
Wider viewing angles &
improved brightness
Better power efficiency
UV sensitivity
Less Lifetime
Expensive Manufacturing
Susceptible to water
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17.  Smart Phone with a functional flexible electrophoretic display
and integrated bend sensors
 Small, Compatible and Low power consumption
 Paper Phone uses the glare-free screen technology & feels a
little more like paper
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18. References
[1] Lahey, Byron, et al. "PaperPhone: understanding the use of
bend gestures in mobile devices with flexible electronic paper
displays", Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human
Factors in Computing Systems. ACM, pp. 1303-1312, 2011
[2] Warren, Kristen, et al. "Bending the rules: bend gesture
classification for flexible displays." Proceedings of the SIGCHI
Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems. ACM, PP
(607-610), 2013
[3] "The Future of Electronic Paper". The Future of
Things. Retrieved 12 February 2013
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20. Queries???
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