37. ;b/ To participate in court sessions; to present
their opinions and arguments at court sessions in
order to protect their legitimate rights and
interests;c/ To appeal against court judgments and
decisions regarding matters directly related to
their interests and obligations;d/ To complain
about procedural decisions and acts of the bodies
and persons with procedure-conducting competence;
2. Persons with interests and obligations related
to criminal cases must be present in response to
the summonses of investigating bodies, procuracies
or subpoenas of courts, and present honestly
details directly related to their interests and
obligations.第59條〔利害關係人之辯護人〕〔第1項〕
被害人、民事原告、民事被告、與刑案有利益或義務關係
之人,有權委請律師、人民律師或其他經偵查機關、檢察
官或法官同意之人,來維護其利益。〔第2項〕利害關係
人之辯護人在刑事程序對被告開啟時起,即得參與。〔第
3項〕關係人之辯護人有下列權利:a提出文件、物件及請
求、b偵查結束後閱覽、摘錄、影印卷宗內與維護相關人
合法利益之文件、c參與法庭上的辯論及提問,閱覽法院
的筆錄、d對偵查機關或人員的程序決定或作為提出異議
被害人、民事原告、民事被告的辯護人(代理人)有權依本
法之規定,要求更換偵查人員、鑑定人及翻譯人員。關係
人如為未成年人或身心障礙者,當其接受偵查機關詢問時
其辯護人(代理人)有權在場;並得對法院所為,與其所辯
護(代理)者之利益或義務相關之裁判,提起上訴。〔第4
項〕關係人之辯護人(代理人)有下列義務:a聲請法律所
規定之措施以澄清案件之真相、b對其所代理的關係人提
供法律協助,以保護其合法權利及利益。Article 59. -
Defense counsels of interests of involved parties
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38. 1.Victims, civil plaintiffs, civil defendants,
persons with interests and obligations related to
criminal cases shall all have the right to ask
lawyers, people’s advocates or other persons, who
are accepted by investigating bodies, procuracies
or courts, to protect their interests.
2. Defense counsels of the interests of the
involved parties may participate in the procedure
from the time when criminal proceedings are
initiated against the accused.
3. Defense counsels of the interests of the involv
ed parties shall have the following rights:a/ To
produce documents, objects as well as claims;
b/ After the investigation completes, to read,take
note of and copy documents in the case files,
which are related to the protection of the
interests of the involved parties according to law
provisions;c/ To participate in questioning and
arguing at court sessions; to read the minutes of
court sessions;d/ To complain about procedural
decisions and acts of the bodies and persons with
procedure-conducting competence.Defense counsels
of the interests of victims, civil plaintiffs,
civil defendants shall have the right to request
the change of procedure-conducting persons,
experts and/or interpreters in accordance with the
provisions of this Code.For involved parties being
minors or persons with physical or mental defects,
the defense counsels of their interests shall have
the right to be present when the procedure-conduc
ting bodies are taking statements from the persons
83
39. whom they protect; to appeal parts of court
judgments or decisions regarding the interests and
obligations of the persons whom they protect.
4. The defense counsels of the interests of the
involved parties shall have the following obligati
ons:a/ To apply all measures prescribed by law to
contribute to clarifying the truths of the cases;
b/ To provide the involved parties with legal
assistance in order to protect their legitimate
rights and interests.)該供詞紀錄記載:權益相關人
之訴訟參與資格;招供人已獲解釋其依據刑事訴訟法第54
條規定之相關權益等語,然觀之前開檢察事務官之「勘驗
筆錄」,並無記載越南公安部警察有無權利告知之細節(
參越南資料卷第33頁反面「勘驗筆錄」),是依上開供詞
紀錄形式上之記載僅能推定越南公安部警察已經告知受詢
問人相關權利。該國刑事訴訟法第49條有犯罪嫌疑人之規
定(依該條第1項規定,犯罪嫌疑人係指對其開啟刑事訴
訟程序〔立案〕之人。Article49. - The accused1.Thea
ccused are persons against whom criminal proceedin
gs have been initiated);且亦有第55條「證人」之規
定(Article55. - Witnesses),何以越南公安部警察係
以「對於刑事案件有利益或義務之人」之身分詢問之?可
能的原因之一,或許是在本案請求司法互助之初,越南司
法機關最早獲得之請求內容為我國檢察官提出之「正從事
一項關於違反刑法之調查及準備可能之追訴,請求同意我
方指派4名檢察官赴越調查」之訊息,因而認為刑事程序
尚未開啟,是以僅以「對於刑事案件有利益或義務之人」
之身分對呂氏幸詢問(參酌前述有關德國偵查機關選擇
以司法互助取證時,德國刑事追訴機關必須承擔義務,在
外國訊問之準備階段,必須設法使外國尊重德國刑事訴訟
法諸如告知義務等取證之基本規定乙節,此時,我國檢察
93