The document discusses road safety audits for rural roads in India. It provides an overview of the road safety audit process, which involves independent assessment of roads during planning, construction, and after completion to identify safety issues. The objectives are to reduce accidents and their severity. Benefits include fewer accidents and costs. India has high road fatalities, with 61% occurring in rural areas on single-lane, low-traffic volume roads that may be paved or unpaved. The audit methodology examines safety for all road users during each stage of a project.

1. PRESEN TED BY:
PAWA N K U M A R ( 1 6 M 1 4 5 )
A D I T YA U PA D H AYAY ( 1 6 M 1 5 0 )
A M I T K U M A R ( 1 6 M 1 5 5 )
SAFETY AUDIT PROCESS FOR RURAL ROADS
GUIDED BY:
DR. SUNIL SHARMA,
Associate Prof. civil engg.
DEPARTMENT OF CIVIL ENGINEERING,
NIT HAMIRPUR 2016

2. ROAD SAFETY AUDIT
• A Road Safety Audit (RSA) is a formal procedure for
assessing safety performance examination of an existing
or future road or intersection by an independent audit
team.
• Road safety audits can be used in any phase of project
development from planning and preliminary engineering,
design and construction.
• RSAs can also be used on any sized project from minor
rural roads to inter-state National Highways. RSAs can be
viewed as a proactive low-cost approach to improve
safety.

3. OBJECTIVE OF RSA
• Objective of the RSA is to assess projects for potential
accident elimination / reduction on the basis of road user
knowledge, attributes and skills, day/night, wet/dry road
conditions.
• Since our roads are designed and constructed by striking
a socio-economic balance between safety, accessibility,
environment, economy and locally available material and
skill, RSA may determine the shortfall in safety, but may
not be able to correct the deficiencies in pavement
design, drainage, and appropriate space standard etc.

4. BENEFITS OF RSA
• The likelihood of accidents on the road network can
be reduced,
• The severity of accidents can be reduced,
• Road safety is given greater prominence in the
minds of road designers and traffic engineers,
• The need for costly remedial work is reduced
• The total cost of a project to the community, including
accidents, disruption and trauma, is minimized.
• The cost of road safety audit and the consequent cost
of changing a design are significantly less

5. ROAD SAFETY SITUATION IN INDIA

6. ACCIDENTAL SURVEY
• India accounts for 10% or total world’s
fatalities.
• In 2014 there were 450898 case of
accidents(as per MORT&H).
• Socio-economic cost of accidents was reported
at 3% of GDP.

7. ROAD ACCIDENT DEATHS BY
URBAN-RURAL SPLIT (2014)
URBAN
POPULATIO
N
RURAL
POPULATIO
N
ALL INDIA
Population 37.7 cr. 83.3 cr. 121 cr.
Population share 31% 69% 100%
Road accident deaths 54,565 86,961 1,41,526
Road accident deaths per 1 lakh pop. 14.5 10.4 11.7
Share of road accident deaths 39% 61% 100%
Data Source: National Crimes & Records Bureau (NCRN)

8. RURAL ROADS
Rural roads are generally:
• Single lane

9. RURAL ROADS (CONTINUE…)
• Low design speed
• Low traffic volume(both motorised and non motorised)

10. RURAL ROADS (CONTINUE…)
• May be paved or unpaved

11. INVOLVEMENT
• RSA is based on the principle of an independent review.
• In the process of RSA their is involvement of Client, Designer,
Auditor and the Road User.
• The client normally appoints the designer and the auditor who
are two separate consultants.

12. METHODOLOGY
1. Safety Audit can be applied to
a) New Roads
b) Existing / constructed Roads
2. On new roads, the audit will lead to identification of
accident prone situations in rural roads .eg railway
crossing , defective geometry , illegal encroachment
3. On existing or already constructed roads, the audit will
suggest appropriate mitigation measures to reduce the
possibility of accidents

13. METHODOLOGY (CONTINUE…)
Audit team
• The safety audit team should comprise two members.
1. One member should have adequate traffic engineering
and traffic management experience
2. The other should be an engineer with experience in road
design and construction techniques.

14. AUDIT PROCESS

15. STAGES OF AUDIT FOR RURAL ROADS
Road Safety Audit (RSA) basically comprises of three
Stages:
• Stage 1 - Audit during design and planning
• Stage 2 - Audit during Construction
• Stage 3 - Audit after the completion of the project

16. STAGE 1 - AUDIT DURING DESIGN AND PLANNING
• Examining safety issues
1. Specific geometric design features,
2. Traffic control devices,
3. Delineators,
4. Roadside clear zones,
5. Detailed design of intersections,
6. Interchanges,
7. Grade separators,
8. Glare concerns and lighting,

17. SAFETY ISSUES RELATED TO LANDSCAPING
Provision for special road users like
1. School children
2. Persons with disabilities
3. Buses
4. Equestrian
5. Rail roads
6. Heavy trucks

18. STAGE 2 - AUDIT DURING CONSTRUCTION
• Final check prior to opening the facility to ensure that
the safety concerns of all road users have been
addressed and that there are no apparent hazardous
conditions.
• The Audit team needs to actually travel both during the
day and the night in a car, on two wheeler and also in a
non-motorised transport.

19. STAGE 2 - AUDIT DURING CONSTRUCTION
(CONTINUE…)
• The Audit team needs to
1. Include day / night checks
2. Evaluation considering dry / wet weather
3. Driving / riding and walking

20. STAGE 3 - AUDIT AFTER THE COMPLETION
OF THE PROJECT
• An audit of existing roadway to determine……
1. If the safety needs of all road users are currently being served.
It recognizes that a roadway may change over time. Changes may have
resulted from
• Changing road use .
• Encroachments.
• Design inconsistency .
• Ageing infrastructure .
• Inadequate maintenance of road and traffic control devices and other
measures.

21. STAGE 3 - AUDIT AFTER THE COMPLETION OF THE
PROJECT
Points to be emphasized are adequacy of roadway….
1. Roadside and intersections
2. Interchanges
3. Grade separators
4. location of bus stops
5. Truck lay-byes
6. Needs of VRU(vulnerable road users)
7. Access management

22. THANK YOU