Salah satu pendekatan, cara dalam menganalisa data kualitatif, hasil wawancara, fokus group diskusi, hasil gambar, diary, naratif dll

1. TheCoding Manuals for
Qualitative Researchers
Najmah, SKM, MPH, PhD
Fb: Najmah Usman/ Ig Najmahusman.7/
E: najmah@fkm.unsri.ac.id

2. Aim
 Students are able to understand about manual
coding
 Students are able to apply manual coding
 Students are able to practise independently
related to manual coding on qualitative data

3.  My supervisors told me “use your brain to cook
your data, please apply manual
codings”......................
 (Najmah, research note, 2017)

4. Schematic
representation
of
the planning
and conduct of
the study

5. What we will
learn today
Definition and examples of codes and
categories
The roles in qualitative data analysis
The importance of researcher’s reflection
in coding process

6. Important
notes
 The manual coding does not subscribe to any
one specific research genre or methodology
 No one, including myself, can claim final
authority on the utility of coding or the best
ways to analyse qualitative data
 Coding is just one way of analysing qualitative
data, not the way

7. What isCode
 A code in qualitative inquiry is most often a word or
short phrase that symbolically assigns a summative,
salient, essence-capturing, and/or evocative
attribute for a portion of language-based or visual
data
 In qualitative data analysis, a code is a researcher-
generated construct that symbolised or
“translates” data and thus attributes interpreted
meaning to each individual datum for later purposes
of pattern detection, categorisation, assertion or
proposition development, theory building and
other analytic processes

8. codes
recodes
categories THEORY

9. A streamlined
codes-to-
theory model
for qualitative
inquiry

10. EXERCISE CODING
EXAMPLES, PATTERNS AND
ANGLES

11. The Exercise ofCoding
Manual forQualitative
Research
Najmah, SKM, MPH, PhD
Fb: Najmah Usman/ Ig Najmahusman.7/
E: najmah@fkm.unsri.ac.id

12. ANALYTICAL
MEMO
WRITING
 Analytic memo writing documents reflections on:Your
coding processes and code choices how the process of
inquiry is taking shape; the emergent patterns,
categories and sub-categories, themes, and concepts
in your data-all possibly leading toward theory
 Memos are sites of conversation with ourselves about
our data (Clarke, 2005)

13. Example of
CODING
Through my drama experience I found a voice to express
the anger and hidden emotions that I was experiencing
at that time. It was life-saving therapy for me to yell and
scream and cry by becoming someone else- DRAMA
ASTHERAPHY
I had been sexually abused when I was 11 years old and
never told anyone until I was 30 and went through years
of counselling. When my family moved from [a west
coast state] when I was a sophomore, my data started
having an affair with a woman that he eventually
married in January 1978 after leaving our home in
November 1977 FAMILY INSTABILITY

14. Example of
CODING
 When I was a junior, I sat in the doctor’s office as he
explained that although I was a perfectly normal,
healthy 17 year old, I would never be able to have
children. I had gone through an early menopause for
some unknown reason and started taking hormone
replacement therapy-which I still do to this day. My
mom, although she meant well, told me to never
anyone because they would look at me as “damaged
goods” “Damaged good”
 That’s why I was never close with anyone in high school
because I was afraid they would find out the secrets
that I was hiding Hiding secret

15. Coding
examples:
AnAnalytic
memo sketch
SEXUAL
ABUSE
 FAMILY
INSTABILITY
“DAMAGED
GOODS”
DRAMA AS
THERAPY
HIDING
SECRETS

16. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=APKaNT7SYQ8
Try to listen what the HIV-positive women aspire and
write coding examples; write the lyrics....and listen again..

17.  Oi ibu-ibu janganlah takut
 Tes HIV idak menakutkan
 Bukan mak itu oi mak aku
 Ngologik dio dak semudah itu
 O ibu-ibu janganlah lolo
 Zaman sekarang lanang dak karuan
 Oi makmano aku na tahu
 Aman idak tes duo-duonyo

HIV test is not scary
Lack of power
Be a smart women
Equal gender for HIV
test

18.  Payo bu bidan tawari aku
 Tes HIV biar anakku sehat
 Apo ibu sakit HIV
 Aku dak galak perikso ibu

 Aku galak dites HIV
 Demi kesehatan aku samo budak
 Apo bu bidan galak tertular
 Kalau taunyo aku positif jugo
Midwive’s role in offering HIV test
Stigma on women with HIV
Willingness to HIV test for the
health mother and child
Offering HIV test to protect
midwife

19. In the following mapping, I combine with:
Cuk Ma Ilang’s lyrics;
HIV-positive women’s reflection through focus
group discussion;
The process of creating modified new lyrics of Cuk
Ma Ilang; and
My reflection notes (memo)

21. Coding
Patterns

23. LET’SWE DO EXERCISE

24. Transcribe &
Coding
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xn0bfC2f25g

25. More Reading: