The presentation seeks to contribute to the development of strategic interventions that promote sustainable socio-economic development in Zambia and to assess how the TEVET Policy has addressed entrepreneurship training in Zambia.

1. Relevance of EntrepreneurshipRelevance of Entrepreneurship
TrainingTraining
in a Market Driven Economyin a Market Driven Economy
Gabriel S KonayumaGabriel S Konayuma
Ministry of Higher Education, ZambiaMinistry of Higher Education, Zambia
International Conference on Research in Development (RiD)
2016
Mika Convention Centre, Chongwe, Zambia

2. Overview of PaperOverview of Paper
 BackgroundBackground
 SWOT Analysis of Entrepreneurship TrainingSWOT Analysis of Entrepreneurship Training
in Zambiain Zambia
 Relevance of Entrepreneurship Training in aRelevance of Entrepreneurship Training in a
Market Driven EconomyMarket Driven Economy
 RecommendationsRecommendations
 ConclusionConclusion
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3. Objectives of the PresentationObjectives of the Presentation
 To contribute to the development of strategicTo contribute to the development of strategic
interventions that promote sustainable socio-interventions that promote sustainable socio-
economic development in Zambia;economic development in Zambia;
 To assess how the TEVET Policy hasTo assess how the TEVET Policy has
addressed entrepreneurship training inaddressed entrepreneurship training in
Zambia;Zambia;
 To identify how the country hopes to achieveTo identify how the country hopes to achieve
a middle-income economy througha middle-income economy through
strengthened entrepreneurship training;strengthened entrepreneurship training;
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4. BackgroundBackground
 Location:Location: Zambia is a land-linked country located inZambia is a land-linked country located in
Southern Africa. Zambia has eight numbers. Very fewSouthern Africa. Zambia has eight numbers. Very few
African nations have such an opportunity of havingAfrican nations have such an opportunity of having
eight neighbours!eight neighbours!
 EconomyEconomy:: From the 1990s Zambia has adopted aFrom the 1990s Zambia has adopted a
free-market economy. The key opportunity sectors arefree-market economy. The key opportunity sectors are
agricultural production, energy, mining,agricultural production, energy, mining,
manufacturing, transportation and tourism.manufacturing, transportation and tourism.
 Education SystemEducation System:: ZambiaZambia’’s education system froms education system from
early childhood to university education is governed byearly childhood to university education is governed by
the National Education Policy: Educating Our Future ofthe National Education Policy: Educating Our Future of
1996. The TEVET sector is governed by the TEVET1996. The TEVET sector is governed by the TEVET
Policy of 1996.Policy of 1996.
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5. Entrepreneurship TrainingEntrepreneurship Training
in Zambiain Zambia
 Entrepreneurship has been taught as a stand-aloneEntrepreneurship has been taught as a stand-alone
subject in TEVET institutions in Zambia. However, thesubject in TEVET institutions in Zambia. However, the
Technical Training, Vocational and EntrepreneurshipTechnical Training, Vocational and Entrepreneurship
Training Authority (TEVETA) recently organisedTraining Authority (TEVETA) recently organised
workshops where trainers from TEVET institutionsworkshops where trainers from TEVET institutions
were trained in integrating entrepreneurship intowere trained in integrating entrepreneurship into
various training programmes (Konayuma, 2006:6).various training programmes (Konayuma, 2006:6).
 Entrepreneurship training has generally been absentEntrepreneurship training has generally been absent
from the primary, secondary and university training.from the primary, secondary and university training.
At universities, it is offered mostly to students that areAt universities, it is offered mostly to students that are
doing business studies. Thus entrepreneurship is notdoing business studies. Thus entrepreneurship is not
viewed as a tool that can be used to developviewed as a tool that can be used to develop
innovative and creative skills in students that can leadinnovative and creative skills in students that can lead
them to become entrepreneurs.them to become entrepreneurs.
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6. Challenges of EntrepreneurshipChallenges of Entrepreneurship
TrainingTraining
 Inadequate Entrepreneurship Trainers;Inadequate Entrepreneurship Trainers;
 Lack of Appropriate Training Materials;Lack of Appropriate Training Materials;
 Lack of Appreciation of EntrepreneurshipLack of Appreciation of Entrepreneurship
Training; andTraining; and
 Poor Entrepreneurial CulturePoor Entrepreneurial Culture
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7. SWOT Analysis of EntrepreneurshipSWOT Analysis of Entrepreneurship
Training in ZambiaTraining in Zambia
Strengths of Entrepreneurship Training inStrengths of Entrepreneurship Training in
ZambiaZambia
Growing interest in entrepreneurship andGrowing interest in entrepreneurship and
small business management by a number ofsmall business management by a number of
youths;youths;
Number of staff with some training of trainersNumber of staff with some training of trainers
in entrepreneurship;in entrepreneurship;
Supported by relevant policies e.g. TEVET,Supported by relevant policies e.g. TEVET,
Labour, Commercial and Youth policies.Labour, Commercial and Youth policies.
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8. Weaknesses of EntrepreneurshipWeaknesses of Entrepreneurship
Training in ZambiaTraining in Zambia
 Lack of experienced entrepreneurs asLack of experienced entrepreneurs as
entrepreneurship instructors;entrepreneurship instructors;
 Lack of adequate training materials forLack of adequate training materials for
entrepreneurship training;entrepreneurship training;
 Inadequate or lack of business incubators thatInadequate or lack of business incubators that
provide support services and nurture students;provide support services and nurture students;
 Lack of appropriate entrepreneurship models toLack of appropriate entrepreneurship models to
support entrepreneurship training.support entrepreneurship training.
 Teaching of entrepreneurship like any otherTeaching of entrepreneurship like any other
subject and in an academic manner.subject and in an academic manner.
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9. Opportunities for EntrepreneurshipOpportunities for Entrepreneurship
Training in ZambiaTraining in Zambia
 Growing number of successful entrepreneurs who can be usedGrowing number of successful entrepreneurs who can be used
as role models and as trainers;as role models and as trainers;
 Entrepreneurship training materials available on the Internet;Entrepreneurship training materials available on the Internet;
 Availability of space and/or workshops in training institutionsAvailability of space and/or workshops in training institutions
and industries that can be used as business incubators;and industries that can be used as business incubators;
 Best practice of models of entrepreneurship within Zambia andBest practice of models of entrepreneurship within Zambia and
internationally;internationally;
 Shrinking formal sector;Shrinking formal sector;
 Provision of toolkits for TEVET graduates;Provision of toolkits for TEVET graduates;
 Increasing number of institutions providing entrepreneurshipIncreasing number of institutions providing entrepreneurship
training.training.
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10. Threats to EntrepreneurshipThreats to Entrepreneurship
Training in ZambiaTraining in Zambia
 Lack of implementation of policies thatLack of implementation of policies that
support entrepreneurship;support entrepreneurship;
 Persons that want to earn very large profits inPersons that want to earn very large profits in
a very short time without undergoing anya very short time without undergoing any
training and having appropriatetraining and having appropriate
entrepreneurship experience;entrepreneurship experience;
 Lack of good entrepreneurship curriculaLack of good entrepreneurship curricula
entailing that entrepreneurship is taught in aentailing that entrepreneurship is taught in a
haphazard manner.haphazard manner.
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11. Relevance of Entrepreneurship Training inRelevance of Entrepreneurship Training in
a Market Driven Economya Market Driven Economy
Develops creativity and innovation that are required for one toDevelops creativity and innovation that are required for one to
take advantage of the business opportunities offered in a market-take advantage of the business opportunities offered in a market-
driven economy;driven economy;
Exposes students to successful role models and highlights theExposes students to successful role models and highlights the
challenges they have faced and how they have overcome;challenges they have faced and how they have overcome;
Provides students with knowledge, skills and attitudes thatProvides students with knowledge, skills and attitudes that
enable them to create wealth and jobs in a market-drivenenable them to create wealth and jobs in a market-driven
economy;economy;
Provides students with confidence to become entrepreneurs inProvides students with confidence to become entrepreneurs in
a challenging market environment.a challenging market environment.
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12. RecommendationsRecommendations
 Vocationalising General Education. Two-tierVocationalising General Education. Two-tier
system;system;
 Establishing Entrepreneurship DevelopmentEstablishing Entrepreneurship Development
Centres;Centres;
 Teaching Psychology in EntrepreneurshipTeaching Psychology in Entrepreneurship
Training;Training;
 Documenting Best Practices inDocumenting Best Practices in
Entrepreneurship TrainingEntrepreneurship Training
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13. ReferencesReferences
 Chipungu, S. N. (ed.) (1992)Chipungu, S. N. (ed.) (1992) Guardians in their Time.Guardians in their Time.
London: Macmillan Press Limited.London: Macmillan Press Limited.
 Government of Republic of Zambia (2006)Government of Republic of Zambia (2006) VisionVision
2030.2030. Lusaka: Government of Republic of Zambia.Lusaka: Government of Republic of Zambia.
 Haan, H. C. (2002)Haan, H. C. (2002) Training for Work in the InformalTraining for Work in the Informal
Sector: New Evidence from Eastern and SouthernSector: New Evidence from Eastern and Southern
Africa.Africa. Turin: International Labour Organisation.Turin: International Labour Organisation.
 Hisrich, R. D., Peters, M. P. and Shepherd, D. A.Hisrich, R. D., Peters, M. P. and Shepherd, D. A.
(2005)(2005) Entrepreneurship.Entrepreneurship. 66thth
Edition. New York:Edition. New York:
McGraw-Hill.McGraw-Hill.
 Konayuma, G. S. (2007) Challenges and OpportunitiesKonayuma, G. S. (2007) Challenges and Opportunities
of Women Entrepreneurs in Zambia.of Women Entrepreneurs in Zambia. Journal ofJournal of
Management and AdministrationManagement and Administration. Durban:. Durban:
Management College of Southern Africa.Management College of Southern Africa.13

14. ReferencesReferences
 Konayuma, G. S. (2006)Konayuma, G. S. (2006) Challenges of ShrinkingChallenges of Shrinking
Formal Sector in Africa.Formal Sector in Africa. Livingstone:Livingstone:
Commonwealth Association of Polytechnics inCommonwealth Association of Polytechnics in
Africa.Africa.
 Ministry of Science, Technology and VocationalMinistry of Science, Technology and Vocational
Training (1998)Training (1998) Technical Education, VocationalTechnical Education, Vocational
and Entrepreneurship Training Policy.and Entrepreneurship Training Policy. Lusaka:Lusaka:
Ministry of Science, Technology and VocationalMinistry of Science, Technology and Vocational
Training.Training.
 Robbins, S. P. and Coulter, M. (2004)Robbins, S. P. and Coulter, M. (2004)
ManagementManagement (7(7thth
Edition) New Delhi: PearsonEdition) New Delhi: Pearson
Education.Education.
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15. ConclusionConclusion
 Thank you for your attention.Thank you for your attention.
 You can find this presentation online on:You can find this presentation online on:
www.slideshare.net/gabkonwww.slideshare.net/gabkon
 You can read some education and training blogYou can read some education and training blog
articles on:articles on:
www.educationandtrainingissues.blogspot.comwww.educationandtrainingissues.blogspot.com
 You can contact me on:You can contact me on: gkonayuma@gmail.comgkonayuma@gmail.com
 You can interact with me on Twitter:You can interact with me on Twitter:
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