This document outlines the process for oral administration of medications. It discusses key aspects like prescription requirements, generic vs trade names, legal responsibilities, common routes of administration, and the steps to follow for oral administration. These include gathering supplies, preparing medications one at a time while double checking against the patient's chart, properly identifying the patient, explaining the purpose and administration to the patient, assisting the patient as needed, recording administration, and following up after to monitor the patient's response. Nursing considerations like assessments, potential diagnoses, teaching plans, and evaluating outcomes are also reviewed.

1. Oral Administration Of
Medications
Mahesh Chand
Nursing Tutor

2. Drug/ medication
Substance administered for the diagnosis,
treatment, or relief of a symptom or for the
prevention of diseases.

3. Prescription
• Written directions for the
preparation and
administration of a drug

4. Generic name and Trade name
• Genric name:Name given before a drug
becomes officially approved as a
medication.
• Trade name: easy to remember name
given by manufactuters.
• Eg:
Trade name : Crocin
Generic name : Paracitamol.

5. Legal Aspects of Administering
Medications
– Nursing practice acts
– Responsibility for actions
– Question any order that appears unreasonable
– Refuse to give the medication until the order is
clarified

6. Routes of drug administration
• Local
• Systemic

7. Oral Medications
• In oral administration the drug is swallowed. It
is the most common, least expensive, and
most convenient route for most clients

8. Parts of a Medication Order
– Full name of the client
– Date and time the order written
– Name of drug to be administered
– Dosage
– Frequency of administration
– Route of administration
– Signature of person writing the order

9. Articles for the procedure
Articles number
Steel Tray 1
Drinking water in a Jug 1
prescription
Medicines prescribed
Medicine Cup 1
Pill crusher or tablet
cutter
if required
Kidney tray and paper bag

10. Procedure Togive oral medication.
1.Gather equipment. Check each medication order
against original physician’s order according to
agency policy. Check patient’s chart for allergies.
2. Know actions, special nursing consideration, and
adverse effects of medications to be administered.
3. Perform proper hand hygiene.

11. 4. Move medication cart outside patient’s room
or prepare for administration in medication
area.
5. Unlock medication cart or drawer.
6. Prepare medications for one patient at a time.
7. Select proper medication from drawer or stock
and compare with Kardex or order. Check
expiration dates and perform calculations if
necessary.

12. 8. Recheck each medication package or
preparation with the order as it is poured.
9. When all medications for one patient have been
prepared, recheck once again with the medication
order before taking them to patient.
10. Carefully transport medications topatient’s
bedside. Keep medications in sight at all times.
11. See that patient receives medications atthe
correct time.

13. 12. Identify the patient carefully. There arethree correct
ways to do this.
a. Check name on patient’s identification bracelet.
b. Ask patient his or her name.
c. Verify patient’s identification with a staff
member who knows patient.
13. Complete necessary assessments before
administration of medications. Check allergy bracelet
or ask patient about allergies. Explain purpose and
action of each medication to patient.
14. Assist patient to an upright orlateral position.

14. 15. Administermedications.
a. Offer water or other permitted fluids with pills, capsules,
tablets, and some liquid medications.
b. Ask patient’s preference regarding medications to be taken
by hand or in cup and one at a time or all at once.
c. If capsule or tablet falls to the floor, discard it and
administer a new one.
d. Record and fluid intake I-O measurement is ordered.
16. Remain with patient until each medication is swallowed, she
or he cannot record drug as having been administered.

15. 17. Perform handhygiene.
18. Record each medication given on
medication chart or record using required
format.
a) If drug was refused or omitted, record this
in appropriate area on medication record.
19. Check on patient within 30 minutes ofdrug
administration to verify response to medication.

17. Nursing Process
• Assessment:
• Attitude about medication use
• Knowledge of therapy
• Learning needs

18. Nursing Diagnoses
• Deficient knowledge (medications)
• Noncompliance (medications)
• Disturbed sensory perception
• Impaired swallowing
• Ineffective therapeutic regimen
management

19. Planning
• Goals and outcomes
– Example:
Client will verbalize therapeutic and
adverse effects of medications
• Continuity of care

20. Implementation
• Client and family teaching
• Medication orders: receipt, communication
• Calculation and measurement
• Correct administration technique
• Recording

21. Special Considerations
• Infants and children
• Older adults
– Self-prescribing
– Over-the-counter medications
– Misuse
– Noncompliance

22. Evaluation
• Client response to medications
• Client and family ability to administer
medications

23. Questions????