Final Presentation NURS 810: Parenting Styles by Nong Chrang, Jenny Smith, and Melissa

1. 1
Parenting Styles
By Nong Chrang
Jenny Smith
Melissa Wright

2. Welcome to PARENTHOOD!
• Whether you are new parents, experienced
parents, adoptive, foster or soon-to-be
parents…
parenthood is a journey.
• “Having kids - the responsibility of rearing good,
kind, ethical, responsible human beings - is the
biggest job anyone can embark on.” Maria Shriver

3. • As your primary care provider, we would like to
support you in your parenthood journey.
• Today, we would like to give some simple tips for
you to use for based on parenting research.
• Our recommendations begin with younger
children, and expand to pre-teen and teenage
years.

4. • Please view the following videos, and imagine
yourself as the parent
• Ask yourself, what would you do?

5. Consider this Scene...
• Child sitting with tablet in messy
room. Parent asks “did you clean up
your room?” Child, without looking
up says “yes”, camera sweeps piles
and clutter.

6. • What words would you choose to describe your
feeling after watching?
• Irritated? Frustrated? Impatient?

7. Knee-Jerk Reactions
• Avoid negative reflexive responses when
possible. “Knee-jerk” angry responses have been
shown to produce more bad behavior in
children, not less.
• More bad behavior can lead parents to escalate
angry responses, producing a negative cycle.
Laukkanen, et al, 2014,
Mence, et al, 2014

8. The Knee-Jerk Cycle
• That cycle can can lead parents to expect and
over-react to bad behavior before it happens.
• Over-reactions can include being demanding,
shutting down child discussion, and being
overly­controlling, which can produce hostility
going forward on both sides.
Laukkanen, et al, 2014,
Mence, et al, 2014

9. Think back to the video, you may
have responded like this:

10. Demanding/Controlling
Discipline
• Demanding or controlling forms of discipline
have been associated with more temperamental
child behaviors such as outbursts and
inflexibility in new situations, especially in
younger children…
Bahr & Hoffman, 2010
Mence, et al, 2014

11. Demanding/Controlling Discipline
• …increased risky behaviors such as underage
drinking in older children.
Bahr & Hoffman, 2010
also connected with

12. Teenage Drinking
• Those with parents warm, open and
communicative had the least risk of heavy
drinking
• Teens with demanding/controlling parents were
twice as likely to drink heavily
Bahr & Hoffman, 2010

13. However…
• Overly indulgent/permissive parenting is no
better. There is evidence that this “hands­off”
style is associated with even more discipline
problems in the future.
Bahr & Hoffman, 2010
Laukkanen, et al, 2014

14. Giving-in
• For example, giving in to the whining child or
being inconsistent with rules has also been
associated with temperamental children and
risk-seeking behaviors in teens.
• Teens with “indulgent parents” had three times
the risk of heaving drinking as compared to
supportive, consistent parents.
Bahr & Hoffman, 2010,
Laukkanen, et al, 2014

15. Bad outcomes, the example...
• Vid clip continues with parent commenting “I
don’ t see that you’ve done anything.” Child: “I’m
on-line playing with Tommy. I’ll do it later.”
Parent: “That’s what you said yesterday, but,
whatever.”
Bahr & Hoffman, 2010,
Laukkanen, et al, 2014

16. Opposing views
• One researcher found “indulgent parenting”
connected to teen girls and:
▫ Lower stress levels
▫ Higher life satisfaction
▫ However, increased unhealthy eating habits
 There are good and bad things about
ALL parenting styles.
Coccia, Darling, Rehm, Cui, & Sathe, 2012

17. However, most research shows
better results…
• …when parents are both warm and involved as
well as highly expectant and consistent
Maccoby & Martin, 1983

18. Bright Ideas
• When a bad behavior seems like the
• same old cycle, consider other ways
• of tackling the problem.
• Get ahead of bad behavior by acknowledging
triggers...
Dowling, Slep & O’Leary,
2009

19. Triggers
• Triggers can include boredom, fatigue, physical
discomfort, hunger and fear.
• Thinking about triggers should also include the
child’s physical, emotional and developmental
status. A small child is easily distracted. A teen
is inwardly focused.
Dowling, Slep & O’Leary,
2009

21. Parenting Tools
• Set clear rules/standards
• Avoid problems by thinking of child’s needs,
avoiding triggers
• Listen and understand children’s feelings

22. Consider this scene:
• Clip: Parent: “Anthony, please go up to your
room, make your bed, and bring down the dirty
laundry. And leave your iPad here until you’re
done. Gram is coming over in an hour and you
wanted to make her a card.” Child: “Oh yeah, I
forgot. Okay, Mom.”

23. Parenting Tools
• Be consistent with discipline/punishment but
always with an explanation- tell them why
• Avoid reflexive “knee­jerk” responses based on
past behaviors.

24. For the future…
• We have seen that supportive, involved and warm
parenting reduces teenage underage drinking…
• Did you know good parenting can also reduce
other teenage risky behaviors such as smoking
and unsafe sex?

25. Communication and smoking
• Teens with parents who openly communicate with
them have a 50% reduction in risk of smoking
risk
Castrucci & Gerlach, 2006

26. Communication and Teen Safe Sex
• When mothers openly communicate with teen
daughters about sex….
• There is delay in sexual intercourse
• Increased contraception use
• Increased condom use.
• Less dependent on peers opinions.
Askelson, Campo & Smith, 2012

27. Parenting Tools
• Openly communicate…
even if subject is uncomfortable

28. American Academy of Pediatrics
• This national organization also recommends open
communication between parents and
children/teens.
• Their website gives clear, simple tips for
communication with your children and teens.
AAP, 2013

29. American Academy of Pediatrics
Tips for Communication
• Listen Actively
• Make and keep eye contact.
• Look for the underlying messages
in what your child is saying.
• Show respect for their ideas and feelings.
AAP, 2013

30. American Academy of Pediatrics
Tips for Communication
• Stay away from sarcasm
• No hurtful teasing
• No blaming
• Be honest
• Be aware of time and places that are good for
talking
AAP, 2013

31. Helpful Websites
Parenting NH
If you wish to spend some extra time,
here are some great websites…
Parents of Young Children
Parents of Teens

32. Final Thought
• “We may not be able to prepare the future for our
children…
…but we can at least prepare
our children for the future”
• –Franklin Roosevelt

33. On your own- Ted Talk:
• If you wish to spend some more time….
• On the next slide is a hysterical 17 minute ted talk
about parenting taboos.
• It’s worth watching!
• Thank you!!

34. References
• American Academy of Pediatrics [AAP]. (2013) Communication dos
and don’ts. Available from
http://www.healthychildren.org/English/family-life/family-
dynamics/communication-discipline/Pages/Communication-Dos-
and-Donts.aspx
• Askelson, N.M., Campo, S. & Smith, S. (2012) Mother-Daughter
Communication About Sex: The Influence of Authoritative Parenting
Style. Health Communication, 27: 439-448; 2012
• Bahr, S. J., & Hoffmann, J. P. (2010). Parenting Style, Religiosity,
Peers, and Adolescent Heavy Drinking. Journal Of Studies On
Alcohol & Drugs, 71(4), 539-543.
• Castrucci, B.C. & Gerlach, K.K. (2006) Understanding the
Association Between Authoritative Parenting and Adolescent
Smoking. Maternal and Child Health Journal, Vol. 10, No. 2.

35. References
• Coccia, C., Darling, C. A., Rehm, M., Cui, M., & Sathe, S. K. (2012).
Adolescent Health, Stress and Life Satisfaction: The Paradox of
Indulgent Parenting. Stress & Health: Journal Of The International
Society For The Investigation Of Stress, 28(3), 211-221.
doi:10.1002/smi.1426
• Dowling, C., Smith, A. & O'Leary, S. (2009). Understanding
preemptive parenting: relations with toddlers' misbehavior,
overreactive and lax discipline, and praise. Journal of Clinical
Child & Adolescent Psychology, 38(6), pp. 850-857. DOI:
10.108015374410903258983. personality, and social
development, chapter 1, pages 1–101. New York: Wiley, 4th edition
ISBN 978-0-471-09065-6

36. References
• Laukkanen, J., Ojansuu, U., Tolvanen, A., Alatupa, S. & Aunola, K.
(2014). Child’s difficulty temperament and mother’s parenting
styles. Journal of Children and Family Studies, 23, p. 312-323.
• Maccoby, E. E and Martin, J. A. (1983). Socialization in the
context of the family: Parent–child interaction. In P. Mussen and
EM Hetherington, editors, Handbook of Child Psychology, volume
IV: Socialization, personality, and social development, chapter 1,
pages 1–101. New York: Wiley, 4th edition
ISBN 978-0-471-09065-6
• Mence, M., Hawes, D. Morgan, S., Barnatt, B., Kohlhoff, K., &
Hunt, C. (2014). Emotional flooding and hostile discipline in
families of toddlers with disruptive behavior problems. Journal of
Family Psychology, 28(1), pp. 12-21. DOI: 10.1037/a0035352.