This document discusses the use of robots in the food processing industry. It begins by defining industrial robots according to the British Automation and Robot Association and International Standards Organization. It then provides a brief history of industrial robots, noting that the first modern robot was developed in 1959. The document outlines the various types of robots used in food processing, including articulated, SCARA, and delta robots. It discusses specific applications of robots in areas like cartoning, labeling, palletizing, and dairy, meat, and fruit/vegetable processing. Sensory robots like electronic noses and tongues are also summarized. In conclusion, the document discusses the benefits of robots for food manufacturers but also notes their high costs.

1. Presented By-
Aman Chhibber
M. Sc. Food Science & Technology
Roll No. RH1425A10
Registration No. 11409419
The Future of Food Processing
Industry
Masters Seminar (FOT 591)
On

2. Definition by:- British Automation and Robot Association (BARA)
An industrial robot is a reprogrammable device designed both
to manipulate and/or transport parts, tools, or specified
manufacturing implements through variable programmed
motions, for the performance of specific manufacturing tasks.
Definition by:- International Standards Organization (ISO)
An automatically controlled, re-programmable, multipurpose,
manipulative machine with several degrees of freedom,
which may be either fixed in place or mobile for use in
industrial automation applications.

3. In 1956, George Devol and Joe Engelberger established
a company called Unimation, a shortened form of the
words Universal Animation.
The first modern industrial robot, called Unimate, were
developed by George Devol and Joe Engelberger in
1959.
Engelberger formed Unimation and was the first to
market robots. As a result, Engelberger has been called
as the 'father of robotics.'

4. WORLD ROBOT POPULATION

5. Potential Benefits From Robotics System
 The requirement for reduced floor space
 Good hygiene levels
 Improved efficiency
 Improved quality
 The ability to work in cold or hostile environments
 Increased yields and reduced wastage
 Increased consistency
 Increased flexibility for some operations

6.  Aerospace
 Automotive manufacturing and supply
 Chemical, rubber and plastics manufacturing
 Electrical and electronics
 Entertainment-movie making
 Food stuff and beverage manufacturing
 Glass, ceramics and mineral production
 Printing
 Wood and furniture manufacturing

9. Bakery
Bottling/Beverages
Confectionaries
Dairy
Fast Food/Snacks Produce
Meat
Stand-up pouches, sachets
Pillow style pouches

10. Types of Robots used in food industry
The main types of robots used in the food industry are
Portal robots:
 Portal robots are mounted robotic systems that span a cubic
handling area by means of three linear axes
 The actual robotic kinematics (the moving axes) are located
above the mounting
Articulated robots:
 Articulated robots are industrial robots with multiple
interacting jointed arms that can be fitted with grippers or
tools
 Articulated robots offer a high degree of flexibility

11. SCARAs:
 Selective Compliance Assembly robot Arms, or SCARAs,
are a particular form of articulated robots
 They have a single articulated arm that can only move
horizontally. They work in a similar way to human arms
and are often called ‘horizontal articulated arm robots’
Delta robots:
 Spider-like delta robots a special form of parallel robot
typically have three to four articulated axes with
stationary actuators. Because their actuators are located in
the base, these kinds of robots have only a small inertia.
This allows for very high speeds and acceleration
(Khodabandehloo, 1996)

13. Components of Robots

14. AREA OF WORK
 Cartoning
 Cleaning
 Coding and Marking
 Conveyors
 Filling
 Form Fill Seal
Inspection
Labelling
Packing
Palletising & De-
palletising
Wrapping
Handling

16. CARTONING
Motoman robotics :Yaskawa Electric Corporation

17. Cost:-$85,000 to $95,000
Cost in Rs:- Rs 3,931,250 to Rs 4,393,750
FANUC Robotics America, Inc.

18. LABELLING
CODING AND MARKING
FANUC Robotics America, Inc.SATO Asia Pacific . Ltd

20.  This is an area in which a multitude of products, applications
and packaging line set-ups. Frozen food, bakery and
confectionary, ice cream, meat and fish, cheese, pet food,
medical products, shampoo and perfume bottles
Delta robot is more commonly used

21. Liquibox Pakaging solutions,
Cost :- $3,243.2 cost in Rs:- Rs 1,50,000 onwards

23.  Yield control, legislation, difficulties in staff availability will increase commercial
pressures and encourage more meat processor organisations to automate, simply to
maintain throughput (Balkcom et al., 2008)
 Initially many meat automation research projects developed spoke robots for their
particular task (Ranger et al ., 2004 )
 The main aim of using an industrial robot is to reduce production costs and
occupational injuries while improving process efficiency and hygiene
Robotics in Meat Processing

24. • Primal cutting
(ARTEPP)
• Splitting • Deboning
• Removal of
hair or hide of
pig , cattle/ cow
(KUKA robot)
• Evisceration and
Dressing

25.  Stunning

26. Robotics in Fruits and Vegetables Processing
 The first automated grading facilities for fruit and vegetables
became available more than 10 years ago
 A grading system using robots has been developed for use
with deciduous fruits such as peaches, pears, and apples.
System automatically picks fruit from containers and
inspects all sides of the fruit (Kondo, 2003)
 Robot technology has proved able to handle agricultural
products delicately and with a high degree of precision, and
to gather information to create a database of products every
season

27. Application in Fruits and Vegetables
Harvesting of food products :
 Industrial Robot (1999) reports that, in the last 15 years,
mechanisation in farming has increased massively and the
labour force has shrunk proportionately
 Kondo et al. (1996) developed a fruit harvesting robot for
use in Japanese agriculture systems which commonly
produce crops in greenhouses and in small fields
 Reed et al. (2001) developed an end-effector for the
delicate harvesting of mushrooms

28.  Ceres et al. (1998) designed and implemented a human
aided fruit-harvesting robot (Agribot)
 The Agribot approaches the problem of fruit picking by
combining human and machine operations

30. Grading of Fruits and Vegetables

31. Robotics in Dairy Industry
 Robotic or automatic milking systems (AMS) are becoming
increasingly important in dairy farming
 Automatic Milking Systems (AMS) milk cows any time without
the need for a human worker to be present
 Cows choose when to be milked and detailed data is recorded by
the robot which can be accessed remotely by computer or mobile
device
 Relatively small base, robotic milking has been predicted to
become increasingly common
 DeKoning and Rodenburg (2014) estimated that Internationally
there were around 5,200 machines in operation in 2014

32. MILKING ROBOT
This systems cost approximately: $190,524[: Fullwood. (UK) Merlin AMS

33. CROSS SECTION OF TEAT CUP
Teat Chamber
Rubber Liner
Stainless Steel
Shell
Pulsation
Chamber
Vacuum
Vacuum or
atmosphere
CROSS SECTION OF TEAT CUP
-Pulsator allows air
into chamber
-liner collapses
CROSS SECTION OF TEAT CUP
Collapsed liner
massages teat
causes milk flow
to stop
Liner collapses,
teat stretches
CROSS SECTION OF TEAT CUP
Vacuum removes
air, liner
opens
CROSS SECTION OF TEAT CUP
Milk removed
from teat by
vacuum when
liner is open
CROSS SECTION OF TEAT CUPCROSS SECTION OF TEAT CUP
Pulsator repeats
process

34. SENSORY ROBOTICS
1)Electronic Nose
2)Electronic Tongue
3)Electronic Chewing machine

35. Uses the pattern of responses from an array of gas
sensors to examine and identify a gaseous sample

36. Inhaling  Pump
Mucus  Filter
Olfactory Epithelium  Sensors
Binding With Proteins  Interaction
Enzymatic Reactions  Reaction
Cell Membrane Depolarized  Signal
Nerve Impulses  Circuitry & Neural Network

37. Vapor
Array of
Sensors
Pattern Recognition
Result
Array
of
Signals
BASIC DESIGN OF AN ELECTRONIC NOSE

38.  FUNCTION: Identify gases and quantify
concentrations (ppb- ppt)
 APPLICATION: Air, Water, Soil, Plant
volatiles.
 PRINCIPLE: SAW sensor(s) & Micro-GC
 PROS: Quick (10 sec), Small, Sensitivity,
Remote option
 CONS: so far none
 COST: $19, 450 - $24, 950+
http://www.estcal.com/Products.html
ELECTRONIC NOSE (S)

39. http://www.businessplans.org/Vusion/Vusion00.html
 FUNCTION: Identify chemical composition of
liquids
 APPLICATION: Dissolved organics & inorganics,
Aquatic mold growth, Soil analysis
 PRINCIPLE: 100’s of microsensors on chip,
Colors change depending on chemicals,
Results read by camera on a chip
 PROS: Cheap, Disposable, Qualitative, Quantitative,
Several analyses simultaneously
 CONS: Not commercially available in US
 COST: Inexpensive
http://www.alpha-mos.com/proframe.htmL
ELECTRONIC TONGUE (ET)

40. What is an electronic tongue ?
Taste cell
Nerve cell
Taste compounds
Electric
responses
Brain
Taste
reception
Biological taste system
Artificial liquid system - electronic tongue
Sensor
responses ComputerSensor
array
Pattern
recognition
Y. Vlasov, A. Legin, A. Rudnitskaya, Anal. Bioanal. Chem. 2002, 373, 136.

41. It can be used to:
Analyze flavour ageing in beverages (for instance fruit
juice, alcoholic or non alcoholic drinks, flavoured milks…)
Quantify bitterness or “spicy level” of drinks or dissolved
compounds (e.g. bitterness measurement and prediction)
Quantify taste masking efficiency of formulations (tablets,
syrups, powders, capsules, lozenges…)

42. A schematic representation of
the artificial mouth apparatus
Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry vol:-May 5, 2008
 Reproduce the result of
mastication
 Chewing, the release of
saliva
 The rate of food breakdown
 And the temperature all
affect the flavor and smell
of food before it’s
swallowed.
Munch-o-matic: Scientists develop the Artificial Mouth

43. The $70 billion food and beverage industry & $24 billion FMCG
industry has an annual growth rate of 20 per cent.
With the Indian economy expected to grow at the rate of six to
eight per cent, the $14 billion logistic industry is poised for a leap
thereby providing a huge potential for palletizing robots.
This heavy duty palletizing Robots are claimed to safely load
goods of about 700 kg to 1300kg.
Palletizing robots are very useful in loading and wrapping big
and heavy goods & are typically used by FMCG, logistics and
consumer goods companies.

44. CONCLUSION
Robots will help Indian manufacturers to increase
productivity & quality, leading to increased profitability.
Sensory robots provides solutions for Accuracy, sensitivity
of the process and safety of Human Sensors.
The high acquisition costs continues to be the main barrier
for the expansion of this technique.
 While factors related dependency of humans on robots need
to be considered seriously.

45. Erzincanli F. and Sharp J. M. 1997. Meeting the need for robotic
handling of food products, Food Control, Vol. 10 (4), : 185-190
Hillerton Eric J. 1997. Milking equipment for robotic milking,
Computers and Electronics in Agriculture (17): 41-51.
Luque de Castro M.D, Torres P. 1995. Where is analytical laboratory
robotics going? Trends in analytical chemistry, vol. 74 (10), :492 -
495.
Wallin Peter j. 1997 Robotics in the food industry : An update, Trends
in Food Science & Technology Vol. 81: 193-198.
Kondo N (2003) Fruit grading robot. In Proceedings of IEEE/ASME
International Conference on Advanced Intelligent Mechatronics on
CD-ROM, July 20–24 2003, Kobe, Japan