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Sustainable
Durable
Architectural
Ecocem Green Cement
Learning Outcomes

The learning outcomes from the p
           g                   presentation are:

 Understand what GGBS cement is

 Understand the environmental, technical and architectural reasons why
                environmental
you would specify GGBS cement

 Know how to specify GGBS cement

 Know the % of GGBS cement to specify for different results/applications

 Understand the impact of specifying different % of GGBS cement
History of GGBS

1862: Hydraulic potential of
GGBS discovered in Germany

Early 1900’s - Portland Blast
Furnace Cements had an
established place in the concrete
market

2004: More than 5,000,000
tonnes of GGBS produced in
Germany

2006: Approximately
2,000,000 tonnes of GGBS
produced in UK

2008: Over 400,000 tonnes
available in Ireland
About Ecocem Ireland
Long term agreement
with partner companies
for
f supplying hi h
         l i high
quality GBS

Can supply the Irish
      pp y
market with
over350,000 tonnes
from Dublin

Provide technical back
up to specifiers and
concrete manufactures
GGBS Manufacture




 Steel Manufacture                    Water to make GBS




Grind to make GGBS                          GBS




                     Store GGBS for
                     distribution
GGBS Manufacture




GGBS cement, and OPC
Ecocem Cement in Use




NRA, OPW B d Gái ESB C ill RPA B d N M
NRA OPW, Bord Gáis, ESB, Coillte, RPA, Bord Na Mona, Local Authorities
                                                     L   lA h ii




  Engineers, Architects, Developers, Precast, House builders, Farmers
Environmental
Advantages of using GGBS
            f
GGBS and the Environment
CO2 emissions for Ecocem GGBS and cement production
 Typical CO2 Emissions for Portland Cement and Ecocem GGBS Production
  yp
 (Figures in kg per tonne of output)


                          1000
                          900
                          800                          Other Energy Used
                          700
                                                       Fossil Fuel Use
                    put




                          600
 kg per Tonne of Outp




                                                       Process Emissions
                          500
                          400
                          300
                          200
                           100
                            0
                                 CEM I   CEM II/A   GGBS (without offsets)
                                                         ( ith t ff t )
GGBS and the Environment
CO2 emissions for Ecocem GGBS and cement production
 Typical CO2 Emissions for Portland Cement and Ecocem GGBS Production
  yp
 (Figures in kg per tonne of output)


                          1000
                          900
                          800                          Other Energy Used
                          700
                                                       Fossil Fuel Use
                    put




                          600
 kg per Tonne of Outp




                                                       Process Emissions
                          500
                          400
                          300
                          200
                           100
                            0
                                 CEM I   CEM II/A   Ecocem GGBS (without
                                                    E            ( ith t
                                                          offsets)
GGBS and the Environment
CO2 emissions for Ecocem GGBS and cement production
 Typical CO2 Emissions for Portland Cement and Ecocem GGBS Production
  yp
 (Figures in kg per tonne of output)


                          1000
                          900
                          800                        Other Energy Used
                          700
                                                     Fossil Fuel Use
                    put




                          600
 kg per Tonne of Outp




                                                     Process Emissions
                          500
                          400
                          300
                          200
                           100
                            0
                                 CEM I   CEM II/A   Ecocem GGBS (with
                                                    E             ( ith
                                                         offsets)
GGBS and the Environment

Depletion of natural
resources
  For every tonne of Portland
  cement produced, 1.6 tonnes
  of limestone/shale are
  removed from the landscape

  GGBS production involves no
  quarrying of limestone or
  clay
GGBS and the
Environment
E i
Environmental
            l
savings example
  What is the impact of
  replacing 50% of cement
  with GGBS in an average
  size shopping centre, using
  5,000m
  5 000m3 of concrete?

  See calculator on:
  www.ecocem.ie
Case Study:
3-bed
semi detached
house
Reduction in Embodied CO2 through the use of GGBS



                                      3 bed Semi Detached House



Original
Embodied CO2
(38.7 tonnes)
                                                                                               Reduced
                                                                                               Embodied
                                                                                               E b di d CO2
                                                                                               (28.4 tonnes)




Larger embodied CO2 reductions are possible with increased replacement
rates of GGBS

ref: “Embodied CO2 of housing construction in Ireland” - Architecture Ireland – Jan/Feb 2010
GGBS and the Environment
Longer service life from GGBS concrete
  Time to replacement extended

  Specified by NRA on road bridges and structural concrete - 120 year
  design life achieved

  Reduced demand on natural resources for new concrete
Exposure to chloride attack:
Lighter colour - The Albedo Benefit

Solar radiation
is fl t d b
i reflected by                      This heat cannot
lighter coloured                    pass out of the
surfaces                            earth’s
                                    atmosphere
                                    through the
                                    greenhouse gas
                                    layer

 Every 100m2 of
                                     Darker coloured
  GGBS concrete
                                     surfaces absorb
   pavement in
                                     solar radiation
Ireland will offset
                                     and re emit it as
   6 tonnes of
                                     heat
   CO2/annum
Lighter colour - The Heat Island Benefit




   Reduce heat island effect

   Reduces air conditioning requirement; cost and environmental
   benefit – studies have shown reductions of more than 20% in
   building cooling costs whose albedo has been increased
   (in the US potential saving of $1 billion per year)

   Health benefit
Lighter colour – Reflectance Benefit




  Reduces outdoor lighting requirements by enhancing
  night time visibility

  Saving money, energy and carbon emissions

  Approx. 30% less lighting needed to achieve same
  visibility for concrete as it does for asphalt
Properties &
Advantages of using GGBS
GGBS Chemical Composition

 Same constituents as OPC

 Different proportions
 • Less CaO
 • More Si02
 • More Al2O3
Mix design using GGBS cement

 GGBS cement replaces ordinary Portland cement on a
 one for one
 one-for-one basis

 No change in any other element of the mix design:
 • sand
 • aggregates
 • w/c ratio (can be reduced)
 • Admixtures

 Concrete manufacture
 • Batch duration is the same
 • Time to transport - may be appropriate to extend it
GGBS in Concrete

 Engineering benefits start at 30%



 Usage varies from 30 up to 85%



 Most often specified at 50%
 • Treated same as Portland cement concrete
         No adjustment striking times
         Placing, compacting and powerfloating
         Concrete admixtures compatible.
Working with GGBS Concrete

 Placing, compacting and pumping
 eas e
 easier:
 • lower relative density
 • smaller particle sizes

 Powerfloating as normal

 Setting times longer by 0.5 – 2 hrs
       g          g    y

 Slower rate of bleeding

 Water demand 3% to 5% lower
 W t d      d    t     l

 Compatible with admixtures
Strength – cement prisms

80.0

70.0

60.0

50.0
         mm2




40.0
       N/m




30.0

20.0
20 0

10.0
                                    Days
 0.0
 00
               7                     28                      90
                   100/0 Sept
                   100%OPC/0%GGBS   50/50 Sept
                                     50%OPC/50%GGBS   30/70 Sept
                                                       30%OPC/70%GGBS
Strength – early age development

              on a 350mm
Strength – temperature effects
1.1 metres in depth

                      Foundation Slab: C40/50 @ 70% GGBS
                 50
                 45
                 40
Strength N/mm2




                 35
                 30
                 25
       h




                 20
                 15
                 10
                  5
                  0
                       1           2                3         4
                                          Day Age
                                   Standard             TMC
Strength – long term development


         95

         85

         75

         65                               42.5 & 50%
                                          GGBS
 N/mm2




         55

         45
                                          42.5
         35

         25

         15
              0   50   100    150   200

                       Days
Strength – long term development
                        C30/37 concrete, Greystones Marina
                              50% GGBS: 50% CEM II
               45
                               Core Strength vs time


               40
   ength Mpa




               35
Stre




               30



               25
                    1 month      6 Months    12 months       18 Months
Durability of GGBS Concrete - Chlorides
 Chloride Penetration
   Lower chloride ion diffusivity
   L      hl id i diff i it

   Lower porosity/permeability

   Applications: roads and bridges, car parks, sea defences,
   marine structures.
Durability of GGBS Concrete - Chlorides

  Effect of GGBS on chloride diffusion in concrete

                                      16

                                                                CEM II/A-L 320 kg/m3
                                      14
                                                                CEM II/A-V 320 kg/m3
                  icient 10-12 m2/s
                                 /




                                      12
                                                                CEM II/A-L 400 kg/m3

                                      10                        CEM II/A-V 400 kg/m3


                                      8
    iffusion coeffi




                                      6


                                      4
   Di




                                      2


                                      0
                                           0% GGBS   50% GGBS      70% GGBS
Durability of GGBS Concrete - Chlorides
Durability of GGBS Concrete - Chlorides




BS 6349 – Maritime Structures – Table 22
Durability of GGBS Concrete - Sulphates
 Sulphate Resistance
   Sulphates react with C3A and Ca(OH)2 to form
   ettringite
   Sulphate Resisting cement (SRPC) has reduced
   C3A, but no reduced Ca(OH)2, and no reduced
   porosity
   SRPC cannot be used in marine environments
   GGBS much lower price than SRPC


                                                  Note: In BS8500 the only
                                                  option recommended as
                                                  suitable for the most severe
                                                  sulphate exposure (Class DC-
                                                    l h              (Cl     C
                                                  4m) is concrete containing at
                                                  least 66% GGBS
                                                  Use of Sulphate resistant
                                                  cement is not permitted
Durability of GGBS Concrete - Sulphates
                         Aggressors:

                         Sulphates
                         S l h t
                         Sodium Sulphate Na2SO4
                         Magnesium Sulphate MgSO4
                         Acids
                         Sulphuric Acid H2SO4
Durability of GGBS Concrete - Sulphates
               0.5


              0.45                             Masters
               0.4
                                               Study in
                                               UCD, Dublin
              0.35
       sion




               0.3
% Expans




                                               CEM I
              0.25                             CEMII
                                               SRPC
               0.2                             CEM I + 70% GGBS
                                               CEM II + 50% GGBS

              0.15                             CEM II + 70% GGBS



               0.1
               01


              0.05


                0



                         Days Exposure
Durability of GGBS Concrete - Sulphates
 BRE Digest 1



   Sulphate resistance
Durability of GGBS Concrete - Sulphates
Durability of GGBS Concrete

                         0% GGBS




                         30% GGBS




                         50% GGBS
Heat of Hydration

 GGBS lowers peak and overall heat
 Reduces thermal stressing
 Reduces micro-cracking (particularly useful in water retaining
 structures, basements, podium slab, bridges, stadiums, secant
 pile walls etc )
            etc.)
 Optimum substitution level 60 – 85%
Heat of Hydration - wind farm bases




Images courtesy of Wind Farm Civils
Heat of hydration - controlling thermal cracking

           temperature differential – 1 metre deep slab summer
           Basement slab with 70% GGBS
                                                             Min       Max        Difference
50

45

40

35

30

25

20

15

10

5

0
     08:15 13:00 17:30 08:15 13:00 17:30 08:15 13:00 17:30 08:15 13:00 17:30 08:15 13:00 17:30 08:15 13:00 17:30 08:15 13:00 17:30 08:15 13:00 17:30

        06/09/2007
          / /             07/09/2007
                            / /             08/09/2007
                                              / /             09/09/2007
                                                                / /             10/09/2007
                                                                                  / /            11/09/2007
                                                                                                   / /             12/09/2007
                                                                                                                     / /             13/09/2007
                                                                                                                                       / /
Heat of hydration - controlling thermal cracking

                          temperature differential – 2.5 metre deep slab
                          Basement slab with 70% GGBS
                   70.0                                                                                     Top
                                                                                                            Core
                                                                                                            Bottom
                   60.0
                                                                                                            Differential Top to Core
                                                                                                            Differential B tt
                                                                                                            Diff    ti l Bottom to Core
                                                                                                                                t C

                   50.0



                   40.0
 emperature (oC)




                   30.0
Te




                   20.0



                   10.0



                    0.0
                           0   21   28   33   46   58      70        77       92     99   118   139   164          189     234
                                                        Time after placing (hours)
Heat of hydration - controlling thermal cracking




  Convention Centre, Dublin - basement
Resistance to Fire
Architectural Qualities and Appearance

GGBS cement, and OPC    GGBS is an off-white powder
                        Lighter, more even-coloured
                        concrete
                        Smoother, more defect-free
                                ,
                        surface
                        Suppresses/Eliminates
                        efflorescence
                        Lower pigment requirements –
                        20% saving
                        GGBS can b used as partial
                                 be     d       ti l
                        replacement for white cement,
                        up to 70%
Architectural Qualities and Appearance

Bridge pier and
bridge deck,
       deck
Enfield bypass




                  Bridge deck 100% OPC
                  Bridge pier 50% GGBS
Architectural Qualities and Appearance




  Cork Civic Offices - 50% GGBS
Architectural Qualities and Appearance




                     Cathleen Falls Bridge – 50% GGBS
                     2006 ICS, Design and
                     Construction Awards
Architectural Qualities and Appearance




Sleeping Giant – 70% GGBS
    2007 ICS, Design and
     Construction Award
     C   t ti A       d
Architectural Qualities and Appearance
Sean O’Casey Building Dublin – 50% GGBS
                                           2008 ICS
                                                ICS,
                                          Design and
                                          Construction
                                            Award
Architectural Qualities and Appearance

     Aviva
   Stadium
    Dublin
40-70% GGBS
Architectural Qualities and Appearance

Father Collins
Park, Dublin
70% GGBS
Architectural Qualities and Appearance




Charlestown Retail Centre – 45% GGBS
Architectural Qualities and Appearance




                           2009 ICS Design and
                                ICS,
                           Construction Awards

Cable Stay Bridge, Waterford – 50% GGBS
Architectural Qualities and Appearance




                                                             Image courtesy of RPS
Mizen Head Bridge – 50% GGBS
- replacing first RC bridge constructed in Ireland in 1909
Ecocem in Concrete = Low Carbon Concrete
Carbon Neutral Concrete

The world’s first Carbon Neutral Building Material
launched in 2007 in partnership with the biggest
names i the Irish Construction Industry:
       in th I i h C    t ti I d t
   Treasury Holdings
   Pierse
   Durkan Group
   McNamara
   JJ Rhatigan

Details on all prestigious projects can be found on

www.carbonneutralconcrete.ie
www carbonneutralconcrete ie
How to specify GGBS

COARSE & FINE AGGREGATES Coarse and fine aggregates shall comply with I.S. EN 12620.

CHLORIDE CONTENT The total chloride content of the concrete mix for reinforced concrete
shall not exceed 0.4% expressed as a percentage of chloride ion by weight of cement.

CEMENT Normal Portland cement (CEM I, CEM II/A) shall comply with the requirements of IS
EN 197 1 The cement shall be delivered to site in standard bags or in bulk containers and shall
   197-1.
be stored under dry conditions.

CEMENT ADDITIONS Ground Granulated Blastfurnace Slag (GGBS) is permitted in I.S. EN
206-1 to be used as a Type II addition to CEM I or CEM II/A cements in concrete. Where GGBS
is added it replaces the CEM I or CEM II/A cement on a one-for-one basis; the total
cementitous material content of the concrete mix does not change, and the GGBS counts fully
towards the total cement content and water/cement ratio in concrete. GGBS shall comply I.S.
EN 15167-1 and be ground to a blaine of > 4000 cm2/g.

A cement combination comprising 50% GGBS and 50% CEM I or
CEM II/A is to be used in all concrete throughout the Project,
unless otherwise specified on the drawings or by the Engineer.
Multiple Benefits

 Best durability (longer life)
 •   Factor of safety
 •   Reduce lifetime maintenance cost

 Best sustainable material
 •   Reduces CO2 emissions
 •   Demonstrates commitment to a sustainable agenda
 •   Positive
     P iti CSR

 Best Architectural
 •   Whiter,
     Whiter brighter concrete

 Best value for money
Thank You

Thank you for your attention
      y       y


Should you have any questions in the future:
       y          yq

David O’Flynn; 087 965 4891
doflynn@ecocem.ie
d fl                i

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The Benefits Of Ggbs Cement In Concrete 2011 Engineers & Architects

  • 2. Learning Outcomes The learning outcomes from the p g presentation are: Understand what GGBS cement is Understand the environmental, technical and architectural reasons why environmental you would specify GGBS cement Know how to specify GGBS cement Know the % of GGBS cement to specify for different results/applications Understand the impact of specifying different % of GGBS cement
  • 3. History of GGBS 1862: Hydraulic potential of GGBS discovered in Germany Early 1900’s - Portland Blast Furnace Cements had an established place in the concrete market 2004: More than 5,000,000 tonnes of GGBS produced in Germany 2006: Approximately 2,000,000 tonnes of GGBS produced in UK 2008: Over 400,000 tonnes available in Ireland
  • 4. About Ecocem Ireland Long term agreement with partner companies for f supplying hi h l i high quality GBS Can supply the Irish pp y market with over350,000 tonnes from Dublin Provide technical back up to specifiers and concrete manufactures
  • 5. GGBS Manufacture Steel Manufacture Water to make GBS Grind to make GGBS GBS Store GGBS for distribution
  • 7. Ecocem Cement in Use NRA, OPW B d Gái ESB C ill RPA B d N M NRA OPW, Bord Gáis, ESB, Coillte, RPA, Bord Na Mona, Local Authorities L lA h ii Engineers, Architects, Developers, Precast, House builders, Farmers
  • 9. GGBS and the Environment CO2 emissions for Ecocem GGBS and cement production Typical CO2 Emissions for Portland Cement and Ecocem GGBS Production yp (Figures in kg per tonne of output) 1000 900 800 Other Energy Used 700 Fossil Fuel Use put 600 kg per Tonne of Outp Process Emissions 500 400 300 200 100 0 CEM I CEM II/A GGBS (without offsets) ( ith t ff t )
  • 10. GGBS and the Environment CO2 emissions for Ecocem GGBS and cement production Typical CO2 Emissions for Portland Cement and Ecocem GGBS Production yp (Figures in kg per tonne of output) 1000 900 800 Other Energy Used 700 Fossil Fuel Use put 600 kg per Tonne of Outp Process Emissions 500 400 300 200 100 0 CEM I CEM II/A Ecocem GGBS (without E ( ith t offsets)
  • 11. GGBS and the Environment CO2 emissions for Ecocem GGBS and cement production Typical CO2 Emissions for Portland Cement and Ecocem GGBS Production yp (Figures in kg per tonne of output) 1000 900 800 Other Energy Used 700 Fossil Fuel Use put 600 kg per Tonne of Outp Process Emissions 500 400 300 200 100 0 CEM I CEM II/A Ecocem GGBS (with E ( ith offsets)
  • 12. GGBS and the Environment Depletion of natural resources For every tonne of Portland cement produced, 1.6 tonnes of limestone/shale are removed from the landscape GGBS production involves no quarrying of limestone or clay
  • 13. GGBS and the Environment E i Environmental l savings example What is the impact of replacing 50% of cement with GGBS in an average size shopping centre, using 5,000m 5 000m3 of concrete? See calculator on: www.ecocem.ie
  • 15. Reduction in Embodied CO2 through the use of GGBS 3 bed Semi Detached House Original Embodied CO2 (38.7 tonnes) Reduced Embodied E b di d CO2 (28.4 tonnes) Larger embodied CO2 reductions are possible with increased replacement rates of GGBS ref: “Embodied CO2 of housing construction in Ireland” - Architecture Ireland – Jan/Feb 2010
  • 16. GGBS and the Environment Longer service life from GGBS concrete Time to replacement extended Specified by NRA on road bridges and structural concrete - 120 year design life achieved Reduced demand on natural resources for new concrete Exposure to chloride attack:
  • 17. Lighter colour - The Albedo Benefit Solar radiation is fl t d b i reflected by This heat cannot lighter coloured pass out of the surfaces earth’s atmosphere through the greenhouse gas layer Every 100m2 of Darker coloured GGBS concrete surfaces absorb pavement in solar radiation Ireland will offset and re emit it as 6 tonnes of heat CO2/annum
  • 18. Lighter colour - The Heat Island Benefit Reduce heat island effect Reduces air conditioning requirement; cost and environmental benefit – studies have shown reductions of more than 20% in building cooling costs whose albedo has been increased (in the US potential saving of $1 billion per year) Health benefit
  • 19. Lighter colour – Reflectance Benefit Reduces outdoor lighting requirements by enhancing night time visibility Saving money, energy and carbon emissions Approx. 30% less lighting needed to achieve same visibility for concrete as it does for asphalt
  • 21. GGBS Chemical Composition Same constituents as OPC Different proportions • Less CaO • More Si02 • More Al2O3
  • 22. Mix design using GGBS cement GGBS cement replaces ordinary Portland cement on a one for one one-for-one basis No change in any other element of the mix design: • sand • aggregates • w/c ratio (can be reduced) • Admixtures Concrete manufacture • Batch duration is the same • Time to transport - may be appropriate to extend it
  • 23. GGBS in Concrete Engineering benefits start at 30% Usage varies from 30 up to 85% Most often specified at 50% • Treated same as Portland cement concrete No adjustment striking times Placing, compacting and powerfloating Concrete admixtures compatible.
  • 24. Working with GGBS Concrete Placing, compacting and pumping eas e easier: • lower relative density • smaller particle sizes Powerfloating as normal Setting times longer by 0.5 – 2 hrs g g y Slower rate of bleeding Water demand 3% to 5% lower W t d d t l Compatible with admixtures
  • 25. Strength – cement prisms 80.0 70.0 60.0 50.0 mm2 40.0 N/m 30.0 20.0 20 0 10.0 Days 0.0 00 7 28 90 100/0 Sept 100%OPC/0%GGBS 50/50 Sept 50%OPC/50%GGBS 30/70 Sept 30%OPC/70%GGBS
  • 26. Strength – early age development on a 350mm
  • 27. Strength – temperature effects 1.1 metres in depth Foundation Slab: C40/50 @ 70% GGBS 50 45 40 Strength N/mm2 35 30 25 h 20 15 10 5 0 1 2 3 4 Day Age Standard TMC
  • 28. Strength – long term development 95 85 75 65 42.5 & 50% GGBS N/mm2 55 45 42.5 35 25 15 0 50 100 150 200 Days
  • 29. Strength – long term development C30/37 concrete, Greystones Marina 50% GGBS: 50% CEM II 45 Core Strength vs time 40 ength Mpa 35 Stre 30 25 1 month 6 Months 12 months 18 Months
  • 30. Durability of GGBS Concrete - Chlorides Chloride Penetration Lower chloride ion diffusivity L hl id i diff i it Lower porosity/permeability Applications: roads and bridges, car parks, sea defences, marine structures.
  • 31. Durability of GGBS Concrete - Chlorides Effect of GGBS on chloride diffusion in concrete 16 CEM II/A-L 320 kg/m3 14 CEM II/A-V 320 kg/m3 icient 10-12 m2/s / 12 CEM II/A-L 400 kg/m3 10 CEM II/A-V 400 kg/m3 8 iffusion coeffi 6 4 Di 2 0 0% GGBS 50% GGBS 70% GGBS
  • 32. Durability of GGBS Concrete - Chlorides
  • 33. Durability of GGBS Concrete - Chlorides BS 6349 – Maritime Structures – Table 22
  • 34. Durability of GGBS Concrete - Sulphates Sulphate Resistance Sulphates react with C3A and Ca(OH)2 to form ettringite Sulphate Resisting cement (SRPC) has reduced C3A, but no reduced Ca(OH)2, and no reduced porosity SRPC cannot be used in marine environments GGBS much lower price than SRPC Note: In BS8500 the only option recommended as suitable for the most severe sulphate exposure (Class DC- l h (Cl C 4m) is concrete containing at least 66% GGBS Use of Sulphate resistant cement is not permitted
  • 35. Durability of GGBS Concrete - Sulphates Aggressors: Sulphates S l h t Sodium Sulphate Na2SO4 Magnesium Sulphate MgSO4 Acids Sulphuric Acid H2SO4
  • 36. Durability of GGBS Concrete - Sulphates 0.5 0.45 Masters 0.4 Study in UCD, Dublin 0.35 sion 0.3 % Expans CEM I 0.25 CEMII SRPC 0.2 CEM I + 70% GGBS CEM II + 50% GGBS 0.15 CEM II + 70% GGBS 0.1 01 0.05 0 Days Exposure
  • 37. Durability of GGBS Concrete - Sulphates BRE Digest 1 Sulphate resistance
  • 38. Durability of GGBS Concrete - Sulphates
  • 39. Durability of GGBS Concrete 0% GGBS 30% GGBS 50% GGBS
  • 40. Heat of Hydration GGBS lowers peak and overall heat Reduces thermal stressing Reduces micro-cracking (particularly useful in water retaining structures, basements, podium slab, bridges, stadiums, secant pile walls etc ) etc.) Optimum substitution level 60 – 85%
  • 41. Heat of Hydration - wind farm bases Images courtesy of Wind Farm Civils
  • 42. Heat of hydration - controlling thermal cracking temperature differential – 1 metre deep slab summer Basement slab with 70% GGBS Min Max Difference 50 45 40 35 30 25 20 15 10 5 0 08:15 13:00 17:30 08:15 13:00 17:30 08:15 13:00 17:30 08:15 13:00 17:30 08:15 13:00 17:30 08:15 13:00 17:30 08:15 13:00 17:30 08:15 13:00 17:30 06/09/2007 / / 07/09/2007 / / 08/09/2007 / / 09/09/2007 / / 10/09/2007 / / 11/09/2007 / / 12/09/2007 / / 13/09/2007 / /
  • 43. Heat of hydration - controlling thermal cracking temperature differential – 2.5 metre deep slab Basement slab with 70% GGBS 70.0 Top Core Bottom 60.0 Differential Top to Core Differential B tt Diff ti l Bottom to Core t C 50.0 40.0 emperature (oC) 30.0 Te 20.0 10.0 0.0 0 21 28 33 46 58 70 77 92 99 118 139 164 189 234 Time after placing (hours)
  • 44. Heat of hydration - controlling thermal cracking Convention Centre, Dublin - basement
  • 46. Architectural Qualities and Appearance GGBS cement, and OPC GGBS is an off-white powder Lighter, more even-coloured concrete Smoother, more defect-free , surface Suppresses/Eliminates efflorescence Lower pigment requirements – 20% saving GGBS can b used as partial be d ti l replacement for white cement, up to 70%
  • 47. Architectural Qualities and Appearance Bridge pier and bridge deck, deck Enfield bypass Bridge deck 100% OPC Bridge pier 50% GGBS
  • 48. Architectural Qualities and Appearance Cork Civic Offices - 50% GGBS
  • 49. Architectural Qualities and Appearance Cathleen Falls Bridge – 50% GGBS 2006 ICS, Design and Construction Awards
  • 50. Architectural Qualities and Appearance Sleeping Giant – 70% GGBS 2007 ICS, Design and Construction Award C t ti A d
  • 51. Architectural Qualities and Appearance Sean O’Casey Building Dublin – 50% GGBS 2008 ICS ICS, Design and Construction Award
  • 52. Architectural Qualities and Appearance Aviva Stadium Dublin 40-70% GGBS
  • 53. Architectural Qualities and Appearance Father Collins Park, Dublin 70% GGBS
  • 54. Architectural Qualities and Appearance Charlestown Retail Centre – 45% GGBS
  • 55. Architectural Qualities and Appearance 2009 ICS Design and ICS, Construction Awards Cable Stay Bridge, Waterford – 50% GGBS
  • 56. Architectural Qualities and Appearance Image courtesy of RPS Mizen Head Bridge – 50% GGBS - replacing first RC bridge constructed in Ireland in 1909
  • 57. Ecocem in Concrete = Low Carbon Concrete
  • 58. Carbon Neutral Concrete The world’s first Carbon Neutral Building Material launched in 2007 in partnership with the biggest names i the Irish Construction Industry: in th I i h C t ti I d t Treasury Holdings Pierse Durkan Group McNamara JJ Rhatigan Details on all prestigious projects can be found on www.carbonneutralconcrete.ie www carbonneutralconcrete ie
  • 59. How to specify GGBS COARSE & FINE AGGREGATES Coarse and fine aggregates shall comply with I.S. EN 12620. CHLORIDE CONTENT The total chloride content of the concrete mix for reinforced concrete shall not exceed 0.4% expressed as a percentage of chloride ion by weight of cement. CEMENT Normal Portland cement (CEM I, CEM II/A) shall comply with the requirements of IS EN 197 1 The cement shall be delivered to site in standard bags or in bulk containers and shall 197-1. be stored under dry conditions. CEMENT ADDITIONS Ground Granulated Blastfurnace Slag (GGBS) is permitted in I.S. EN 206-1 to be used as a Type II addition to CEM I or CEM II/A cements in concrete. Where GGBS is added it replaces the CEM I or CEM II/A cement on a one-for-one basis; the total cementitous material content of the concrete mix does not change, and the GGBS counts fully towards the total cement content and water/cement ratio in concrete. GGBS shall comply I.S. EN 15167-1 and be ground to a blaine of > 4000 cm2/g. A cement combination comprising 50% GGBS and 50% CEM I or CEM II/A is to be used in all concrete throughout the Project, unless otherwise specified on the drawings or by the Engineer.
  • 60. Multiple Benefits Best durability (longer life) • Factor of safety • Reduce lifetime maintenance cost Best sustainable material • Reduces CO2 emissions • Demonstrates commitment to a sustainable agenda • Positive P iti CSR Best Architectural • Whiter, Whiter brighter concrete Best value for money
  • 61. Thank You Thank you for your attention y y Should you have any questions in the future: y yq David O’Flynn; 087 965 4891 doflynn@ecocem.ie d fl i