First Year Civil Engineering Presentation on Solid Waste Management.

1. Pimpri chinchwad college of engineering
BASIC CIVIL AND ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING
TOPIC: SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT
Made by : Mohit nakhale fee543
Kaustubh patil fee 547
Sanket wadekar fee561

2. Solid waste management
EFFORTSBY: MOHIT NAKHALE FEE543
KAUSTUBH PATIL
FEE547
SANKET WADEKAR
FEE561SUBMITTED TO: MRS. RENUKA PUROHIT

3. WHAT IS SOLID WASTE?

4. Classification of solid waste
 Garbage: Refers to putrescible solid waste
produced during preparation or
storage of meat, fruits, veggies.
1. Moisture content: About 70% .
2. Calorific value: 6x10^6 J/Kg.
 Rubbish: Refers to non- putrescible solid waste,
either combustible or non- combustible.
Like: Wood, Paper, Glass,Ceramic,etc.
1. MOISTURE CONTENT: About 25%.
2. Calorific value: 15x10^6 J/Kg.

5.  Pathological waste : Carcasses of animals,
human waste, etc.
1. Moisture content : 85%
2. Calorific value : 2.5x10^6 J/Kg
 Industrial waste : Chemicals, paints, sand,
metal ore, sewage treatment slug, etc.
 Agricultural waste : Farm animal
manure, crop residue, etc.

7. Scenario in india!!

8. ADVERSE EFFECTS OF SOLID WASTE ON HUMANS
AND ENVIRONMENT
 Improper handling of solid waste results in breeding of disease
vectors, primarily flies, mosquitoes and rats.
 This may lead to epidemic outbreak.
 Many diseases like Cholera. Diarrhea, Dysentery, Plague, Jaundice,
or Gastro-Intestinal diseases may spread and cause loss of human
lives.

9.  Improper disposal of hazardous waste may result in death of
humans and animals through contamination of crops and water
supplies.
 The decomposition of waste into constituent chemicals is a common
source of local environmental pollution
 Methane is a by-product of the anaerobic respiration of bacteria
which contributes to the enhanced greenhouse gas effect and climate
change.

10. Collection of solid waste
To keep the environment clean and healthy solid waste should be
collected and removed as early as possible.
Various Methods of Collection of Solid Waste are:
1. House to House Collection
2. Storage Bin Collection
 House to House Collection: In this method , refuse generated and
stored in individual premises is collected by several methods.

11. a) Curb System: House owner is responsible for placing refuse
containers at the curb on the scheduled day. Workmen from
refuse vehicles collect and empty the containers in vehicle and
place them back at curb.

12. b) Alley Service: The containers are placed at the Alley line from
where they are picked up by workmen from refuse vehicle who
deposit back the empty container.

13. c) Set Out Set Back Service: In this system, set out men go to
individual, collect the containers and empty them into refuse
vehicle, another group of men bring back the container to the
owner’s house.

14. d) Back yard Service: The workers with the vehicle carry a bin to the
yard, empty the refuse container in the bin and then carry that bin
to the refuse vehicle and empty it.

15.  Storage Bin System :
In this system waste is collected at specified points or in the bins
provided by the municipal authorities.
The bins are made up os Galvanised iron, mild steel, RCC etc.
Bins are placed at suitable sites.
These wastes are then collected by vehicles and are taken to
disposal.

16. Disposal methods
Methods involved in disposal of solid waste are:
1. Composting
2. Incineration
 Composting : Compost is organic matter that has
been decomposed and recycled as a fertilizer and soil
amendment. Compost is a key ingredient inorganic farming.

18. At the simplest level, the process of composting simply requires
making a heap of wetted organic matter known as green
waste(leaves, food waste) and waiting for the materials to break
down into humus after a period of weeks or months. Modern,
methodical composting is a multi-step, closely monitored process
with measured inputs of water, air, and carbon- and nitrogen-
rich materials.
Compost is rich in nutrients. It is used in
gardens, landscaping, horticulture, and agriculture. The compost
itself is beneficial for the land in many ways, including as a soil
conditioner, a fertilizer, addition of vital humus, and as a
natural pesticide for soil.

19. Four processes involved in composting are:
1. The Buhler Process.
2. The Dano Process.
3. The Tollemache Process.
4. The Nusoil Process.

20.  Incineration : It is a waste treatment process that involves
the combustion of organic substances contained in waste
materials.Incineration and other high-temperature waste
treatment systems are described as "thermal treatment".
Incineration of waste materials converts the waste into ash, flue
gas, and heat. The ash is mostly formed by
the inorganic constituents of the waste, and may take the form of
solid lumps or particulates carried by the flue gas. The flue gases
must be cleaned of gaseous and particulate pollutants before they
are dispersed into the atmosphere. In some cases, the heat
generated by incineration can be used to generate electric power.

21. Alternative methods of disposal
Recycling : Recycling is a resource recovery practice that
refers to the collection and reuse of disposed materials such as
empty beverage containers. The materials from which the items
are made can be reprocessed into new products. Material for
recycling may be collected separately from general waste using
dedicated bins and collection vehicles, or sorted directly from
mixed waste streams.

22. The most common consumer products recycled
include aluminium such as beverage cans, copper such as
wire, steel food and aerosol cans, old steel furnishings or
equipment, polyethylene and PET bottles, glass bottles and
jars, paperboard cartons, newspapers, magazines and light
paper, and corrugated fiberboard boxes.
Papers,Glass, Metals and Plastics are the important solid
wastes that are being recycled.

24. Most commonly recycled materials
Papers, Glass, Metals and Plastics are the important solid wastes that are
being recycled.

27. E- Waste Management
What is E-waste?
“Electronic waste" may be defined as discarded computers,
office electronic equipment, entertainment
device electronics, mobile phones, television sets,
and refrigerators.

29. E- Waste and India
 India, which has emerged as the world’s second largest
mobile market, is also the fifth largest producer of e-
waste, discarding roughly 18.5 lakh tonnes of electronic
waste each year, a study says.
 With more than 100 crore mobile phones in circulation,
nearly 25 per cent end up in e-waste annually.

30. Management of E Waste
 Normally, the E -Waste materials are broadly
divided into following categories:
 Iron & steel used for frames.
 Non- ferrous metals like copper and aluminium
used in cables.
 Glass used in windows and screens
 Plastics used as casting for cables and for circuit
boards.

31. SEGREGATION OF E- WASTE

32. Recycle, reuse & recovery options
Some of the reusable elements form the e waste act as secondary
raw material for recovery of valuable items. This involves
following steps:
 Dismantling
 Reuse
 Recycling/Recovery of valuable materials.
 Treatment, disposal of dangerous materials and waste.

33. Treatment and Disposal Options
1. Landfilling :
In this method the e-waste is buried in the land in control
manner.

34. 2 Incineration :
In this methodthe wasteis burnt in a closed container at a
very high temperature.
Advantage of this methodis the reduction in the volume of
the e-waste.