Hong Kong is semi-democratic, containing some democratic features like freedom of speech but lacking universal suffrage. The Umbrella Revolution protests in 2014 were sparked by China's plans to limit electoral reforms in Hong Kong. While the protests were eventually cleared, they damaged trust in the government and police, and highlighted tensions between Hong Kong and mainland China over democratic ideals and national identity.

1. CHINESE
DEMOCRACY:
A HONG KONG
CASE STUDY
Richard Lau, Jade Li(Chan, 2005)
1

2. PREVIEW
1. Introduction
2. Thesis Statement
3. Features of Democracy
4. Struggles in Universal Suffrage
5. ‘Occupy Central’ and ‘Umbrella Revolution’
6. Analysis of the protest
7. Summary
2

3. ‘TOO SIMPLE, SOMETIMES NAÏVE”
 Rare Footage of Former China Leader Jiang Zemin Freak Out
(With English Subs!)
 https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5GIj2BVJS2A
(Getty Images,1997)
3

4. BASIC HISTORY OF HONG KONG SINCE
1997
• Hong Kong, handed back to China in 1997 following a 1984
agreement between China and Britain.
• "one country, two systems”- Deng XiaoPing
(Moss, 2009) (Grieve,, N.D.) 4

5. ONE COUNTRY, TWO SYSTEM
 Claims that there is only one China, but distinct regions such as
Hong Kong, and Macau could retain their own capitalist economic
and political systems
 The remaining parts of China uses Socialist system
5

6. HONG KONG BASIC INFORMATION
 Leading Financial Centre characterized by low taxation and
freedom of trade (one of the four Asian Tigers)
 Plays an active role in international arena and maintains strong
relationship with international partners.
 Successful tourism industry that is attractive to many mainlanders
and tourist from the world.
(Diliff,
2008)
6

7. THESIS STATEMENT
Hong Kong is semi-democratic .
 While It is a special administrative region that does contain
some of the democratic features such as freedom of speech,
but Hong Kong has no universal suffrage---a basic tenant of a
democracy.
7

8. SO…WHAT IS “DEMOCRACY”?
 FOUR basic elements :
1. Choosing and replacing
government through FREE and
FAIR ELECTIONS;
2. ACTIVE PARTICIPATION of
people (citizens), in politics and
civic life;
3. PROTECTION of HUMAN
RIGHTS and basic freedoms;
4. RULE OF LAW in which law, its
institutions and procedures serve
equally to citizens
(Olleros,2014)
8

9. ACTIVE PARTICIPATION AND
HUMAN RIGHTS & BASIC FREEDOM
 Freedom of assembly
 Press freedom
 Political freedom
(gov.hk,1990)
9

10. Freedom of Assembly: the
individual right or ability to come
together and collectively express,
promote, pursue, and defend their
ideas
(Tsang, 2013)
10

11.  Freedom of the press
and media : the freedom
of communication and
expression through
mediums including various
electronic media
and published materials
(wordvancouver.ca,n.d.)
(facebook,n.d.)
11

12.  Political Freedom: rights of free
association and the right of free
expression, enables individual to
determine and to speak about their
government without oppression and
coercion
(Karin,2013
)
12

13. RULE OF LAW
 The Rule of Law is the legal principle that law should govern a
nation, as opposed to arbitrary decisions by individual
government officials.
 Hong Kong : “High degree of AUTONOMY” (Art. 2, Basic Law,
BL), its (capitalist-liberal) WAY OF LIFE remains unchanged, and
upholds RULE OF LAW inherited from British system;
13

14. FREE AND FAIR ELECTION
 NO UNIVERSAL SUFFRAGE
 Limited suffrage allowed for election of Legislative
Council(LEGCO) members.
 Chief executive “appointed’ by Central Government from PRC
 PROMISES of suffrage (article 45) continuously postponed
 the ‘Election of CE (2017)’ promised caused the umbrella revolution in Hong
Kong.
14

15. THE ARTICLE IN BASIC LAW
(gov.hk,
1997)
15

16. STRUGGLE WITH UNIVERSAL
SUFFRAGE
1997
Pan-
Democratic
Camp try to
launch
universal
Suffrage at
2007, soon
rejected by
NPCSC
2004
Article 45:
“ultimate aim
is the selection
of CE by
universal
suffrage”
NPCSC
agreed the 5th
election of CE
may be by the
method of
universal
suffrage in
2017
2007
NPCSC
announced
that civil
nomination
would be
disallowed,
reneging their
promse
2014
Occupy
Central/Umbre
lla Revolution
Timeline
16

17. OCCUPY CENTRAL/UMBRELLA REVOLUTION
 In August 2014, the Chinese government announced plans to vet
candidates in Hong Kong's 2017 elections, virtually assuring only
pro-Beijing politicians would be on the ballots.
(Getty Images,2014)
17

18. OCCUPY CENTRAL/UMBRELLA REVOLUTION
 Protesters blocked the main street to the Central district outside
the government headquarters in Hong Kong, on September 26,
2014.
(EPA,2014)
18

19. OCCUPY CENTRAL/UMBRELLA REVOLUTION
 Security forces wearing gas masks take positions opposite to
demonstrators taking part in a pro-democracy protest.
(Siu,2014) (EPA,2014)
19

20. (AP Photo, 2014)
20

21. (AFP,2014)
21

22. OCCUPY CENTRAL/UMBRELLA REVOLUTION
(EPA,2014)
22

23. OCCUPY CENTRAL/UMBRELLA REVOLUTION
(Getty Image,2014)
23

24. (HKO2006,
2014)
24

25. OCCUPY CENTRAL/UMBRELLA REVOLUTION
 October 14, 2014.
(EPA,2014)
25

26. OCCUPY CENTRAL/UMBRELLA REVOLUTION
On 24th October, Former CE Tung Kee Wa talked to public about Beijing’s
concerns on the damage created to Hong Kong. He stated that the Rule of
Law should be above any illegal assembly.
（BBC，2014）
26

27. OCCUPY CENTRAL/UMBRELLA REVOLUTION
 Entering December, the protest signaled an end when the
organizers trio surrendered in front of the government office on
15th December 2014
27
(AFP,2014)

28. SHORT-TERM IMPACTS
 Transportation are seriously affected
 Metro station are blocked by protesters for days
 Traffic jam stretching for miles
 Taxi drivers income falls by 50%
 Schools was suspended for more than 10 days
 Hong Kong economy was damaged with 2.58% fall in HangSeng
Index.
 Mong Kok triad sales has decreased 40% but surprisingly other area have
marked increase in sales as well as visitor number.
28

29. POSITIVE IMPACT
To Citizens:
 Convince more citizens to think about true democracy and support
To Government:
 Let government officers know about the views of Hong Kong people on this
issue
29

30. EFFECT ON SOCIETIES
 As time went by, the NPCSC have make no actions or
compromise to Hong Kong political structure reform.
 Anti-occupy feeling began to emerge due to the disruption to the
lives of ordinary citizens caused by roads blocked, traffic jams,
school closures, and financial loss to businesses (including in
particular those run by the Triads in Mong Kok)
 The police actions on the protesters has resulted in a breakdown
of citizens' trust in the previously respected police force.
30

31. PRESENT
The main thoroughfare in Admiralty is now open to traffic, with hardly any
traces of the protest camp--BBC
(BBC,2014)
31

32.  1.83 million Hong Kong citizen
sign for the petition, calling for the
end of ‘occupy central’—yahoo
news
 Pro-occupy party vowed to
continue with their campaign
(Yahoo HK,2014) (BBC, 2014)
32

33.  Many organizers and the ‘trio of occupy’ surrendered in 24th
January, which signaled the end of the umbrella revolution.
 The majority(1.83 million Hong Kong citizen) started to question
the pro-occupy group aims of a democracy. Survey conducted by
Chinese University of Hong Kong showed that around 50% of
Hong Kong citizen do not want any more ‘umbrella revolution’ in
the future.
33

34. OUR
ANALYSIS
(AFP,2014)
34

35. ECONOMICAL CONSEQUENCES
 Stocks have fallen the most in three weeks
 The currency has weakened
 Investments and business activities are damaged
Hang Seng Index(yahoo
finance,2015)
35

36. LARGE FIRMS’ WITHDRAWAL FROM
HONG KONG MARKET
 There is a possibility that due to the political instability, large firms
like could withdraw from Hong Kong and relocate.
 Many of the investors will direct their investments to major
Chinese cities like Guangzhou, Shanghai, Shenzhen.
 Guangzhou, especially, can accommodate companies with the
same advantages if not more than what Hong Kong is currently
offering.
36

37. ANALYSIS OF CURRENT
CONDITION
It is unlikely that China will submit and
allow Hong Kong a democratic election
because…
 China is no longer dependent on Hong Kong and Beijing is
becoming increasingly influential in the internal affairs of Hong
Kong
 Without Chinese tourists Hong Kong’s hotels and shopping centers will suffer
 Without Chinese linked opportunities, Hong Kong’s young people would face
employment
 Many foreign business used Hong Kong as a bridge to connect their business
with China mainland.
37

38. (World
Bank,n.d.)
38

39. ANALYSIS OF THE PROTEST
 The NPCSC’s decisions might be due to recent tensions between
mainlanders and Hong Kong citizens
 Birth Tourism and Lacks of milk formula
 Mainlander women flew to Hong Kong to give birth, buy milk
formula and take school seats from local Hong Kong citizens
 National and Moral education implementation
 40000 students participated in a hunger strike in front of
Central Government office
 Resentment to mainlander tourist
 Mainlander tourist allowed their children to urinate in a busy
street
 Eating in MTR
39

40. ANALYSIS OF THE PROTEST
 Young generations thought that they are not bonded to “China",
and they preferred to “Hong Kong” as its own “country”
 Older generations preferred “China as one” because they are
more bonded to China. Actually, most of them come from
mainland many years ago. They are also regarded as the silent
majority in the umbrella revolution.
 Hence, if NPCSC allows the universal suffrage—the basic tenant
of democracy, it may lead to a independent referendum of the
SAR from PRC in the future.
40

41. ANALYSIS OF THE PROTEST
 Does Beijing win?
 Yes and No
 “the best kind of victory is won without
fighting.”Sun Tzu 不战而胜
 During this few months , Beijing did win
without taking any action. They have
retain the semi-democratic structure of
Hong Kong
 However, it did damage the young
generations’ opinions toward mainland
China
 Many protesters rebranded
themselves as “Hong Kong but not
China”
(Getty Images,2014)
41

42. SUMMARY
1. Hong Kong is a semi-democratic district
2. Hong Kong shares some democracy power
3. Hong Kong has no Universal Suffrage
4. Inter-dependent of both mainland and Hong Kong
5. Future citizen’s value toward country may be damaged
42

43. JUST FOR FUN
 http://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-china-31189050
 Recent news regarding to CY Leung
43

44. SUMMARY
Hong Kong is semi-democratic .
44

45. REFERENCE
 BBC,. 2015. 'Hong Kong Protests: What Else Is Driving Mainland Tensions?'.
http://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-china-29421740 ÔøΩ.
 BBC,. 2015. 'Hong Kong's Democracy Debate'. http://www.bbc.com/news/world-
asia-china-27921954 ÔøΩ.
 BBC,. 2015. 'Hong Kong Protests: Has Beijing Won?'.
http://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-30445930 ÔøΩ.
 cantonese.teirlinck,. 2015. 'Hong Kong Demonstration : Say No To Brain Wash
National Education In 2012'. http://cantonese.teirlinck.net/hong-kong-
demonstration-say-no-to-brain-wash-national-education-in-2012/ ÔøΩ.
 CCS.org,. 2015. 'The ‚ÄòUmbrella Revolution‚Äô In Hong Kong: Economic
Consequences For Hong Kong, China And The Global Economy'.
http://www.ccs.org.za/wp-content/uploads/2014/10/CCS_Commentary_Hong-
Kong_Indiana-and-Daouda_.pdf ÔøΩ.
 Demotix.com,. 2015. 'March Of Democracy 2014 In Hong Kong'.
http://www.demotix.com/news/5149043/march-democracy-2014-hong-kong ÔøΩ.
 Flagspot.net,. 2015. 'HK Flag'. https://flagspot.net/flags/hk.html ÔøΩ.
45

46. REFERENCE
 GettyImages.com,. 2015. 'Image'. http://www.gettyimages.com/detail/news-photo/chinese-president-jiang-zemin-and-wife-wang-ye-
ping-stand-news-photo/51665932 ÔøΩ.
 Slideshare.net,. 2015. 'Democracy And Winds Of Change In Hong Kong'. http://www.slideshare.net/ralujan1/democracy-and-winds-
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 South China Morning Post,. 2015. 'Tiananmen Square Crackdown Divides Hong Kong's Protest Movement'.
http://www.scmp.com/news/hong-kong/article/1246696/tiananmen-square-crackdown-divides-hong-kongs-protest-movement ÔøΩ.
 straitstimes.com,. 2015. 'Hong Kong Protests: Trio Of Occupy Organisers Surrender To The Police, Likely To Be Charged - See
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Police-Likely-Be-C#Sthash.Celkioaj.Dpuf'. http://www.straitstimes.com/news/asia/east-asia/story/hong-kong-protests-trio-occupy-
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 Wikimedia,. 2015. 'Flag'. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:HKSAR_PRC_table_flags.jpg ÔøΩ.
 Wikipedia,. 2015. 'Moral And National Education'.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moral_and_national_education#Pressure_groups_and_protests ÔøΩ.
 Wikipedia,. 2015. '2014 Hong Kong Protests'. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2014_Hong_Kong_protests#Impact ÔøΩ.
 Yahoo Êñ∞ËÅûȶôÊ∏Ø,. 2015. '‰∏ÄÊâπ‰Ωî‰∏≠Á≥æÂØüÂèäÁ§æÂ∑•ÂæÄË≠¶ÂØüÁ∏ΩÈÉ®Ëá™È¶ñ'.
https://hk.news.yahoo.com/%E6%89%B9%E4%BD%94%E4%B8%AD%E7%B3%BE%E5%AF%9F%E5%8F%8A%E7%A4%BE%E
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