The document provides guidelines on English grammar structures including: - Use of articles like 'a', 'an', and 'the' with nouns - Irregular past tense verbs and pronouns - Verb constructions with gerunds or infinitives - Tenses like present simple, future, modal, and differences between stative and action verbs - Comparative and superlative forms - Prepositions of place and time like 'in', 'on', 'at' - Use of 'any' vs 'some' and other grammar rules.

1. Articles
- Use ‘a’ and ‘an’ with not a specific object.
- Use ‘the’ with a specific object.
- The first time you speak of something use ‘a’ or ‘an’, the next time you repeat that object use ‘the’.
- DO NOT use an article with countries, states, counties or provinces, lakes and mountains except when the country is a collection of states such as "The United States".
- Use an article with bodies of water, oceans and seas.
- DO NOT use an article when you are speaking about things in general.
- DO NOT use an article when you are speaking about meals, places, and transport.
Past Tense Irregular Verbs
Present
Past
Present
Past
Be
Was/Were
Become
Became
Begin
Began
Break
Broke
Bring
Brought
Build
Built
Buy
Bought
Come
Came
Cost
Cost
Cut
Cut
Do
Did
Drink
Drank
Eat
Ate
Find
Found
Fly
Flew
Get
Got
Give
Gave
Go
Went
Have
Had
Keep
Kept
Know
Knew
Leave
Left
Make
Made
Meet
Met
Pay
Paid
Put
Put
Read
Read
Say
Said
See
Saw
Sell
Sold
Send
Sent
Speak
Spoke
Spend
Spent
Take
Took
Teach
Taught
Tell
Told
Think
Thought
Pronouns
Subject
Object
Possessive
Possessive adjectives
I
Me
Mine
My
You
You
Yours
Your
He
Him
His
His
She
Her
Hers
Her
It
It
Its
Its
We
Us
Ours
Our
They
Them
Thiers
Their
Demonstrative Pronouns
Pronoun
Singular
Plural
Near
This
These
Far
That
Those
Verbs Followed by the Gerund or the Infinitive
Common Verbs + Gerund e.g. verb + verb + ing
Go
Enjoy
Quit
Discuss
Mind
Can't stand
Suggest
Common Verbs + Infinitive e.g. verb + to + verb
Promise
Plan
Refuse
Want
Need
Decide
hope
Present Simple
Use the present simple to talk about activities or routines which take place on a regular basis.
Positive: Subject + present conjugation of verb + objects.
Negative: Subject + do not + base form of verb + objects.
Question: WH? + do + subject + base form of verb ?
Expression time: everyday, on …, at the moment, now, always, usually, sometimes. Days of the weeks followed by 's'.
Adverbs of Frequency
Adverbs of frequency include: always, usually, often, sometimes, occasionally, seldom, rarely and never.
* If the sentence has one verb put the adverb in the middle of the sentence after the subject and before the verb.
* If the sentence has more than one verb (e.g. auxiliary verb), put the adverb of frequency before the main verb.
* When using adverbs of frequency in the question or negative form, put the adverb of frequency before the main verb.
Modal Form
Positive: Subject + Modal + Base Form of Verb + Objects.
Negative: Subject + Modal + Not + Base Form of Verb + Objects.
Question: Modal + Subject + Base Form of Verb + Objects?
* The most common modals are: Can, Should and Must.
Future
Future with 'Will'
Positive: Subject + will + base form of verb + object(s).
Negative: Subject + will + not + base form of verb + object(s).
Question: Question Word + will + subject + base form of verb?
* `Will` used for quick decisions, predictions, scheduled public events and promises.
Future with 'Going to'
Positive: Subject + to be + going to + base form of verb + object(s).
Negative: Subject + to be + not + going to + base form of verb + object(s).
Question: Question Word + to be + subject + going to + base form of verb?
Expression time: next …, tomorrow, by … and in … time. Feel Fee to Ask Questions.Mehdi Sufi 00989128603398

2. * ‘Going to’ used for planned decisions, predicting an action that you see is about to happen and future intentions.
Countable and Uncountable
* Uncountable name like water and countable name like minute.
* Use “most, much, lots of, a lot of, some, a little and little” with uncountable nouns.
* Use “many, lots of, a lot of, several, some, not many, only a few and few” with countable nouns.
* Use a/an only with countable nouns preceded by an adjective(s).
List of some of the most common confused uncountable
Accommodation
Advice
Baggage
Bread
Equipment
Furniture
Garbage
Information
Knowledge
Luggage
Money
News
Pasta
Progress
Research
Travel
work
Comparative Forms
* Use 'than' to compare between two objects.
* Add '-er' to end of one or ending in '-y' syllable adjectives.
* Place 'more' before two, three or more syllable adjectives.
EXCEPTIONS:
Adjective
Comparative
Adjective
Comparative
Good
Better
Bad
Worse
Superlative Forms
* Place 'the' before one syllable adjective and add '-est' to end of it.
* Place 'the most' before two, three or more syllable adjectives.
* Place 'the' before two syllable adjectives ending in '-y' and remove the 'y' from it and add 'iest'.
EXCEPTIONS:
Adjective
Superlative
Adjective
Superlative
Good
The best
Bad
The worst
Imperative Form
Positive: Base Form of Verb + Objects.
Negative: Do + Not + Base Form of Verb + Objects.
Adverb and Adjective
* Adjectives are placed directly before a noun. Also it used in simple sentences with the verb 'to be' to describe the subject.
* Adverbs ends in '-ly' (with a few exceptions!). It are often used at the end of a sentence to modify the verb.
Present Perfect Tense
Positive: Subject + have + past participle + object(s).
Negative: Subject + have + not + past participle + object(s).
Question: WH? + have + subject + past participle?
Expression time:
- Use 'for' to indicate a duration or period of time.
- Use 'since' to indicate a specific point in time.
- Use 'How long' to ask about duration.
- Others: yet, already and just.
Past Simple
The past simple is used to express a finished past action which occurs at a specific moment in the past.
Positive: Subject + past form of verb + object(s) + time.
Negative: Subject + did + not + base form of verb + object(s) + time.
Question: WH? + did + subject + base form of verb + object(s) + time?
Expression time: when, last …, yesterday, ago.
Present Continuous
Use the present continuous to speak about what is happening at the present moment in time, around the present moment, or for a future scheduled event.
Positive: Subject + to be + verb + ing + objects.
Negative: Subject + are not + verb + ing + objects.
Question: WH? + do + subject + verb + ing + objects ?
Stative Verbs
Stative verbs are verbs which express a state. It can’t be used in the continuous forms. Action verbs are verbs which express something a person does.
Believe
Understand
Think
Want
Hope
Smell
Taste
Feel
Sound
Look
Seem
Appear
Any or Some
- Use “any” or “some” in positive sentences.
- Use “any” in negative sentences.
- Use “any” or “some” in questions.
- Use “some” words - somebody, someone, somewhere and something - in positive sentences.
- Use “any” words - anybody, anyone, anywhere and anything - in negative sentences or questions.
In, On, To and At for Places
- Use ‘in’ with spaces, bodies of water and lines.
- Use ‘at’ with places.
- Use ‘on’ with surfaces, directions and small islands.
- Use ‘to’ with movement from one place to another.
- But don’t use 'to' with 'home'.
In, At and On for Time
- Use 'in' with months, years and periods of time.
- Use 'at' with precise time.
- Use 'on' with days of the week or specific calendar days.
- Use 'in' with “morning”, “afternoon” or” evening”.
- Use 'at' with “night”.
Like
- [Preposition] What's he like?
- [Verb] What does he like?
- [Preposition] What does she look like?
- [Verb] What would you like to drink?
Feel Fee to Ask Questions.Mehdi Sufi 00989128603398