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Deferred Rendering Techniques in Dying Light

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Maciej Jamrozik
Maciej Jamrozik

The document discusses deferred rendering used in Dying Light. It begins with an agenda and overview of deferred shading and why it was used. Key reasons included having over 250k objects with multiple materials and thousands of lights with day-night cycles and weather changes. The document then covers the G-Buffer format, including encoding specular and diffuse values together, storing normals, roughness, and mask values. It describes optimizing the G-Buffer layout to be simple, slim, lossless, and physically based.

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Deferred Rendering in Dying Light
Agenda Deferred shading - why? G-Buffer Questions?
Deferred shading - why?
Deferred shading - why? >250K objects
Deferred shading - why? >250K objects Multiple materials
Deferred shading - why? >250K objects Multiple materials Thousands of lights
Deferred shading - why? >250K objects Multiple materials Thousands of lights Day-night cycle
Deferred shading - why? >250K objects Multiple materials Thousands of lights Day-night cycle Changing weather
Deferred shading - why? Deferred Shading vs Forward Rendering ● Separated scene and lighting rendering SCENE
Deferred shading - why? Deferred Shading vs Forward Rendering ● Separated scene and lighting rendering ○ G-Buffer SCENE
Deferred Shading vs Forward Rendering ● Separated scene and lighting rendering ○ G-Buffer ● Improved lighting rendering performance ○ Scene complexity independency Deferred shading - why?
Deferred Shading vs Forward Rendering ● Separated scene and lighting rendering ○ G-Buffer ● Improved lighting rendering performance ○ Scene complexity independency ○ Object material & geometry complexity independency Deferred shading - why?
Deferred shading - why? Deferred Shading vs Forward Rendering ● Separated scene and lighting rendering ○ G-Buffer ● Improved lighting rendering performance ○ Scene complexity independency ○ Object material & geometry complexity independency ● Simpler rendering pipeline ○ Easy light handling
Deferred shading - why? Deferred Shading vs Forward Rendering ● Separated scene and lighting rendering ○ G-Buffer ● Improved lighting rendering performance ○ Scene complexity independency ○ Object material & geometry complexity independency ● Simpler rendering pipeline ○ Easy light handling ○ No material-light litght shader combinations
Deferred shading - why? Not only lights ● Complex materials ● Scene overdraw ● Consistency ● Lighting model independency ● Deferred Linear Space
Deferred shading - why? Not only lights ● Complex materials ● Scene overdraw ● Consistency ● Lighting model independency ● Deferred Linear Space
Deferred shading - why? Not only lights ● Complex materials ● Scene overdraw ● Consistency ● Lighting model independency ● Deferred Linear Space
Deferred shading - why? Not only lights ● Complex materials ● Scene overdraw ● Consistency ● Lighting model independency ● Deferred Linear Space
Deferred shading - why? Not only lights ● Complex materials ● Scene overdraw ● Consistency ● Lighting model independency ● Deferred Linear Space
G-Buffer
G-Buffer Limitations X Y Z W R G B A Z-Buffer
G-Buffer Limitations X Y Z W R G B A
G-Buffer Limitations Needs (PBR) X Y Z W R G B A Normal (XYZ) Specular (RGB) Diffuse (RGB) Roughness Human Skin Translucency Leaves
G-Buffer How? X Y Z W R G B A Normal (XYZ) Specular (RGB) Diffuse (RGB) Roughness Human Skin Translucency Leaves ?
G-Buffer How? Solutions ● Lower resolution X Y Z W R G B A Normal (XYZ) Specular (RGB) Diffuse (RGB) Roughness Human Skin Translucency Leaves ?
G-Buffer How? Solutions ● Lower resolution ● Spherical Normals X Y Z W R G B A Normal (XYZ) Specular (RGB) Diffuse (RGB) Roughness Human Skin Translucency Leaves ?
G-Buffer How? Solutions ● Lower resolution ● Spherical Normals ● YUV X Y Z W R G B A Normal (XYZ) Specular (RGB) Diffuse (RGB) Roughness Human Skin Translucency Leaves ?
G-Buffer How? Solutions ● Lower resolution ● Spherical Normals ● YUV ● ? X Y Z W R G B A Normal (XYZ) Specular (RGB) Diffuse (RGB) Roughness Human Skin Translucency Leaves ?
G-Buffer ● Specular & Diffuse
G-Buffer ● Specular & Diffuse ● PBR Materials ○ Metals ○ Dielectrics Specular Diffuse Metals bright colorful black Dielectrics dark monochromatic full range colorful
G-Buffer ● Specular & Diffuse ● PBR Materials ○ Metals ○ Dielectrics ● Conclusions ○ Metals needs only RGB ○ Dielectrics needs only RGB + Gray ○ Non-overlaping ranges Specular Diffuse Metals bright colorful black Dielectrics dark monochromatic full range colorful
G-Buffer ● Specular & Diffuse ● PBR Materials ○ Metals ○ Dielectrics ● Conclusions ○ Metals needs only RGB ○ Dielectrics needs only RGB + Gray ○ Non-overlaping ranges ● PBR needs (real) Specular Diffuse Metals bright colorful black Dielectrics dark monochromatic full range colorful RGB Alpha Metal specular color 0 (black) Dielectric diffuse color Dielectric specular
G-Buffer ● Specular & Diffuse ● PBR Materials ○ Metals ○ Dielectrics ● Conclusions ○ Metals needs only RGB ○ Dielectrics needs only RGB + Gray ○ Non-overlaping ranges ● PBR needs (real) ○ Lossless Specular Diffuse Metals bright colorful black Dielectrics dark monochromatic full range colorful RGB Alpha Metal specular color 0 (black) Dielectric diffuse color Dielectric specular
G-Buffer ● Encoding rgb = dielectric ? diffuse.rgb : specular.rgb alpha = dielectric ? specular.g : 0.0
G-Buffer ● Encoding rgb = dielectric ? diffuse.rgb : specular.rgb alpha = dielectric ? specular.g : 0.0 ● Decoding Specular = (alpha > 0.0) ? alpha : rgb; Diffuse = (alpha > 0.0) ? rgb : 0.0;
G-Buffer Specular & Diffuse Normal (XYZ) Specular (RGB) Diffuse (RGB) Roughness Human Skin Translucency Leaves
G-Buffer Specular & Diffuse Normal (XYZ) Specular/Diffuse (RGB) Specular (SD) Roughness Human Skin Translucency Leaves
G-Buffer Specular & Diffuse Roughness Normal (XYZ) Specular/Diffuse (RGB) Specular (SD) Roughness Human Skin Translucency Leaves
G-Buffer Specular & Diffuse Roughness Masks ● subsurface scattering ● dielectrics only ● binary values ● exclusive Normal (XYZ) Roughness Specular/Diffuse (RGB) Specular (SD) Human Skin Translucency Leaves
G-Buffer Diffuse/Specular alpha channel - human skin Normal (XYZ) Roughness Specular/Diffuse (RGB) Specular (SD) Human Skin Translucency Leaves
G-Buffer Diffuse/Specular alpha channel - human skin M Dielectric Specular 0 1 255
G-Buffer Diffuse/Specular alpha channel - human skin M Dielectric Specular H 0 1 254 255
G-Buffer Diffuse/Specular alpha channel - translucency ● simple subsurface scattering M Dielectric Specular H 0 1 254 255
G-Buffer Diffuse/Specular alpha channel - translucency ● simple subsurface scattering ● varying specular M Dielectric Specular H 0 1 254 255
G-Buffer Diffuse/Specular alpha channel - translucency ● simple subsurface scattering ● varying specular ● signed format? M Dielectric Specular H 0 1 254 255
G-Buffer Diffuse/Specular alpha channel - translucency ● simple subsurface scattering ● varying specular ● signed format? ● encoding/decoding - single mad instruction (alpha * 2.0 - 1.0) H Translucent Dielectric Specular M M Dielectric Specular H 0 1 126 127 128 129 254 255 -1.0 0.0 1.0
G-Buffer Diffuse/Specular alpha channel - translucency ● simple subsurface scattering ● varying specular ● signed format? ● encoding/decoding - single mad instruction (alpha * 2.0 - 1.0) ● encoded specular inversion - abs() H Translucent Dielectric Specular M M Dielectric Specular H 0 1 max min 126 127 128 129 min max 254 255 -1.0 0.0 1.0
G-Buffer Diffuse/Specular alpha channel - leaves ● simplified lighting for tree crowns H Translucent Dielectric Specular M M Dielectric Specular H 0 1 max min 126 127 128 129 min max 254 255 -1.0 0.0 1.0
G-Buffer Diffuse/Specular alpha channel - leaves ● simplified lighting for tree crowns ● no specular H Translucent Dielectric Specular M M Dielectric Specular H 0 1 max min 126 127 128 129 min max 254 255 -1.0 0.0 1.0
G-Buffer Diffuse/Specular alpha channel - leaves L Translucent Dielectric Specular M M Dielectric Specular H 0 1 max min 126 127 128 129 min max 254 255 -1.0 0.0 1.0
Final layout (almost) Normal (XYZ) Roughness Specular/Diffuse (RGB) M/SD/H/T/L G-Buffer
G-Buffer Final layout Normal (XYZ) M/SD/H/T/L Specular/Diffuse (RGB) Roughness
G-Buffer Final layout - summary ● simple (en)coding Normal (XYZ) M/SD/H/T/L Specular/Diffuse (RGB) Roughness
G-Buffer Final layout - summary ● simple (en)coding ● slim Normal (XYZ) M/SD/H/T/L Specular/Diffuse (RGB) Roughness
G-Buffer Final layout - summary ● simple (en)coding ● slim ● lossless Normal (XYZ) M/SD/H/T/L Specular/Diffuse (RGB) Roughness
G-Buffer Final layout - summary ● simple (en)coding ● slim ● lossless ● PBR correct Normal (XYZ) M/SD/H/T/L Specular/Diffuse (RGB) Roughness
Questions?

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Deferred Rendering Techniques in Dying Light

  • 2. Agenda Deferred shading - why? G-Buffer Questions?
  • 4. Deferred shading - why? >250K objects
  • 5. Deferred shading - why? >250K objects Multiple materials
  • 6. Deferred shading - why? >250K objects Multiple materials Thousands of lights
  • 7. Deferred shading - why? >250K objects Multiple materials Thousands of lights Day-night cycle
  • 8. Deferred shading - why? >250K objects Multiple materials Thousands of lights Day-night cycle Changing weather
  • 9. Deferred shading - why? Deferred Shading vs Forward Rendering ● Separated scene and lighting rendering SCENE
  • 10. Deferred shading - why? Deferred Shading vs Forward Rendering ● Separated scene and lighting rendering ○ G-Buffer SCENE
  • 11. Deferred Shading vs Forward Rendering ● Separated scene and lighting rendering ○ G-Buffer ● Improved lighting rendering performance ○ Scene complexity independency Deferred shading - why?
  • 12. Deferred Shading vs Forward Rendering ● Separated scene and lighting rendering ○ G-Buffer ● Improved lighting rendering performance ○ Scene complexity independency ○ Object material & geometry complexity independency Deferred shading - why?
  • 13. Deferred shading - why? Deferred Shading vs Forward Rendering ● Separated scene and lighting rendering ○ G-Buffer ● Improved lighting rendering performance ○ Scene complexity independency ○ Object material & geometry complexity independency ● Simpler rendering pipeline ○ Easy light handling
  • 14. Deferred shading - why? Deferred Shading vs Forward Rendering ● Separated scene and lighting rendering ○ G-Buffer ● Improved lighting rendering performance ○ Scene complexity independency ○ Object material & geometry complexity independency ● Simpler rendering pipeline ○ Easy light handling ○ No material-light litght shader combinations
  • 15. Deferred shading - why? Not only lights ● Complex materials ● Scene overdraw ● Consistency ● Lighting model independency ● Deferred Linear Space
  • 16. Deferred shading - why? Not only lights ● Complex materials ● Scene overdraw ● Consistency ● Lighting model independency ● Deferred Linear Space
  • 17. Deferred shading - why? Not only lights ● Complex materials ● Scene overdraw ● Consistency ● Lighting model independency ● Deferred Linear Space
  • 18. Deferred shading - why? Not only lights ● Complex materials ● Scene overdraw ● Consistency ● Lighting model independency ● Deferred Linear Space
  • 19. Deferred shading - why? Not only lights ● Complex materials ● Scene overdraw ● Consistency ● Lighting model independency ● Deferred Linear Space
  • 21. G-Buffer Limitations X Y Z W R G B A Z-Buffer
  • 23. G-Buffer Limitations Needs (PBR) X Y Z W R G B A Normal (XYZ) Specular (RGB) Diffuse (RGB) Roughness Human Skin Translucency Leaves
  • 24. G-Buffer How? X Y Z W R G B A Normal (XYZ) Specular (RGB) Diffuse (RGB) Roughness Human Skin Translucency Leaves ?
  • 25. G-Buffer How? Solutions ● Lower resolution X Y Z W R G B A Normal (XYZ) Specular (RGB) Diffuse (RGB) Roughness Human Skin Translucency Leaves ?
  • 26. G-Buffer How? Solutions ● Lower resolution ● Spherical Normals X Y Z W R G B A Normal (XYZ) Specular (RGB) Diffuse (RGB) Roughness Human Skin Translucency Leaves ?
  • 27. G-Buffer How? Solutions ● Lower resolution ● Spherical Normals ● YUV X Y Z W R G B A Normal (XYZ) Specular (RGB) Diffuse (RGB) Roughness Human Skin Translucency Leaves ?
  • 28. G-Buffer How? Solutions ● Lower resolution ● Spherical Normals ● YUV ● ? X Y Z W R G B A Normal (XYZ) Specular (RGB) Diffuse (RGB) Roughness Human Skin Translucency Leaves ?
  • 30. G-Buffer ● Specular & Diffuse ● PBR Materials ○ Metals ○ Dielectrics Specular Diffuse Metals bright colorful black Dielectrics dark monochromatic full range colorful
  • 31. G-Buffer ● Specular & Diffuse ● PBR Materials ○ Metals ○ Dielectrics ● Conclusions ○ Metals needs only RGB ○ Dielectrics needs only RGB + Gray ○ Non-overlaping ranges Specular Diffuse Metals bright colorful black Dielectrics dark monochromatic full range colorful
  • 32. G-Buffer ● Specular & Diffuse ● PBR Materials ○ Metals ○ Dielectrics ● Conclusions ○ Metals needs only RGB ○ Dielectrics needs only RGB + Gray ○ Non-overlaping ranges ● PBR needs (real) Specular Diffuse Metals bright colorful black Dielectrics dark monochromatic full range colorful RGB Alpha Metal specular color 0 (black) Dielectric diffuse color Dielectric specular
  • 33. G-Buffer ● Specular & Diffuse ● PBR Materials ○ Metals ○ Dielectrics ● Conclusions ○ Metals needs only RGB ○ Dielectrics needs only RGB + Gray ○ Non-overlaping ranges ● PBR needs (real) ○ Lossless Specular Diffuse Metals bright colorful black Dielectrics dark monochromatic full range colorful RGB Alpha Metal specular color 0 (black) Dielectric diffuse color Dielectric specular
  • 34. G-Buffer ● Encoding rgb = dielectric ? diffuse.rgb : specular.rgb alpha = dielectric ? specular.g : 0.0
  • 35. G-Buffer ● Encoding rgb = dielectric ? diffuse.rgb : specular.rgb alpha = dielectric ? specular.g : 0.0 ● Decoding Specular = (alpha > 0.0) ? alpha : rgb; Diffuse = (alpha > 0.0) ? rgb : 0.0;
  • 36. G-Buffer Specular & Diffuse Normal (XYZ) Specular (RGB) Diffuse (RGB) Roughness Human Skin Translucency Leaves
  • 37. G-Buffer Specular & Diffuse Normal (XYZ) Specular/Diffuse (RGB) Specular (SD) Roughness Human Skin Translucency Leaves
  • 38. G-Buffer Specular & Diffuse Roughness Normal (XYZ) Specular/Diffuse (RGB) Specular (SD) Roughness Human Skin Translucency Leaves
  • 39. G-Buffer Specular & Diffuse Roughness Masks ● subsurface scattering ● dielectrics only ● binary values ● exclusive Normal (XYZ) Roughness Specular/Diffuse (RGB) Specular (SD) Human Skin Translucency Leaves
  • 40. G-Buffer Diffuse/Specular alpha channel - human skin Normal (XYZ) Roughness Specular/Diffuse (RGB) Specular (SD) Human Skin Translucency Leaves
  • 41. G-Buffer Diffuse/Specular alpha channel - human skin M Dielectric Specular 0 1 255
  • 42. G-Buffer Diffuse/Specular alpha channel - human skin M Dielectric Specular H 0 1 254 255
  • 43. G-Buffer Diffuse/Specular alpha channel - translucency ● simple subsurface scattering M Dielectric Specular H 0 1 254 255
  • 44. G-Buffer Diffuse/Specular alpha channel - translucency ● simple subsurface scattering ● varying specular M Dielectric Specular H 0 1 254 255
  • 45. G-Buffer Diffuse/Specular alpha channel - translucency ● simple subsurface scattering ● varying specular ● signed format? M Dielectric Specular H 0 1 254 255
  • 46. G-Buffer Diffuse/Specular alpha channel - translucency ● simple subsurface scattering ● varying specular ● signed format? ● encoding/decoding - single mad instruction (alpha * 2.0 - 1.0) H Translucent Dielectric Specular M M Dielectric Specular H 0 1 126 127 128 129 254 255 -1.0 0.0 1.0
  • 47. G-Buffer Diffuse/Specular alpha channel - translucency ● simple subsurface scattering ● varying specular ● signed format? ● encoding/decoding - single mad instruction (alpha * 2.0 - 1.0) ● encoded specular inversion - abs() H Translucent Dielectric Specular M M Dielectric Specular H 0 1 max min 126 127 128 129 min max 254 255 -1.0 0.0 1.0
  • 48. G-Buffer Diffuse/Specular alpha channel - leaves ● simplified lighting for tree crowns H Translucent Dielectric Specular M M Dielectric Specular H 0 1 max min 126 127 128 129 min max 254 255 -1.0 0.0 1.0
  • 49. G-Buffer Diffuse/Specular alpha channel - leaves ● simplified lighting for tree crowns ● no specular H Translucent Dielectric Specular M M Dielectric Specular H 0 1 max min 126 127 128 129 min max 254 255 -1.0 0.0 1.0
  • 50. G-Buffer Diffuse/Specular alpha channel - leaves L Translucent Dielectric Specular M M Dielectric Specular H 0 1 max min 126 127 128 129 min max 254 255 -1.0 0.0 1.0
  • 51. Final layout (almost) Normal (XYZ) Roughness Specular/Diffuse (RGB) M/SD/H/T/L G-Buffer
  • 52. G-Buffer Final layout Normal (XYZ) M/SD/H/T/L Specular/Diffuse (RGB) Roughness
  • 53. G-Buffer Final layout - summary ● simple (en)coding Normal (XYZ) M/SD/H/T/L Specular/Diffuse (RGB) Roughness
  • 54. G-Buffer Final layout - summary ● simple (en)coding ● slim Normal (XYZ) M/SD/H/T/L Specular/Diffuse (RGB) Roughness
  • 55. G-Buffer Final layout - summary ● simple (en)coding ● slim ● lossless Normal (XYZ) M/SD/H/T/L Specular/Diffuse (RGB) Roughness
  • 56. G-Buffer Final layout - summary ● simple (en)coding ● slim ● lossless ● PBR correct Normal (XYZ) M/SD/H/T/L Specular/Diffuse (RGB) Roughness