1. Chapter 13
SOLUTIONS
part 5
TINCTURES
EXTRACTS
and
PLANT EXUDATES

2. TINCTURES
Alcoholic or hydroalcoholic
solutions prepared from;
1.Vegetable materials
2.Chemical substances
Alcohol content varies from as
low as 15% to as high as 80%

3. VARIATIONS OF
OFFICIAL TINCTURES
A. As to the method of preparation:
I.By Extraction method
Maceration
method
Compound Benzoin Tincture
Percolation method
Belladonna Tincture
Vanilla Tincture

4. VARIATIONS OF
OFFICIAL TINCTURES
II. By Simple Solution method
Employed for tinctures of chemical
substances
Iodine Tincture
Thimerosal Tincture

5. VARIATIONS of
OFFICIAL TINCTURES
B. As to strength of their active
ingredient:
1. Tinctures potent drugs
– 10 % in strength
Belladonna Tincture

6. VARIATIONS IN
OFFICIAL TINCTURES
2. Tinctures prepared from non potent
drugs
- 20 % in strength
Tolu Balsam Tincture
3. Tinctures prepared from undried
fresh fruit peel
- 50 % in strength
Sweet Orange Peel Tincture

7. VARIATIONS IN TINCTURES
C. As to their intended use in Pharmacy
and Medicine:
MEDICATED TINCTURES
1. ORAL TINCTURES
Disadvantages:
 Unpleasant tasting
 High alcohol content

8. VARIATIONS IN TINCTURES
Examples:
1. Paregoric Tincture
Synonym:
Camphorated Opium Tincture
Use:
Antiperistalsis
1. Belladona Tincture -
Anticholinergic

9. 2. TOPICAL TINCTURES
 Can cause stinging sensation when
applied to abraded or broken skin
Examples:
1. Compound Benzoin Tincture
–topical protectant
2. Iodine Tincture
–germicide
3. Thimerosal
– antiseptic

10. VARIATIONS IN TINCTURES
NON MEDICATED TINCTURES
– used as flavoring agents
Examples:
1. Vanilla Tincture
2. Sweet Orange Peel Tincture
3. Tolu Balsam Tincture

11. VARIATIONS IN TINCTURES
As to alcohol content:
 Contains approximate range is
15% to 80% alcohol.
Examples:
Opium Tincture – 17 to 21 %
Compound Benzoin Tincture
– 74% to 80%
Iodine Tincture – 44 to 50%
Thimerosal Tincture – about 50%

12. AGEING can cause the
precipitation of the inactive
constituents in tinctures.
Glycerin may be added to
increase the solubility of the active
constituents and reduce precipitation
during storage.
Stored in a light-resistant containers

13. EXTRACTIVES
Obtained from plants and are
commonly called
GALENICALS
TINCTURES
FLUIDEXTRACTS
EXTRACTS
RESINS

14. METHODS OF EXTRACTION
MACERATION
PERCOLATION
INFUSION
DIGESTION
DECOCTION

15. FLUIDEXTRACTS
Liquid extracts of vegetable
drugs that contain alcohol as a
solvent, preservative, or both.
Prepared by Percolation
(Process P)

16. FLUIDEXTRACTS
Referred to as “100% tinctures”
Are considered too potent for
self administration, and too
bitter
Used today as flavoring agents

17. EXTRACTS
Concentrated preparations of
vegetable or animal drugs obtained
by removal of the active
constituents of the respective drugs
with suitable menstrua, evaporation
of all or nearly all of the solvent, and
adjustment of the residual masses
or powders to the prescribed
standards.

18. THREE FORMS OF EXTRACTS
SEMI-LIQUID EXTRACTS
- syrupy consistency
PILULAR OR SOLID EXTRACTS
 plastic consistency
 preferred in compounding
ointments or pastes

19. THREE FORMS OF EXTRACTS
POWDERED EXTRACTS
 dry
 preferred in compounding
powders, tablets, and capsules