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ESS 3092: KINESIOLOGY
Week 6
+
Back and
Abdomen
3
+
Shoulder Girdle - Posterior
Trapezius
Rhomboid major & minor
Levator Scapulae
TrapeziusOrigin
 spinous process (T), skull
Insertion
 lateral clavicle, acromion
process, scapular spine
Location
 posterior
Movements
 elevation (upper & middle),
 depression (lower)
 retraction (adduction)
 upward rotation (middle &
lower)
p. 66
Rhomboid Major & Minor
Origin
 spinous process (C7, T1-5)
Insertion
 medial border of scapula
Location
 posterior/medial
Movements
 downward rotation
 elevation
 retraction
p. 69
Levator Scapulae
Origin
 transverse processes (C)
Insertion
 Superior angle of scapula
Location
 posterior
Movements
 elevation (primary)
 retraction, downward rotation
(assists)
p. 68
+
Trunk & Spinal Column
Chapter 12
Bones & bony landmarks
Joint Structure
Movements
Muscles surrounding the joint
+
Vertebral Column
One of most complex parts
 protects spinal cord
24 articulating vertebrae
5 regoins
 4 curves; support
+
Curves
 absorption of shock
Cervical
 support head
Thoracic
 present at birth
Lumbar
 develops: wt bearing
Sacrococcygeal
 fused
Posterior Convex
Bony Landmarks
 spinous process
 transverse process
 body
 odontoid process/dens
 skeleton
 superior & inferior
articular process
C
T
L
Thoracic Cavity
RIBS
 true (7)
 false (5)
 floating (2)
 costal cartilage
STERNUM
 manubrium
 body
 costal facets
 xiphoid process
Key Bony Landmarks
 Neck muscles
 Mastoid process
 Cervical (spinous & transverse)
 Thoracic (spinous & transverse)
 Manubrium
 Clavicle (medial)
 Posterior spine muscles
 Cervical (spinous & transverse)
 Thoracic (spinous & transverse)
 Posterior ribs
 Anterior trunk muscles
 Xiphoid process
 Ribs
 Costal cartilage (ribs)
 Iliac & pubic crest
+
Vertebral Column
Cervical Joints
Atlanto-occipital
 Occipital condyles, 1st vertebrae
 Flexion, extension (sag)
Atlanto-axial
 Atlas (C1), axis (C2)
 Rotation
 Pivot-joint
 Most mobile
Odontoid
Process
VERTEBRAL COLUMN Joints
Articulation b/w vertebral bodies
Anterior segment
 Vertebral bodies (cartilaginous)
 Intervertebral disc
Posterior segment (gliding)
 Transverse & spinous processes
 Intervertebral joints
T L
+
Intervertebral Disc
Bears & distributes load
Mobility
Nucleus pulposus
 75-90% water
+ Vertebral Movement
Greatest mobility
 one curve ends then next begins
Exaggerated curve (vs flat & rigid)
 increased mobility
 flat back – loss of lumbar lordosis
Cervical & lumbar
 most mobile
+
Vertebral Movement
Layers of the Intrinsic Back Muscles
 Superficial Layer
 Both Splenius muscles
 Intermediate Layer
 Erector Spinae (bilateral and
ipsilateral action)
 Designated by region from
medial to lateral
 Designated by insertion
 Deep Layer
 Interconnect and stabilize the
vertebra
 Small muscles that make fine
adjustments to vertebra
19
VERTEBRAL COLUMN
Muscles
CERVICAL
LUMBAR
+ Cervical Muscles
Capitis
 originate C vertebrae
 insert occipital bone
Anterior- flexors
 lateral flexion
Posterior – extensors
 Rotation
 lateral flexion
+
Neck - Cervical
Largest & most powerful
 Sternocleidomastoid (pg 279) Lateral
 Splenius- 2 (pg 281) Posterior
SternocleidomastoidOrigin
 Sternal manubrium,
medial clavicle
Insertion
 Mastoid process of
temporal bone
Location: Lateral
Movements
 Flexion
 Lateral (ipsilateral) flexion
 Rotation (contralateral)
Splenius Capitis
Origin (inferior)
 Spinous process of C7-T4
Insertion
 Mastoid process & occipital bone
Location: Posterior
Movements
 Cervical Spine: Extension
 Ipsilateral rotation, ipsilateral flexion
+
Splenius Capitis
 Synergist: Semispinalis capitis and cervicis, Splenius cervicis,
Spinalis cervicis, Interspinales, Longissimus cervicis,
Iliocostalis cervicis
 Antagonist: Sternocleidomastoid and others
25
+
Splenius Cervicis
 O: Lig nuchae (T3-C6)
 I: Transverse process of C1-C4
 Location: Posterior
 Movements
 Cervical Spine: Extension
 Ipsilateral rotation, ipsilateral flexion
 Synergist: Semispinalis capitis Spinalis
cervicis, Interspinales
 Antagonist: Sternocleidomastoid and others
26
Back and ab (part 1)
Semispinalis
Origin
 Transverse processes of
C4-T7
Insertion
 Occipital bone
Location: Posterior
Movements
 Cervical Spine: Extension
Contralateral rotation
Trunk - Lumbar
Anterior
 Rectus Abdominis
 External Oblique
 Internal Oblique
Posterior
 Erector Spinae
+
Divisions of the sacrospinalis (aka
Erector spinae)
30
Lateral Column. Intermediate Column. Medial Column.
Iliocostalis Longissimus Spinalis.
(a) I. lumborum. (a) L. dorsi. (a) S. dorsi.
(b) I. dorsi. (b) L. cervicis. (b) S. cervicis.
(c) I. cervicis. (c) L. capitis. (c) S. capitis.
Erector Spinae
(sacrospinalis) Origin
 Sacrum, spinous processes of
lower two thoracic & all
lumbar
 Insertion
 Transverse and spinous
processes as well as ribs and
skull
 Location: Posterior
 Movements (spine)
 Extension (C & L)
 Ipsilateral flexion
 (C & L)
Iliocostalis Longissimus Spinalis
+
Erector Spinae
 Muscle is thickest in S & L regions
 most movement
 Controls forward flexion
 Extension of trunk
 Posterior stability
 posture
Rectus Abdominis
Origin
 Pubic crest
Insertion
 Cartilage of ribs 5-7,
xiphoid process
Location: anterior
Movements (LS)
 Trunk flexion
Rectus Abdominis
Controls
 Post pelvic tilt & curvature LS
 Flattens lower back
 What effect does this have on
erector spinae & hip flexors?
 more effective
Definition
 3 depressions
 area of tendinous connective tissue
External Oblique
Origin
 Lateral side of ribs 5-12
Insertion
 Anterior iliac crest, pubic crest
Location:
 Lateral/Anterior
Movements
 Flexion (together)
 Ipsilateral flexion
 Contralateral rotation
(independently)
Internal Oblique
Origin
 Anterior iliac crest and
inguinal ligament
Insertion
 Cartilage of ribs 8-10 and
linea alba
Location:
anterior/medial
Movements
 Flexion
 Ipsilateral flexion
Fiber direction
+
Internal Obliques
37
+
What functions do the anterior trunk
muscles play?
 In what order from superficial to deep are these layers?
 Functions:
 Flexion (forward and lateral)
 Rotation
38
+
Transverse abdominus
39
+
Transverse abdominis
 Origin: Thoracolumbar fascia, lower 6 ribs, iliac crest
 Insertion: Pubis, abdominal aponeurosis
 Functions:
 Forced expiration
 Spinal stabilization
 Compression of abdominal viscera
 Expulsion of abdominal contents, including but not limited to babies!
40
+
Exercise
 Find: Acromian Process
 Cocochoid process
 Greater tubercle
 Medial and lateral epicondyles
 Spine of scapula
 Inferior angle of scapula
 Iliac crest
 C7 and L1
41

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Back and ab (part 1)

  • 3. + Shoulder Girdle - Posterior Trapezius Rhomboid major & minor Levator Scapulae
  • 4. TrapeziusOrigin  spinous process (T), skull Insertion  lateral clavicle, acromion process, scapular spine Location  posterior Movements  elevation (upper & middle),  depression (lower)  retraction (adduction)  upward rotation (middle & lower) p. 66
  • 5. Rhomboid Major & Minor Origin  spinous process (C7, T1-5) Insertion  medial border of scapula Location  posterior/medial Movements  downward rotation  elevation  retraction p. 69
  • 6. Levator Scapulae Origin  transverse processes (C) Insertion  Superior angle of scapula Location  posterior Movements  elevation (primary)  retraction, downward rotation (assists) p. 68
  • 7. + Trunk & Spinal Column Chapter 12 Bones & bony landmarks Joint Structure Movements Muscles surrounding the joint
  • 8. + Vertebral Column One of most complex parts  protects spinal cord 24 articulating vertebrae 5 regoins  4 curves; support
  • 9. + Curves  absorption of shock Cervical  support head Thoracic  present at birth Lumbar  develops: wt bearing Sacrococcygeal  fused Posterior Convex
  • 10. Bony Landmarks  spinous process  transverse process  body  odontoid process/dens  skeleton  superior & inferior articular process C T L
  • 11. Thoracic Cavity RIBS  true (7)  false (5)  floating (2)  costal cartilage STERNUM  manubrium  body  costal facets  xiphoid process
  • 12. Key Bony Landmarks  Neck muscles  Mastoid process  Cervical (spinous & transverse)  Thoracic (spinous & transverse)  Manubrium  Clavicle (medial)  Posterior spine muscles  Cervical (spinous & transverse)  Thoracic (spinous & transverse)  Posterior ribs  Anterior trunk muscles  Xiphoid process  Ribs  Costal cartilage (ribs)  Iliac & pubic crest
  • 13. + Vertebral Column Cervical Joints Atlanto-occipital  Occipital condyles, 1st vertebrae  Flexion, extension (sag) Atlanto-axial  Atlas (C1), axis (C2)  Rotation  Pivot-joint  Most mobile Odontoid Process
  • 14. VERTEBRAL COLUMN Joints Articulation b/w vertebral bodies Anterior segment  Vertebral bodies (cartilaginous)  Intervertebral disc Posterior segment (gliding)  Transverse & spinous processes  Intervertebral joints T L
  • 15. + Intervertebral Disc Bears & distributes load Mobility Nucleus pulposus  75-90% water
  • 16. + Vertebral Movement Greatest mobility  one curve ends then next begins Exaggerated curve (vs flat & rigid)  increased mobility  flat back – loss of lumbar lordosis Cervical & lumbar  most mobile
  • 18. Layers of the Intrinsic Back Muscles  Superficial Layer  Both Splenius muscles  Intermediate Layer  Erector Spinae (bilateral and ipsilateral action)  Designated by region from medial to lateral  Designated by insertion  Deep Layer  Interconnect and stabilize the vertebra  Small muscles that make fine adjustments to vertebra 19
  • 20. + Cervical Muscles Capitis  originate C vertebrae  insert occipital bone Anterior- flexors  lateral flexion Posterior – extensors  Rotation  lateral flexion
  • 21. + Neck - Cervical Largest & most powerful  Sternocleidomastoid (pg 279) Lateral  Splenius- 2 (pg 281) Posterior
  • 22. SternocleidomastoidOrigin  Sternal manubrium, medial clavicle Insertion  Mastoid process of temporal bone Location: Lateral Movements  Flexion  Lateral (ipsilateral) flexion  Rotation (contralateral)
  • 23. Splenius Capitis Origin (inferior)  Spinous process of C7-T4 Insertion  Mastoid process & occipital bone Location: Posterior Movements  Cervical Spine: Extension  Ipsilateral rotation, ipsilateral flexion
  • 24. + Splenius Capitis  Synergist: Semispinalis capitis and cervicis, Splenius cervicis, Spinalis cervicis, Interspinales, Longissimus cervicis, Iliocostalis cervicis  Antagonist: Sternocleidomastoid and others 25
  • 25. + Splenius Cervicis  O: Lig nuchae (T3-C6)  I: Transverse process of C1-C4  Location: Posterior  Movements  Cervical Spine: Extension  Ipsilateral rotation, ipsilateral flexion  Synergist: Semispinalis capitis Spinalis cervicis, Interspinales  Antagonist: Sternocleidomastoid and others 26
  • 27. Semispinalis Origin  Transverse processes of C4-T7 Insertion  Occipital bone Location: Posterior Movements  Cervical Spine: Extension Contralateral rotation
  • 28. Trunk - Lumbar Anterior  Rectus Abdominis  External Oblique  Internal Oblique Posterior  Erector Spinae
  • 29. + Divisions of the sacrospinalis (aka Erector spinae) 30 Lateral Column. Intermediate Column. Medial Column. Iliocostalis Longissimus Spinalis. (a) I. lumborum. (a) L. dorsi. (a) S. dorsi. (b) I. dorsi. (b) L. cervicis. (b) S. cervicis. (c) I. cervicis. (c) L. capitis. (c) S. capitis.
  • 30. Erector Spinae (sacrospinalis) Origin  Sacrum, spinous processes of lower two thoracic & all lumbar  Insertion  Transverse and spinous processes as well as ribs and skull  Location: Posterior  Movements (spine)  Extension (C & L)  Ipsilateral flexion  (C & L) Iliocostalis Longissimus Spinalis
  • 31. + Erector Spinae  Muscle is thickest in S & L regions  most movement  Controls forward flexion  Extension of trunk  Posterior stability  posture
  • 32. Rectus Abdominis Origin  Pubic crest Insertion  Cartilage of ribs 5-7, xiphoid process Location: anterior Movements (LS)  Trunk flexion
  • 33. Rectus Abdominis Controls  Post pelvic tilt & curvature LS  Flattens lower back  What effect does this have on erector spinae & hip flexors?  more effective Definition  3 depressions  area of tendinous connective tissue
  • 34. External Oblique Origin  Lateral side of ribs 5-12 Insertion  Anterior iliac crest, pubic crest Location:  Lateral/Anterior Movements  Flexion (together)  Ipsilateral flexion  Contralateral rotation (independently)
  • 35. Internal Oblique Origin  Anterior iliac crest and inguinal ligament Insertion  Cartilage of ribs 8-10 and linea alba Location: anterior/medial Movements  Flexion  Ipsilateral flexion Fiber direction
  • 37. + What functions do the anterior trunk muscles play?  In what order from superficial to deep are these layers?  Functions:  Flexion (forward and lateral)  Rotation 38
  • 39. + Transverse abdominis  Origin: Thoracolumbar fascia, lower 6 ribs, iliac crest  Insertion: Pubis, abdominal aponeurosis  Functions:  Forced expiration  Spinal stabilization  Compression of abdominal viscera  Expulsion of abdominal contents, including but not limited to babies! 40
  • 40. + Exercise  Find: Acromian Process  Cocochoid process  Greater tubercle  Medial and lateral epicondyles  Spine of scapula  Inferior angle of scapula  Iliac crest  C7 and L1 41

Notes de l'éditeur

  1. Spinaliscervicus or Longissimusthoracis (region, insertion)