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Crowdsourcing and Cultural
Heritage
Mia Ridge, @mia_out
Digital Curator, British Library
Fondren Library, Rice University, 7 March 2016
Overview
• What
• Why
• Who
• Emerging best practice
• Exercises - try and discuss
http://museumgam.es
Hands up!
• Do you work with:
– Text
– Images
– Audio/video
– Objects
– Stories / memories / knowledge?
• Does your mission include education,
outreach or engagement?
• Does you work with volunteers? Students?
What is crowdsourcing?
Crowdsourcing in cultural heritage
Asking the public to help with tasks that
contribute to a shared, significant goal or
research interest related to cultural heritage
collections or knowledge.
The activities and/or goals should be inherently
rewarding.
Basically...
Transforming input content into output content
...via a powerful purpose and / or enjoyable
tasks that people want to help you with
Crowdsourcing and related terms
• User-generated content
• Human computation
• Citizen science, citizen history, citizen
humanities
• Academic (e.g. humanities) crowdsourcing
• Community-sourcing, nichesourcing
• Cognitive surplus
• 'the wisdom of crowds'
• 19th Century natural history
collecting
• 1849 Smithsonian weather
observation project
• 1857, 1879 Oxford English
Dictionary appeals
• WWII Soldiers given a Field
Collector's Manual in Natural
History by the US Museum of
Natural History
James Murray, editor, OED, with contributor slips
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:James-Murray.jpg
Crowdsourcing before the web
What is crowdsourcing?
reCAPTCHA
Heritage crowdsourcing
examples
National Library of Australia: Trove
178 million lines of text corrected...
...rewards reinforce motivation
FamilySearch
Transcribe Bentham
Art UK Tagger
http://artuk.org/tagger/
PCF Image Recognition
https://newspapers.ushmm.org/
Exercise: compare front pages
Go to: http://tinyurl.com/TryCrowdsourcing
Compare pairs of sites: how good is the front
page at making you want to participate in a
project?
More examples
British Library Georeferencer
http://www.bl.uk/maps/
British Library LibCrowds
http://www.libcrowds.com/
British Library LibCrowds
http://www.libcrowds.com/
Reading Experience Database
http://www.open.ac.uk/Arts/reading/UK/
10 Most Wanted
Crowdsourcing and Cultural Heritage workshop
Translation - Duolingo
Micropasts photo-masking
Example outputs
• Links between content
(relationships)
• Ratings/Votes
• Tags
• Corrections
• Transcriptions
• Descriptions
• Geo-coordinates
• Images, multimedia
• Game levels
• Research
• Object identification
• Family records
• Objects, documents
• Personal experiences,
memories
Questions?
Why crowdsourcing?
Why crowdsourcing in GLAMs?*
• Digitisation backlog: collections are big,
resources are small
GLAMs = Galleries, Libraries, Archives, Museums
Why crowdsourcing in GLAMs?
• Fix the 'semantic gap', enhance discoverability
Why crowdsourcing in GLAMs?
• Access external specialist expertise
Why crowdsourcing in GLAMs?
• Support needs of scholarly researchers e.g.
participant transcription, DIY digitisation
Why crowdsourcing in GLAMs?
• Create engaging experiences for the public,
meaningful forms of participation
Why crowdsourcing in GLAMs?
• Create environments for learning skills -
palaeography, classification, contextualisation,
humanistic or scientific analysis
Who contributes and why?
Who participates in crowdsourcing?
• People who are passionate about your subject
/ people who like doing the task you're
offering
• Super-volunteers and lots of other people
• Amateurs, professionals, 'pro-ams'
• People who can't volunteer in regular hours or
at your venues
Super-contributors and passers-by
http://blog.oldweather.org
Motivations for participation
• Altruistic
– helping to provide an accurate record of local
history
• Intrinsic
– reading 18thC handwriting is an enjoyable puzzle
or they're interested in the subject
• Extrinsic
– an academic collecting a quote from a primary
source
Extrinsic motivations
http://gwap.com
Intrinsic motivations for participation
• fun
• the pleasure in doing
hobbies
• the enjoyment in
learning
• mastering new skills,
practicing existing skills
• recognition
• community
• passion for the subject
State Library of Queensland, Australia
https://secure.flickr.com/photos/statelibraryqueensland/3198305152/
Motivations and Galaxy Zoo
I am interested in astronomy 46%
I enjoy looking at the beautiful galaxy images 16
I can meet other people with similar interests 6
I am excited to contribute to original scientific research 22
I can look at galaxies that few people have seen before 8
I had a lot of fun categorising the galaxies 11
I am happy to help 7
I find the site and forums helpful in learning about astronomy 10
I am interested in science 4
I find Galaxy Zoo to be a useful resource for teaching other people 2
I am amazed by the vast scale of the universe 24
I am interested in the Galaxy Zoo project 8
Crowdsourcing Cultural Heritage with Mia Ridge and Ben Brumfield at HILT
Motivations and Your Paintings Tagger
I am interested in paintings 85.5%
I like working with people with similar interests 12.3
I am excited to be contributing to research into paintings 60.8
I can look at paintings that few people have seen before 50.5
I have fun categorising the paintings 55
I am happy to help with a national project like Your Paintings 76.3
I find Tagger helpful in learning about paintings 45.6
I find Tagger to be a useful resource for teaching other people 15.7
I am impressed by the wide range of the national collection of paintings 51.5
Crowdsourcing Cultural Heritage with Mia Ridge and Ben Brumfield at HILT
Motivations as design guide
People crave:
• satisfying work to do
• the experience of
being good at
something
• time spent with people
we like
• the chance to be a part
of something bigger
(Jane McGonigal, 2009)
Questions?
Designing
crowdsourcing
projects
Exercise: try projects
Go to: http://tinyurl.com/TryCrowdsourcing
How clear was the purpose of the project?
• Were the steps to complete the task clear?
• How enjoyable was the task?
• Did the reward (if any) feel appropriate?
• Did you notice any friction or barriers?
• Did the site anticipate your questions about
the tasks?
Concepts for reviewing projects
• The 'call to action'
– Is the first step toward participating obvious?
– Is the type of task, source material and output obvious?
• Probable audience
– Can you tell who the project wants to reach?
– Does text trigger their motivations for starting, continuing?
– How are they rewarded?
– Are there any barriers to their participation?
• Data input and data produced
– What kinds of tasks create that data?
– How are contributions validated?
• How productive, successful overall?
Designing crowdsourcing projects
• Interface and interaction design
• Project design
Crowdsourcing and Cultural Heritage workshop
Interface design for crowdsourcing
• Demonstrate a close match between the
crowdsourcing project and the mission of the
organisation running it
• Show, don't tell - let people see the impact of
their contributions
• 'Validate procrastination' - give people an
altruistic excuse to spend time on your tasks
Crowdsourcing and Cultural Heritage workshop
Interface design for crowdsourcing
• Design for 'super taggers' and for people who
do just one or two tasks
• Design different tasks for different contexts
Smithsonian 'mini projects'
Designing for motivation
• Match 'microcopy' messages to motivations
• Match tasks and rewards to motivations
• Anticipate which motivations might change
over course of a project
Simple tasks as stepping stones
http://www.fossilfinder.org/
Designing for on-going participation
• Support increasing mastery
• Promote participants to new skills, new roles
within project
• Support emergence of a community
NYPL 'What's on the Menu?'
Design for participation
• Make it easy for people to do the right thing
• Scaffold the experience: tightly defined tasks,
reduce uncertainty about quality of
contribution, provide feedback on progress
Design for 'flow'
• Clear sense of goals
• Feedback on progress towards goals
• Skills matched to challenge
• Attention focused
on task
• 'in the moment'
• Not worried
about external
factors
Exercise: lessons from game design
Go to http://git.io/2048
Spend 2 minutes trying it out
Did you understand what to do?
Did you want to keep playing?
Moral: start with the simplest task possible
Exercise: lessons from game design
Inspiration from casual games
• Easy-to-learn game-play
• Simple controls
• 'Forgiving' game-play with low risk of failure
• Carefully managed complexity levels with a
shallow learning curve, guidance through
early levels, and inclusive, accessible themes
• Sense of rapid progress and achievement
Inspiration from casual games
• Build any tests for skill or experience
requirements into the interface
• Build tutorials for new skills into application at
the point where its needed; provide good
feedback on actions
Questions?
Project design
• Plan to store and process results from
crowdsourcing
• Allow time for community interaction and
marketing
• Design projects that contribute to your
engagement strategy and digitisation goals
• Release early and often (if you can)
• Reality check your plans
Marketing and outreach
• Call to action and tagline should explain
what's unique about your project
• Start with what people already love and share
about your collections
• Updates as outreach
– Achievements, progress towards goals
– Highlight participant discoveries, questions
#party host
https://www.flickr.com/photos/nlireland/5786204856
Crowdsourcing as hosting a party
Task ecosystems
http://buildinginspector.nypl.org/
The growth of platforms
Exercise: planning crowdsourcing
• Who already loves and/or uses your collections?
• What motivates them? What rewards can you
design to match their motivations?
• Which material needs what kind of work?
• Do any existing platforms meet most of your
needs?
• What potential barriers could you turn into tasks?
• How will you resource community interaction?
• How would a project support your mission,
engagement strategy and digitisation goals?
Thank you!
Mia Ridge @mia_out
Digital Curator, British Library
Knowledge Exchange Event & MGS Digital Transformation
Network meeting, 2 December 2, 2015
The Kelvingrove Art Gallery & Museum
Crowdsourcing and Cultural Heritage workshop

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Crowdsourcing and Cultural Heritage workshop

  • 1. Crowdsourcing and Cultural Heritage Mia Ridge, @mia_out Digital Curator, British Library Fondren Library, Rice University, 7 March 2016
  • 2. Overview • What • Why • Who • Emerging best practice • Exercises - try and discuss
  • 4. Hands up! • Do you work with: – Text – Images – Audio/video – Objects – Stories / memories / knowledge? • Does your mission include education, outreach or engagement? • Does you work with volunteers? Students?
  • 6. Crowdsourcing in cultural heritage Asking the public to help with tasks that contribute to a shared, significant goal or research interest related to cultural heritage collections or knowledge. The activities and/or goals should be inherently rewarding.
  • 7. Basically... Transforming input content into output content ...via a powerful purpose and / or enjoyable tasks that people want to help you with
  • 8. Crowdsourcing and related terms • User-generated content • Human computation • Citizen science, citizen history, citizen humanities • Academic (e.g. humanities) crowdsourcing • Community-sourcing, nichesourcing • Cognitive surplus • 'the wisdom of crowds'
  • 9. • 19th Century natural history collecting • 1849 Smithsonian weather observation project • 1857, 1879 Oxford English Dictionary appeals • WWII Soldiers given a Field Collector's Manual in Natural History by the US Museum of Natural History James Murray, editor, OED, with contributor slips https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:James-Murray.jpg Crowdsourcing before the web
  • 13. National Library of Australia: Trove
  • 14. 178 million lines of text corrected...
  • 21. Exercise: compare front pages Go to: http://tinyurl.com/TryCrowdsourcing Compare pairs of sites: how good is the front page at making you want to participate in a project?
  • 31. Example outputs • Links between content (relationships) • Ratings/Votes • Tags • Corrections • Transcriptions • Descriptions • Geo-coordinates • Images, multimedia • Game levels • Research • Object identification • Family records • Objects, documents • Personal experiences, memories
  • 34. Why crowdsourcing in GLAMs?* • Digitisation backlog: collections are big, resources are small GLAMs = Galleries, Libraries, Archives, Museums
  • 35. Why crowdsourcing in GLAMs? • Fix the 'semantic gap', enhance discoverability
  • 36. Why crowdsourcing in GLAMs? • Access external specialist expertise
  • 37. Why crowdsourcing in GLAMs? • Support needs of scholarly researchers e.g. participant transcription, DIY digitisation
  • 38. Why crowdsourcing in GLAMs? • Create engaging experiences for the public, meaningful forms of participation
  • 39. Why crowdsourcing in GLAMs? • Create environments for learning skills - palaeography, classification, contextualisation, humanistic or scientific analysis
  • 41. Who participates in crowdsourcing? • People who are passionate about your subject / people who like doing the task you're offering • Super-volunteers and lots of other people • Amateurs, professionals, 'pro-ams' • People who can't volunteer in regular hours or at your venues
  • 43. Motivations for participation • Altruistic – helping to provide an accurate record of local history • Intrinsic – reading 18thC handwriting is an enjoyable puzzle or they're interested in the subject • Extrinsic – an academic collecting a quote from a primary source
  • 45. Intrinsic motivations for participation • fun • the pleasure in doing hobbies • the enjoyment in learning • mastering new skills, practicing existing skills • recognition • community • passion for the subject State Library of Queensland, Australia https://secure.flickr.com/photos/statelibraryqueensland/3198305152/
  • 46. Motivations and Galaxy Zoo I am interested in astronomy 46% I enjoy looking at the beautiful galaxy images 16 I can meet other people with similar interests 6 I am excited to contribute to original scientific research 22 I can look at galaxies that few people have seen before 8 I had a lot of fun categorising the galaxies 11 I am happy to help 7 I find the site and forums helpful in learning about astronomy 10 I am interested in science 4 I find Galaxy Zoo to be a useful resource for teaching other people 2 I am amazed by the vast scale of the universe 24 I am interested in the Galaxy Zoo project 8 Crowdsourcing Cultural Heritage with Mia Ridge and Ben Brumfield at HILT
  • 47. Motivations and Your Paintings Tagger I am interested in paintings 85.5% I like working with people with similar interests 12.3 I am excited to be contributing to research into paintings 60.8 I can look at paintings that few people have seen before 50.5 I have fun categorising the paintings 55 I am happy to help with a national project like Your Paintings 76.3 I find Tagger helpful in learning about paintings 45.6 I find Tagger to be a useful resource for teaching other people 15.7 I am impressed by the wide range of the national collection of paintings 51.5 Crowdsourcing Cultural Heritage with Mia Ridge and Ben Brumfield at HILT
  • 48. Motivations as design guide People crave: • satisfying work to do • the experience of being good at something • time spent with people we like • the chance to be a part of something bigger (Jane McGonigal, 2009)
  • 51. Exercise: try projects Go to: http://tinyurl.com/TryCrowdsourcing How clear was the purpose of the project? • Were the steps to complete the task clear? • How enjoyable was the task? • Did the reward (if any) feel appropriate? • Did you notice any friction or barriers? • Did the site anticipate your questions about the tasks?
  • 52. Concepts for reviewing projects • The 'call to action' – Is the first step toward participating obvious? – Is the type of task, source material and output obvious? • Probable audience – Can you tell who the project wants to reach? – Does text trigger their motivations for starting, continuing? – How are they rewarded? – Are there any barriers to their participation? • Data input and data produced – What kinds of tasks create that data? – How are contributions validated? • How productive, successful overall?
  • 53. Designing crowdsourcing projects • Interface and interaction design • Project design
  • 55. Interface design for crowdsourcing • Demonstrate a close match between the crowdsourcing project and the mission of the organisation running it • Show, don't tell - let people see the impact of their contributions • 'Validate procrastination' - give people an altruistic excuse to spend time on your tasks
  • 57. Interface design for crowdsourcing • Design for 'super taggers' and for people who do just one or two tasks • Design different tasks for different contexts
  • 59. Designing for motivation • Match 'microcopy' messages to motivations • Match tasks and rewards to motivations • Anticipate which motivations might change over course of a project
  • 60. Simple tasks as stepping stones http://www.fossilfinder.org/
  • 61. Designing for on-going participation • Support increasing mastery • Promote participants to new skills, new roles within project • Support emergence of a community
  • 62. NYPL 'What's on the Menu?'
  • 63. Design for participation • Make it easy for people to do the right thing • Scaffold the experience: tightly defined tasks, reduce uncertainty about quality of contribution, provide feedback on progress
  • 64. Design for 'flow' • Clear sense of goals • Feedback on progress towards goals • Skills matched to challenge • Attention focused on task • 'in the moment' • Not worried about external factors
  • 65. Exercise: lessons from game design Go to http://git.io/2048 Spend 2 minutes trying it out
  • 66. Did you understand what to do? Did you want to keep playing? Moral: start with the simplest task possible Exercise: lessons from game design
  • 67. Inspiration from casual games • Easy-to-learn game-play • Simple controls • 'Forgiving' game-play with low risk of failure • Carefully managed complexity levels with a shallow learning curve, guidance through early levels, and inclusive, accessible themes • Sense of rapid progress and achievement
  • 68. Inspiration from casual games • Build any tests for skill or experience requirements into the interface • Build tutorials for new skills into application at the point where its needed; provide good feedback on actions
  • 70. Project design • Plan to store and process results from crowdsourcing • Allow time for community interaction and marketing • Design projects that contribute to your engagement strategy and digitisation goals • Release early and often (if you can) • Reality check your plans
  • 71. Marketing and outreach • Call to action and tagline should explain what's unique about your project • Start with what people already love and share about your collections • Updates as outreach – Achievements, progress towards goals – Highlight participant discoveries, questions
  • 74. The growth of platforms
  • 75. Exercise: planning crowdsourcing • Who already loves and/or uses your collections? • What motivates them? What rewards can you design to match their motivations? • Which material needs what kind of work? • Do any existing platforms meet most of your needs? • What potential barriers could you turn into tasks? • How will you resource community interaction? • How would a project support your mission, engagement strategy and digitisation goals?
  • 76. Thank you! Mia Ridge @mia_out Digital Curator, British Library Knowledge Exchange Event & MGS Digital Transformation Network meeting, 2 December 2, 2015 The Kelvingrove Art Gallery & Museum