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Cardiology Student Notes

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Why Valves? ,[object Object],[object Object]
 
Two different kinds of Valves: ,[object Object],[object Object]
 
 
 
 
 
 
Ventricular (left vs right) imbalance ,[object Object]
Ventricular (left vs right) imbalance ,[object Object]
Ventricular (left vs right) imbalance ,[object Object],[object Object]
 
Cardiac Cycle ,[object Object]
Ventricular Pressure and Volume Curves ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Ventricular Pressure and Volume Curves (cont’d) ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Ventricular Pressure and Volume Curves (cont’d)
Aortic Pressure Curve ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
50 100 150 200 50 100 150 200 0 Intraventricular Pressure (mmHg) Left Ventricular Volume (ml) Period of Filling Isovolumic Relaxation Period of Ejection Isovolumic Contraction End Systolic Volume End Diastolic Volume Work Output of the Heart
Work Output graph variations: ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Ejection Fraction ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Beats per minute 50 160 200 Output per individual “beats” Heart Output ( measured as … ) ?
Beats per minute 50 160 200 Output per unit time ( e.g., minute ) Heart Output ( measured as … ) ?
Ejection Fraction (cont’d) ,[object Object],[object Object]
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Bipolar Limb Leads ,[object Object],Figure 11-6; Guyton & Hall
 
Bipolar Limb Leads (cont’d) ,[object Object],[object Object]
Bipolar Limb Leads (cont’d) ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Principles of Vectorial Analysis of EKG’s ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
 
Principles of Vectorial Analysis of EKG’s (cont’d) ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
 
 
Principles of Vectorial Analysis of EKG’s (cont’d) ,[object Object],[object Object]
 
 
Other EKG Leads (cont’d) ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Axes of the Unipolar Limb Leads + + + I aVL aVR aVF -
 
Principles of Vectorial Analysis of EKG’s (cont’d) Axes of the Three Bipolar and Augmented Leads + _ _ _ + + 60 o 120 o 0 o I I III II III II + _ -30 o aVL aVL + _ 210 o aVR aVR + _ aVF aVF 90 o
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Ventricular Fibrillation ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
 
 

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Cardiology Student Notes

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  • 26. 50 100 150 200 50 100 150 200 0 Intraventricular Pressure (mmHg) Left Ventricular Volume (ml) Period of Filling Isovolumic Relaxation Period of Ejection Isovolumic Contraction End Systolic Volume End Diastolic Volume Work Output of the Heart
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  • 29. Beats per minute 50 160 200 Output per individual “beats” Heart Output ( measured as … ) ?
  • 30. Beats per minute 50 160 200 Output per unit time ( e.g., minute ) Heart Output ( measured as … ) ?
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  • 57. Axes of the Unipolar Limb Leads + + + I aVL aVR aVF -
  • 58.  
  • 59. Principles of Vectorial Analysis of EKG’s (cont’d) Axes of the Three Bipolar and Augmented Leads + _ _ _ + + 60 o 120 o 0 o I I III II III II + _ -30 o aVL aVL + _ 210 o aVR aVR + _ aVF aVF 90 o
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