Personality Traits of effective Enterprise Architects
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Enterprise Architecture is a relatively new field. It is difficult to find, hire, train, and retain good enterprise architects. But what personality traits can be used to find a good enterprise architect? Nick Malik started by surveying dozens of Chief Architects and CIOs, asking them to describe their best enterprise architects on a personality trait scale. The results were surprising. We are hiring for the wrong traits and, in some cases, we are not encouraging the traits that lead to success. Dig in.
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Personality Traits of effective Enterprise Architects
- 1. PERSONALITY TRAITS OF EFFECTIVE ENTERPRISE ARCHITECTS What traits do you hire for? What traits do you encourage in your staff? What traits do your most effective architects have? UPDATED Presentation
- 2. A. Nicklas Malik Enterprise Architecture • EA and DigitalTransformation • Technologist for 31 years • Enterprise Architect 15 years • Former CIO • Author, Speaker, Storyteller Avinash.Malik@Infosys.com Nick@VanguardEA.com
- 3. Contents • Introduction to the research • HEXACO vs. EA-scale • Defining Successful and Unsuccessful • Results for each trait • What do you hire for? • What do you encourage?
- 4. HEXACO vs. EA- Scale Honesty - Humility Humility Versus Confidence Emotionality Emotionality Versus Detachment Extraversion Extrovert Versus Introvert Agreeableness Agreeable Versus Tempestuous Conscientious- ness Order Versus Disorder Openness to Experience Bright Shiny Object Versus Stick to What Works Useful > Mathematical
- 5. What Six Dimensions Looks Like Humility Confidence Emotionality Detachment Extravert Introvert Tempestuous Agreeable Order Disorder Stick to What Works Bright Shiny Object
- 6. A Successful Architect As a result of their presence and efforts, the Enterprise Architecture program grew in size or scope. As a result of their contribution, business stakeholders felt more comfortable using the services of the Enterprise Architecture team. As a result of their mentoring, team members improved in their skills and effectiveness as an Enterprise Architect.
- 7. An Unsuccessful Architect As a result of their presence and efforts, the Enterprise Architecture program shrank in size or scope, or was dismantled altogether. As a result of their contribution, business stakeholders lost confidence in using the services of the Enterprise Architecture team. Due in part to their personality or skills, none of their team members improved in their skills and effectiveness as an Enterprise Architect, or their skills atrophied.
- 8. Humility vs. Confidence: Unobtrusive and self deprecating Follows the steps in the framework to produce the expected outputs A regular person just using facts to show things A Charmer or a Storyteller A Self Confident Convincer As long as the architect is not unobtrusive and self deprecating, this personality trait has no influence on success. Successful Unsuccessful
- 9. Emotionality vs. Detachment: Anxious and concerned about stakeholder feelings and seeks approval before proceeding Seeks some validation in their deliverables and opinions, cares about building community Relatively confident in stressful situations but wary of getting too far away from consensus A bit of a lone wolf, may push for things the customer needs but did not ask for Detached and unafraid, this architect does not need validation of others to be right Most of the successful architects fell within the center, away from the extremes of this personality measure. Successful Unsuccessful
- 10. Extrovert vs. Introvert: Socially skilled and upbeat, loves working in groups and meetings Social and friendly, occasionally "visits" with colleagues Capable and friendly, sometimes quiet. Doesn't bother with small talk. Often alone and quiet but joins a group when invited, participates in meetings Sometimes awkward, and often alone, avoids meetings. May be seen as grumpy or aloof Every effective architect falls to the extrovert end of the spectrum in their professional behavior. However, not all extroverts are effective. Successful Unsuccessful
- 11. Agreeable vs. Tempestuous: After a slight, or a mistake, this architect quietly accepts the situation and moves on Willing to give up a good idea in favor of compromise, this architect finds common ground every time Occasionally picks a battle worth winning, this architect avoids grudges but will be critical of poor performers Stubborn but willing to negotiate, this architect is often critical of others and may engage in gossip Frequently holds long term grudges, this architect will stubbornly defend an idea. Every battle must be won. Successful architects tend toward the agreeable end with the overwhelming majority in the center. Tempestuous architects fail. Successful Unsuccessful
- 12. Order vs. Disorder: Careful and detailed, this architect may miss a deadline to deliver an artifact that has more data than needed Focused on measurable results, this architect is concerned with accuracy and detail Willing to live with "good enough", this architect is occasionally distracted but usually hits their goals Often interrupted, this architect has his or her hands in many things at once, often struggling to keep up Somewhat messy, and often distracted, but reliable, this architect delivers work that is "usually good enough". Effective architects are conscientious, focused on measurable results, and willing to live with “good enough” Successful Unsuccessful
- 13. Bright Shiny Object vs. Stick to What Works Refers to seemingly unrelated or "out of the box" ideas in their work tending toward new approaches over existing practices. Loves to learn and often incorporate new concepts in their work. Creatively combines ideas, concepts, and reference implementations in uncommon but interesting ways. Regularly researches new ideas and occasionally present them to the team. Focuses on "tried and true" patterns to deliver highly- functional designs, extending in small ways that others recommend. Adopts new ideas at their employer’s request. Resists new ideas but is willing to compromise when their team has been convinced. Only occasionally researches a new idea or learns on their own. Unaware of new ideas, tools, or approaches and seems uninterested in learning them. With a clear bias towards the creatives side, effective architects look for ways to build their teams and research new ideas. Successful Unsuccessful
- 14. An Effective Enterprise Architect Builds consensus and community while seeking validation for their work Creative and Inquisitive. Shares new ideas with their team. Socially skilled, friendly and upbeat Picks a battle worth fighting but does not hold a grudge Well organized, accurate and detail oriented
- 15. WHAT TRAITS DO YOU HIRE FOR? The list of traits and how they align Where managers look during hiring Where they focus on growth
- 16. Patience Forgiveness . Gentleness . Flexibility . Sincerity . Fairness . Modesty Alignment of traits Altruistic Bright Shiny Object vs. Stick toWhatWorks Aesthetic Appreciation Inquisitiveness Creativity Unconventionality Order vs. Disorder Agreeable vs. Tempestuous Humility vs. Confidence Emotionality vs. Detachment Extrovert vs. Introvert Well Organized Detail Oriented Prudence Social Self Esteem Social Boldness Sociability Liveliness Courage Calmness Self Reliance Empathy
- 17. 0.00 2.00 4.00 6.00 8.00 10.00 12.00 14.00 16.00 Sociability Prudent Liveliness Aesthetic appreciation Altruistic Forgiveness Modesty Social Self-esteem Well organized Unconventional Sincerity Calmness Fairness Detail oriented Gentleness Self-Reliance Flexibility Patience Inquisitiveness Creativity Social Boldness Empathy Courage 4.30 4.35 5.00 5.09 6.52 6.65 7.35 7.65 7.78 8.09 8.87 8.87 9.09 9.09 9.30 9.43 10.74 10.78 11.00 11.13 11.91 12.74 14.26What Traits do you hire for? Courage - willingness to face situations of unknown professional risk Empathy - forms emotional attachments and feels empathy towards the feelings of others Social Boldness - comfortable and/or confident when speaking, participating, or sharing with others Creativity - enjoys innovating and experimentation, creates original ideas Inquisitiveness - seeks information about, and experience with, ideas outside of normal experiences Patience - remains calm in situations where others may become angry Flexibility - willingness to compromise and cooperate. Opposite of stubborn. Self-Reliance - needs minimal emotional support or approval from others Total points on a scale of 0-200
- 18. Are we hiring architects well? Yes and No. Caveat: These findings are preliminary, and the collection methodology needs improvement. Take with a grain of salt. Doing this right Avoid the extremes in these traits Also look for these traits Creativity Patience Inquisitiveness • Courage • Empathy • Self-Reliance Well Organized Detail Oriented Prudence Sociability Liveliness Self Esteem Forgiveness Flexibility
- 19. 0.00 2.00 4.00 6.00 8.00 10.00 12.00 14.00 16.00 Aesthetic appreciation Liveliness Sociability Gentleness Social Self-esteem Unconventionality Altruism Calmness Sincerity Social Boldness Modesty Prudence Detail orientation Forgiveness Patience Empathy Fairness Self-Reliance Well organized Courage Inquisitiveness Creativity Flexibility 4.57 5.00 5.05 5.24 5.86 6.38 6.48 6.67 7.48 7.76 8.00 9.14 10.05 10.05 10.14 10.19 10.67 11.19 11.67 11.71 12.81 12.95 14.90What do you emphasize for personal growth? Flexibility - willingness to compromise and cooperate. Opposite of stubborn. Creativity - enjoys innovating and experimentation, creates original ideas Inquisitiveness - seeks information about, and experience with, ideas outside of normal experiences Courage - willingness to face situations of unknown professional risk Well organized - stays tidy and uses a structured approach to achieving specific goals Self-Reliance - needs minimal emotional support or approval from others Fairness - avoid fraud, cheating, or back room dealings Empathy - forms emotional attachments and feels empathy towards the feelings of others Total points on a scale of 0-200
- 20. Encouraging Personal Growth We are correctly encouraging these Encourage these as well Creativity Inquisitiveness Courage Well organized Unconventional Thinking Detail Oriented Caveat: These findings are preliminary, and the collection methodology needs improvement. Take with a grain of salt. Seek to strike a careful balance in o Calmness o Self Reliance o Empathy o Patience o Forgiveness o Flexibility
- 21. Conclusions • Many of the traits that correlate with success are obvious, like social boldness, seeking consensus, and inquisitiveness. • Other traits are surprising. – Being well organized, detail oriented, and prudent are traits that align well to success, yet we do not hire for them. – Being confident or a charming storyteller does not equate to success. Other factors matter more. • Traits associated with being an extrovert in professional settings correlate highly to success. We should focus on hiring for social skills.
- 22. Works referenced • Lee, K., & Ashton, M. C. (2008).The HEXACO personality factors in the indigenous personality lexicons of English and 11 other languages. Journal of Personality, 76, 1001- 1053. • Ashton, M. C., & Lee, K. (2007). Empirical, theoretical, and practical advantages of the HEXACO model of personality structure. Personality and Social Psychology Review, 11, 150-166. • Lee, Kibeom. The H Factor of Personality:Why Some People Are Manipulative,Self-Entitled, Materialistic, and Exploitive AndWhy It Matters for Everyone: Kibeom Lee, MichaelC. Ashton: 9781554588343
- 23. Two Co-Located Conferences Please Score and Comment on this session and speaker via the Conference Mobile App Europe 2019 21-24 October 2019 Produced By
Notes de l'éditeur
- I was not going to use the long form questionnaire from Lee and Ashton. I was going to ask a single question for each dimension. I wanted to share the names of the dimensions, so I needed to remove any bias toward one side of the scale. Also, I wanted to focus the dimensions away from day-to-day life and focus on how they are expressed in the workplace.
- The bad thing about this visualization is that the scales are really independent of one another. Adjacency doesn’t mean anything. That’s the downside of using a two-dimensional diagram for an n-dimensional illustration.
- At one end of the scale, a humble architect avoids manipulating others, is not tempted to break rules, and feel no special entitlement to elevated social status. At the other end, a confident architect will flatter others to get agreement, is inclined to break rules to achieve ends, and feel a strong sense of self importance. Unobtrusive and self deprecating Follows the steps in the framework to produce the expected outputs A regular person just using facts to show things A Charmer or a Storyteller A Self Confident Convincer Effective architects break down as follows: Unobtrusive and self deprecating 4.00% Follows the steps in the framework to produce the expected outputs 24.00% A regular person just using facts to show things 24.00% a Charmer or a Storyteller 24.00% A Self Confident Convincer 24.00% Ineffective architects break down as follows: Unobtrusive and self deprecating 12.50% Follows the steps in the framework to produce the expected outputs 20.83% A regular person just using facts to show things 20.83% a Charmer or a Storyteller 20.83% A Self Confident Convincer 25.00%
- On one end of the spectrum, an emotional architect will experience anxiety in response to stress, seek emotional support from others, and feel empathy and sentimental attachments with others, including stakeholders. On the other end, a detached architect will feel little worry even in stressful situations, will have little need to share their concerns with others, and may be emotionally detached from others. Anxious and concerned about stakeholder feelings and seeks approval before proceeding Seeks some validation in their deliverables and opinions, cares about building community Relatively confident in stressful situations but wary of getting too far away from consensus A bit of a lone wolf, may push for things the customer needs but did not ask for Detached and unafraid, this architect does not need validation of others to be right Successful architects break down as follows: Anxious and concerned about stakeholder feelings and seeks approval before proceeding 0.00% Seeks some validation in their deliverables and opinions, cares about building community 48.00% Relatively confident in stressful situations but wary of getting too far away from consensus 36.00% A bit of a lone wolf, may push for things the customer needs but did not ask for 4.00% Detached and unafraid, this architect does not need validation of others to be right 12.00% Unsuccessful breaks down as follows: Anxious and concerned about stakeholder feelings and seeks approval before proceeding 29.17% Seeks some validation in their deliverables and opinions, cares about building community 12.50% Relatively confident in stressful situations but wary of getting too far away from consensus 0.00% A bit of a lone wolf, may push for things the customer needs but did not ask for 25.00% Detached and unafraid, this architect does not need validation of others to be right 33.33%
- Architects on one end of this spectrum feel positively about themselves, feel confident when leading or addressing groups of people, enjoy social gatherings and interactions, and experience positive feelings of enthusiasm and energy. On the other end, an architect may consider themselves to be unpopular, feel awkward when they are the center of social attention, are indifferent to social activities, and feel less lively and optimistic than others do. Socially skilled and upbeat, loves working in groups and meetings Social and friendly, occasionally "visits" with colleagues Capable and friendly, sometimes quiet. Doesn't bother with small talk. Often alone and quiet but joins a group when invited, participates in meetings Sometimes awkward, and often alone, avoids meetings. May be seen as grumpy or aloof Effective architects break down as follows: Socially skilled and upbeat, loves working in groups and meetings 52.00% Social and friendly, occasionally "visits" with colleagues 28.00% Capable and friendly, sometimes quiet. Doesn't bother with small talk. 20.00% Often alone and quiet but joins a group when invited, participates in meetings 0.00% Sometimes awkward, and often alone, avoids meetings. May be seen as grumpy or aloof 0.00% Ineffective break down as follows: Socially skilled and upbeat, loves working in groups and meetings 20.83% Social and friendly, occasionally "visits" with colleagues 20.83% Capable and friendly, sometimes quiet. Doesn't bother with small talk. 4.17% Often alone and quiet but joins a group when invited, participates in meetings 20.83% Sometimes awkward, and often alone, avoids meetings. May be seen as grumpy or aloof 33.33%
- On one end, a highly agreeable architect is quick to forgive the wrongs that they suffered, is lenient in judging others, is willing to compromise and cooperate with others, and can easily control their temper. Conversely, a tempestuous architect may hold grudges against those who have disagreed with or challenged them, are rather critical of others' shortcomings, are stubborn in defending their point of view, and feel anger readily in response to a loss of face. After a slight, or a mistake, this architect quietly accepts the situation and moves on Willing to give up a good idea in favor of compromise, this architect finds common ground every time Occasionally picks a battle worth winning, this architect avoids grudges but will be critical of poor performers Stubborn but willing to negotiate, this architect is often critical of others and may engage in gossip Frequently holds long term grudges, this architect will stubbornly defend an idea. Every battle must be won. Effective breaks down as follows After a slight, or a mistake, this architect quietly accepts the situation and moves on 8.00% Willing to give up a good idea in favor of compromise, this architect finds common ground every time 16.00% Occasionally picks a battle worth winning, this architect avoids grudges but will be critical of poor performers 68.00% Stubborn but willing to negotiate, this architect is often critical of others and may engage in gossip 8.00% Frequently holds long term grudges, this architect will stubbornly defend an idea. Every battle must be won. 0.00% Ineffective breaks down as follows After a slight, or a mistake, this architect quietly accepts the situation and moves on 8.33% Willing to give up a good idea in favor of compromise, this architect finds common ground every time 20.83% Occasionally picks a battle worth winning, this architect avoids grudges but will be critical of poor performers 4.17% Stubborn but willing to negotiate, this architect is often critical of others and may engage in gossip 12.50% Frequently holds long term grudges, this architect will stubbornly defend an idea. Every battle must be won. 54.17%
- On one end of the scale, the architect will organize their time and their physical surroundings, work in a disciplined way toward their goals, strive for accuracy and perfection in their tasks, and deliberate carefully when making decisions. On the other end of the scale, the architect tends to be unconcerned with orderly surroundings or schedules, avoids difficult tasks or challenging goals, is satisfied with work that contains some errors, and makes decisions on emotion rather than data. Careful and detailed, this architect may miss a deadline to deliver an artifact that has more data than needed Focused on measurable results, this architect is concerned with accuracy and detail Willing to live with "good enough", this architect is occasionally distracted but usually hits their goals Often interrupted, this architect has his or her hands in many things at once, often struggling to keep up Somewhat messy, and often distracted, but reliable, this architect delivers work that is "usually good enough". Effective architects break down as follows Careful and detailed, this architect may miss a deadline to deliver an artifact that has more data than needed 4.00% Focused on measurable results, this architect is concerned with accuracy and detail 52.00% Willing to live with "good enough", this architect is occasionally distracted but usually hits their goals 44.00% Often interrupted, this architect has his or her hands in many things at once, often struggling to keep up 0.00% Somewhat messy, and often distracted, but reliable, this architect delivers work that is "usually good enough". 0.00% Ineffective architects break down as follows Careful and detailed, this architect may miss a deadline to deliver an artifact that has more data than needed 20.83% Focused on measurable results, this architect is concerned with accuracy and detail 12.50% Willing to live with "good enough", this architect is occasionally distracted but usually hits their goals 12.50% Often interrupted, this architect has his or her hands in many things at once, often struggling to keep up 37.50% Somewhat messy, and often distracted, but reliable, this architect delivers work that is "usually good enough". 16.67%
- On one end of this scale, an architect finds beauty in nature, art, and systems. They are inquisitive about various domains of knowledge, use their imagination freely in everyday life, and take an interest in unusual ideas or people. An architect at the other end of the scale is rather unimpressed by most works of art, feels little intellectual curiosity, avoids creative pursuits, and feels little attraction toward ideas that may seem radical or unconventional. This architect will refer to seemingly unrelated or "out of the box" ideas in their work tending toward new approaches over existing practices. They love to learn new ideas and techniques and often incorporate new concepts in their work. The architect will creatively combine ideas, concepts, and reference implementations in uncommon but interesting ways. They regularly research new ideas and occasionally present them to the team. The architect will focus on "tried and true" patterns to deliver highly-functional designs, extending in small ways that others recommend. They will adopt new ideas when their employer requests them to. The architect will resist new ideas but is willing to compromise when their team has been convinced. They only occasionally research a new idea or learn on their own. The architect is unaware of new ideas, tools, or approaches and seems uninterested in learning them Effective breaks down as follows This architect will refer to seemingly unrelated or "out of the box" ideas 0.00% The architect will creatively combine ideas, concepts, and reference implementations in interesting ways. 76.00% The architect will focus on "tried and true" patterns to deliver highly-functional designs. 20.00% The architect will resist new ideas but is willing to compromise when their team has been convinced. 4.00% The architect is unaware of new ideas, tools, or approaches and seems uninterested in learning them 0.00% Ineffective breaks down as follows This architect will refer to seemingly unrelated or "out of the box" ideas. 16.67% The architect will creatively combine ideas, concepts, and reference implementations in interesting ways. 8.33% The architect will focus on "tried and true" patterns to deliver highly-functional designs 12.50% The architect will resist new ideas but is willing to compromise when their team has been convinced. 25.00% The architect is unaware of new ideas, tools, or approaches and seems uninterested in learning them 37.50%
- HEXACO provides for 25 traits for the six dimensions I used 23 of them. I deleted two. One was Diligence. – the tendency to work hard. I deleted that because you don’t hire for diligence. You simply fire for lack of diligence. It’s therefore not a question worth asking in a corporate setting The other was Greed Avoidance (in the Humility Dimension). I inserted a personal bias as a hiring manager on this one. Our capitalistic society intentionally rewards people who appear to desire wealth. We use it to motivate people. Yet we reinforce the behavior of “not” showing off wealth in the workplace. Given the taboos around talking about greed, And the limited impact it would have on architecture work, asking about greed avoidance would not produce meaningful third-party answers. Note that Altruistic does not align to a single dimension in Hexaco.
- Full Descriptions Self-Reliance - needs minimal emotional support or approval from others Creative - enjoys innovating and experimentation, creates original ideas Inquisitive - seeks information about, and experience with, ideas outside of normal experiences Patient - remains calm in situations where others may become angry Social Boldness - comfortable and/or confident when speaking, participating, or sharing with others Courage - willingness to face situations of unknown professional risk Empathy - forms emotional attachments and feels empathy towards the feelings of others Sincerity - being genuine in interpersonal relations Calmness - copes well with stressful situations, shows low levels of anxiety Unconventional - willing to accept unusual ideas and non-conforming people Forgiveness - willing to trust and even like people, even after disagreements Fairness - avoid fraud, cheating, or back room dealings Aesthetic appreciation - appreciates beauty in art and nature Flexibility - willingness to compromise and cooperate. Opposite of stubborn. Altruistic - reacts with generosity and avoids causing harm to others Well organized - stays tidy and uses a structured approach to achieving specific goals Liveliness - enthusiastic and cheerful Modesty - view oneself as ordinary without claims to special treatment Detail oriented - takes careful attention to accuracy, avoiding mistakes Social Self-esteem - has a positive self regard in social settings. Believes others like him or her Prudent - carefully deliberate and non impulsive Gentleness - willing to judge people mildly and deal with them leniently Sociability - enjoys social situations, talking, and parties. Outwardly extroverted
- We hire for Creativity, Patience and Inquisitiveness, and these traits align very well with successful architects. We hire for courage, empathy, and self reliance, very strongly hitting the dimension of emotionality vs. detachment. Yet, the most successful architects are in the middle of that spectrum, not at either end. We ask for all three, but success requires a balance of each. All the successful architects are in the center of the agreeableness spectrum, yet we are only hiring for one of the traits: patience. We need to look for a balance of forgiveness, gentleness, and flexibility as well. We are not hiring for being well organized, detail oriented or prudent, yet those traits strongly correlate with success. This is the biggest “miss” of the findings. We hire for Social Boldness, yet the most effective architects also exhibit sociability, liveliness and self esteem. We should be hiring for more socially extroverted traits than we are.
- Full descriptions are on a prior slide
- We are not hiring for Prudence or Detail orientation, yet these traits are both important to success and the highest focus for self improvement in the staff. Patience correlates with effectiveness, yet we are not encouraging the trait of patience. We don’t encourage empathy, yet empathy is a substantial requirement for human-centered design and digital transformation.