We are currenlty living in times of great transformation. We have over the last couple of decade seen the Internet become the most powerful disrupting force in the world, connecting everyone and transforming businesses. Now everyday objects - things we use are getting smart with sensors and software. And they are connecting. What does this mean?
In this lecture we explore the Internet of Things, IoT.
3. “Some have suggested that the internet of things
“changes everything,” but that is a dangerous
oversimplification.”
- Michael E. Porter & James E. Heppelmann
4. “How is it when I hit the switch,
the light bulb comes on?”
Source: Sanjay Sarma
6. Classifying Sensors
By what you measure (measured)
By how you measure directly:
Acoustic signal strength, or chemical concentration, or
optical signal, or magnetic strength
Medical displacement or voltage or chemical reaction
By transduction for indirect measurement
Medical displacement or voltage or chemical reaction
By higher level function
Sensing ID or human gesture or explosive material
7. Sensor Modality
Static time-series: temperature
2D arrays: imaging in electro optical
(light) or infrared
3D sensing: Kinect, or radar
Mobile sensors: Your phone
Scanning sensors: Google Street View
Fiducial sensing: Homing beacons
8. RFID - Radio Frequency Identification
RFID is a Radio Frequency sensing of
fiducial ID RFID tags, with static or moblie
application
9. Radio Frequency Identification
Identifying objects by using radio frequency started early
TIMELINE
1948
Backscatter
1974
Automotive
Licence
Plates
1998
DICS, Auto-ID Center
founded at MIT
2001
First Standards
Presented
2002
Gillette orders
500 million tags
2003
Wal-Mart, DoD
Mandates
2004
More mandates
2005
First bulk tagging
2010
Wal-Mart tags all
men’s innerware, socks
2013
4.1 billion EPC tags
10. RFID Hypothesis
Make the chip simple and just do identification
Place a unique number on tag
Electronic Product Code, EPS
Develop manufacturing technology for
small chips and tags
Move data to the network
11.
12. RFID Design
Design Principles
1. Use the Cloud (put data on the Internet)
2. Hourglass architecture
Reader standard, event standard
3. All interfaces are standardised
13. Market Growth
4-5 Gen 2 RFID tags in 2014
Growth expected:
Healthcare expected $5 billion by 2022
Total market expected $15 billion by 2022
14. Retail:
- Store front
- Backroom
- Supply chain
Supply Chain
- Pallets
- Cases
- Containers
- Cages and totes
Medical:
- Staff
- Patients
- Equipment
- Pharma
Transportation
- Baggage
- Vehicle/tolls
- Containers
Other:
- Agriculture
- Livestock
- Construction
- Passports
- Posts
- Archiving
- Books
- Tickets
- …
Source: MIT
RFID Application
15.
16. The average U.S. household has 300,000
things, from paper clips to ironing boards.
17. The next revolution has started
Everyday object get sensors and software and
connect to the internet
19. Connecting Products
IT is now integral part of the product themselves
Embedded sensors, processors, software, and connectivity in
products, coupled with a product cloud in which product data
is stored and analyzed and some applications are run, are
driving dramatic improvements in product functionality and
performance.
Source: HBR
23. The Impact of the Smartphone
Smartphone revolution starts 2007
Contains multiple of sensors
Barometer to sense air pressure and relative elevation
Accelerometer to measure distance by walking or running
Gyroscope to measure orientation
Information spillover
28. Physical components comprise the product’s mechanical and
electrical parts
Smart components comprise the sensors, microprocessors,
data storage, controls, software, and, typically, an embedded
operating system and enhanced user interface
Connectivity components comprise the ports, antennae, and
protocols enabling wired or wireless connections with the
product
Smart Connected Things
29. Connectivity takes three forms, which can be present together:
One-to-one: An individual product connects to the user, the
manufacturer, or another product through a port or other
interface
One-to-many: A central system is continuously or intermittently
connected to many products simultaneously
Many-to-many: Multiple products connect to many other types
of products and often also to external data sources
Connectivity
40. What Can Smart, Connected Products Do?
Monitoring
Smart, connected products enable the comprehensive
monitoring of a product’s condition, operation, and
external environment through sensors and external
data sources
Source: HBR
Example: Glucose Monitor
that connects to your smartphone
41. What Can Smart, Connected Products Do?
Control
Smart, connected products can be controlled through
remote commands or algorithms that are built into the
device or reside in the product cloud
Source: HBR
Example: Lockitron door lock
42. What Can Smart, Connected Products Do?
Optimization
The rich flow of monitoring data from smart, connected
products, coupled with the capacity to control product
operation, allows companies to optimize product
performance in numerous ways, many of which have
not been previously possible
Source: HBRExample: Diebold self-repairing AMTs
43. What Can Smart, Connected Products Do?
Autonomy
Monitoring, control, and optimization capabilities
combine to allow smart, connected products to
achieve a previously unattainable level of autonomy.
Source: HBR
Example: iRobot’s Roomba vacuum cleaner
72. Smart Everything - what does this mean
Traditionally we use computer to use software - we control
the software and tell it what to do and when
Now software is becoming aware of our actiona through
sensors, speech and touch
Software is controlling us in real time
73. Smart Everything - what does this mean
This smartness can be for us as an individual helping us,
making our life easier and more productive
This smartness can also help group of people - a whole
city to become more efficient