Functional Behavior Assessment

Functional Behavior Assessment
Subject and Setting
The subject is a three–year old boy named Levi who has been diagnosed with autism. The setting for
his observation is in his home and front yard at 11:00 am with his mother and little brother present.
His mother reports that he has recently been sick with a cold and is getting restless. It has been five
days since he has had any school services and the date of the observation is the first day he has been
well enough to have visitors. There are no other reported medical or physiological factors that are
known to influence the target behavior.
Target Behavior
The problem behavior being observed is self–injurious behavior. Self–injurious behavior is
operationally defined as: projecting head into forceful contact with any surface and forceful contact
between hand and head/face. Levi's self–injurious behavior occurs hourly at a severe intensity, thus
posing a physical threat to his safety. Engaging in this behavior also impedes Levi from
communicating his needs using verbal language and acquiring additional functional skills. For these
reasons, a Functional Behavior Assessment (FBA) should be performed in order to determine the
cause ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The direct observation data show antecedent behaviors that corroborate this information, but the
consequence stimuli do not appear to maintain this function. If Levi repeatedly gets the tangible
item or activity, he learns to use that behavior to achieve his desired outcome (Alberto and
Troutman, 2013). Following the seven instances that Levi engaged in self–injurious behavior during
the observation, he was denied access to an activity (going outside), over seventy percent of the
time. Thus, it is unlikely that gaining access to a tangible is the primary function of his behavior, as
he is denied access to playing outside as a result of his self–injurious
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Behavior Analysis Principles
Conceptually consistent programs within behavior analysis are those programs that use the
principles of operant learning theory. Sensory integration and mindfulness therapies are not
conceptually consistent with the principles of behavior analysis.
Behavior analysts should be aware of the values their clients' have. The behavior analyst should be
clear about the methods to be used and the underlying conceptual basis for the procedures when
explaining them to the client or clients. This clear explanation may prevent conflicts from arising.
Plagiarism occurs when someone copies another work for their own. When referring to behavior
change programs, plagiarism occurs when a previous client's program is used for another client with
no or ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
My supervisor should regularly observe me and provide feedback of my performance. If I was not
receiving feedback, being observed, or meeting with my supervisor, then I would know that I was
not being effectively supervised. This is a complicated issue because I would not want to anger my
supervisor, but I would need to speak to my supervisor about the lack of contact hours. If the
supervisor has taken on too many responsibilities and does not have time to supervise me, I should
attempt to find another qualified supervisor to supervise

Functional Behavior Analysis
When faced with the challenge of altering a behavior, it is important to understand the components
which surround the behavior. Identifying those things which serve to motivate the individual to
continue engaging in, or not engage in, a behavior; what triggers it; how to define it; how often it
occurs and under what circumstances; are just a few of the questions which need to be answered in
order to effectively plan for change. Behaviors are generally learned and maintained through
positive, negative, or automatic reinforcement, and in the provision of these reinforcing effects, the
behavior serves a function with which to achieve them. Through the completion of a functional
behavior assessment one can systematically gain the information necessary to form a hypothesis as
to why the behavior is occurring, test the hypothesis, and develop a ... Show more content on
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A functional behavior assessment is systematically completed in three consecutive steps. Initially,
information is gathered through indirect assessments via interview, self reports, and those who know
the person well. This serves to define the behavior, provide background information, as well as
provide information about when the behavior is more likely or unlikely to occur and what
environmental variables might influence its occurrence. After this is completed, the professional
conducts a descriptive assessment during which observations are conducted in the natural
environment as a step toward determining a true functional relationship between the behavior and
controlling factors. This is done through the use of observational recording formats such as: ABC
assessments, time sampling, interval recording and structured descriptive assessments. A functional
analysis is the final part of the functional behavioral assessment during which the hypothesis is
tested through the

Organizational Behavior : Organization Behavior
Introduction
Organization behavior is the study and application of information regarding how an individual or
group of people within an organization behaves. According to John Schermerhorn author of the
book Organizational Behavior Twelfth Edition, organizational behavior is the key characteristic used
to maintain and enhance interaction levels amongst employees within a company (Schermerhorn,
2011). There are additional characteristics such as leadership, openness to confer in relation to
issues, and challenges in an attempt to assist a corporation achieve their strategic business
objectives. Organization behavior involves the understanding of critical matters that assist with
comprehending and predicting what influences human behavior and how it will help achieve desired
goals. Organizational behavior is also defined as the investigation of behavioral factors that affect
modern organizations and their management at the individual, group, and organization–wide levels
(Baack, 2012).
So as to make an effective analysis of the different behavioral components within the author's
present organization, he will give a description of the demonstrated attitudes exhibited by all the
individuals within his company. Additionally, the author will analyze the organizational behavior of
his current employer by describing the type of culture, modes of communication, nature of authority,
motivational techniques, areas of emotional intelligence, and how the components of a virtual

Lying And Manipulative Behavior
P: Charles will identify and list irrational or distorted thoughts that encourage lying and
manipulative behavior. Charles will gain a sense of security and belonging by increasing his ability
to develop trusting relationships.
A: MHP educated Charles about the importance of being truthful. MHP taught Charles assertiveness
skills to help him express painful emotions to others in a more direct and constructive manner. MHP
instructed Charles to identify 5 to 10 positive social behaviors that can help rebuild trust. MHP used
guided imagery help Charles visualize the long–term effects that lying will have on relationships.
MHP used role reversal to help Charles become aware of how deceitful behavior negatively impacts
others. MHP provided reinforcements

Behavior-Specific Praise
Teachers of students with or at risk for emotional or behavioral disabilities (EBD) face countless
stressful professional challenges throughout their careers. Students with EBD are being scattered
amongst General Education classrooms and can often exhibit behavioral changes in which many
teachers who have not had proper training or experience in managing may find overwhelming. One
strategy to help maintain engagement and reduce behavioral challenges in a classroom that includes
students with or at risk for EBD is to increase the rate of Behavior–Specific Praise (BSP). Offering
students praise in the form of a statement which explains which acceptable behavior they are being
praised for can enhance the student's ability to remain on task and engaged in classroom activities
and discussions. Professional development in the area of BSP is necessary in developing teachers
who are more prepared to effectively face the challenges of having students with EBD. Many
strategies have been suggested for training teachers in the use of BSP, each with different methods
of presenting the information to educators. The researchers in this study believe that further training
in BSP is needed in order to produce positive ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The percentages of on–task behavior were averaged out in order to produce a correlation between
teacher rates of BSP and the student engagement, and the majority of the findings produced a strong
positive increase in on–task behaviors as BSP was increased. Teachers were asked, following the
study, if the training they received was useful. Teachers reported that the likelihood of continuing to
utilize the BSP strategy was high, and that they would be reporting the positive results in their
classrooms to their colleagues as well. A more interesting response from teachers was that, despite
the effectiveness of BSP, they found it difficult to execute the

Prosocial Behavior Paper
Influences on Children's Prosocial Behavior
Prosocial behavior is important to psychologists because it is a significant part of development in a
child. Children learn prosocial behavior from many influences in their lives including parents, peers,
teachers, caregivers, and the media (Williams, O'Driscoll, & Moore, 2014). Prosocial behavior is
any action intended to help others. Children learn their earliest behaviors from their parents. If a
child never participated in prosocial behavior, there would be negative impacts. Some negative
impacts could include: less likelihood to develop a sense of gratitude, less involvement with others,
and Imitating their parent's actions plays a crucial role in their social interactions throughout the
child's ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Prior studies have shown that mimicking promotes prosocial actions, but little research has been
done on who has a greater influence on prosocial behavior in children. The independent variable of
the study will be which adult model is shown in the video of prosocial behavior, either a parent as a
model, and other adult as a model. Each child will be assigned to watch one of two types of videos
in which a parent or an other adult performs a prosocial action. The dependent variable for this study
would be the behavior of the child. The dependent variable will be measured by the amount of time
the child takes to act prosocially. In the control condition, the participants will not be shown a video
and they will just be placed in the possible prosocial situation. The experiment will observe which
adult model has the greatest influence of prosocial behavior in the participants. The hypothesis of
the proposed experiment is participants who watch a video of their parent acting in a prosocial
manner are more likely to behave in a prosocial manner. This hypothesis comes from a finding that
parents have a great influence on a child's prosocial behaviors throughout

Abnormal Behavior And Aberrant Behavior
While no commonly recognized definition of the term 'abnormality' exists to examine the
observations described below, most descriptions of aberrant behavior share some common aspects,
namely, deviance, dysfunction, danger and distress ("four Ds"). In other words, mental aberration
patterns are usually deviant (atypical, out of the ordinary, radical, possibly even strange), distressing
(distasteful and disturbing to the individual), potentially dangerous, and dysfunctional (hampering
the individual's capacity of carrying out everyday tasks constructively). Such a broad description
provides a valuable basis for examining the abnormal phenomena outlined in this paper (Comer,
2013).
A few days ago, I met twenty–eight–year–old Joanna, a friend ... Show more content on
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While she expressed concerns about this issue, she claimed there was no way she could control it.
Joanna clearly exhibits dysfunctional behavior which hampers her everyday functioning.
Dysfunctional conduct distresses, confuses and sidetracks individuals such that their productivity
and participation in normal social activities gets adversely affected and they are unable to
adequately take care of themselves (Comer, 2013). This is evident in Joanna's sleep disturbances,
chronic anxiety, joblessness, and negative impact on her health. Her conduct distresses her and is
evidently deviant from normal behavior. Hence, it may be considered an abnormal occurrence which
defies principles of normalcy. Our cultural and societal norms highlight the significance of
effectively performing everyday activities. Obsessions such as those exhibited by Joanna aren't an
ordinary component of and individual's behavior. Joanna's habits will probably be perceived as
unwelcome and atypical. Her activities may be considered abnormal as they are consistent with
OCD (obsessive–compulsive disorder) symptoms, which involve repeated compulsions and
obsessions capable of greatly interfering with a person's everyday activities. OCD symptoms
generally have 4 key facets: obsessions linked to checking compulsions, obsessions with cleanliness
linked to a compulsion to wash and clean constantly, hoarding–related habits, and a need for order
and symmetry. Two of the above

The Instinctual Behaviors Of Horses
Instinctual behaviors that horses acquire are their social structure, reproduction, mothering, feeding
and communication. For their social structure they have a complex structure. Horses are not
territorial animals, they usually graze close to other herds and there is little to no aggression showed.
Having the dominant leader of the groups is defined by the horse who has preferential access to
resources through aggressive threats or actions. As for reproduction the mare, or female horse will
urinate showing her vulva that then attracts the stallion, or male horse. If they become satisfied with
each other copulation will occur many times over a period of time. The mare carries the foal for 9
months. As the skin to skin contact like humans to ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Horses are very intelligent animals they are fast learners with correct and consistent training. They
are able to figure out their own problems and work them out. Horses make associations with things
that happen. So if something bad occurs during a specific event that is what the horse is going to
remember. But if a reward is given the horse will think whatever bad thing happened in that event is
usual and the treat will take their mind off of it. When a horse has learned habituation the response
to a stimulus has decreased. This happens when the horse is confronting the same stimulus multiple
times and soon has gotten used to it and the response to it being there has decreased. When the horse
has learned association this is called conditioning. The horse realizes "that this meant that". The
horse makes associations and connections with commands and cues. The first licks from a mare to a
foal horse are what is called imprinting. The licking from the mare stimulates a bond between the
two horses. But there is also an imprinting done by humans. Humans can give a good or bad imprint
on the foal which can later affect them growing up. If they are given a good imprint they are more
likely to do the things that humans need them to do later in life. For example the horse will accept
being saddled, rode with little to no resistance, and having muzzle clipped and ears handled. But a
bad

Questions On Behavior And Behavior
Purpose of Study With every misbehavior, a child is communicating their needs to an adult. The
purpose of this research is to fully understand why misbehavior occurs in the classroom. Through
relevant research and in class observations, this study will conclude how teachers can positively
guide the class to avoid reoccurrence of misbehaviors. Understanding why the misbehavior is
occurring will help avoid the situation for future occurrence. Research that is mentioned this study
covers different aspects of misbehaviors including different theorists and beliefs to why misbehavior
occurs in the classroom. The purpose of this study is also to observe students in a classroom
environment to see how often misbehavior happens. Classroom observations will help identify
misbehaviors that occur with a specific student or the whole class and how often it occurs. Different
methods were used to conduct and document this observation for applicable results.
MEDTHODS Participant This study was conduced in a third grade classroom, located on the east
side of Anchorage. The observation was focused on the whole class with a focus on a specific child
when misbehavior occurs. The classroom has twenty–three students. Only one student has a
personal behavior scale chart that is sent home to the parents about his classroom behavior. The
scale chart is a 1–5 scale categorized in math, reading, writing, transition, specials, and intervention
time. For whole class, there is a reminder consequence

Behavior And Behavior Modification
Feel like all hope is lost? Don't throw in the towel yet. Give us a call, we will show you how to
control and correct your issues. With proper communication and direction you can finally enjoy
your pup!
There are several ways to define behavior, but one of the ways behavior can be defined is the way an
animal or human reacts to a paritcular situation (or stimulus). Behavior Modification, then is the
systematic approach to changing behavior.
In other words, unlike dog obedience training that trains a dog to perform specific actions when
requested, behavior modification looks to change a dog's reaction to situation, a person, a thing, an
animal, etc..
While some behavior modification makes use of obedience training techniques such as teaching

Positive Behavior Support
Welcome parents and student to Franklin County Elementary. Our superintendent of education has
recently decided to implement a school wide positive behavior support. This approach to discipline
includes school–wide, targeted, and individualized strategies for achieving social and learning
outcomes while preventing problem behavior with all students. It involves modifying our processes
and procedures to help decrease problem behaviors. You will see that we have added reminders
throughout the school (in the classrooms, hallways, lunchroom, bathrooms, etc.) as a friendly
reminder of the rules to encourage good behavior. Our goal is to get more remarks for positive
behavior than incident reports for negative behavior every week. The remainder of this paper will
outline our School Wide Positive Behavior Support, explaining behavior expectations, rewards,
error correction procedures, and data collection procedures. Behaviors The Positive ... Show more
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Staff will use simple corrective responses/warnings (positive practice) with students when errors are
observed. For example, in the case of disrespectful language or tone, staff would say, "Let's try to
remember our manners, thank you." Minor negative behaviors will be corrected quietly and
privately with simple, non–judgmental statements such as, "Hey Adam, why don't we try it this
way." Otherwise, we could refer to the rules, "We respect others in this room and that means no
calling people ugly words." If a student continues to repeat the negative behavior, it can result in
privilege loss. This means that incentives given for positive behavior are lost. For example, the
student may have to sit out/stay inside the first five minutes of recess or lose a rewards

Disobedient Behavior Analysis
According to the Merriam–Webster Dictionary, the definition of behavioral issues is, "an individual
evidencing maladjustment by indulging in behavior problems; especially: a child indulging in such
problems" (Merriam Webster Dictionary). As we are currently living in the technological age, young
children are constantly exposed to tablets and cell phone screens to aid as a distraction when the
child begins to show disobedient behavior. Disobedient behavior can constitute excessive noise,
tantrums, hyperactivity and fussiness at the dinner table. When parents encounter their child's
disobedient behavior, they often resort to giving them a tablet or cellphone to distract them
temporarily instead of punishing them. While this method provides a ... Show more content on
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Children in third world countries are prospering immensely with the introduction of technology in
their culture by teaching the young children the importance of change, liveliness and
communication. An article published by The Guardian, written by Annie Kelly, discusses the
groundbreaking change implemented by technology in these poorer societies. Charles Kenny, senior
fellow at the Center for Global Development stated, "This technology wasn't developed as a
development tool yet has become one of the greatest vehicles for change... Young people are natural
adopters of new technologies and certainly the potential for technology and digital media to be a
force for innovation, education and change is just beginning to be realized." (qted in Kelly). Kenny
is discussing how the creation and innovation of technology was not initially created for progressing
of cultures and societies, but it has a taken a turn and done just that. Kenny later says that it is vital
the young children of the world are encountered with the exposure of technology because they are
the best group who can work on projects to make a global impact in relation to older generations
who can only see one side of the technological advancement and often blame it for the poor social
structure in society. Kenny and the article make a very valid and reasonable point because
technology is really the gateway to change for the future and exposing children of all social classes
is beneficial to innovation and relations between different countries. Although, the article does not
describe the negative implications technology has on a younger demographic when it comes to the
issue of pedophilia and cyber safety. The article could also discuss how people can work together to
unify and promote healthy technological relationships with children where

Animal behavior
Informational Interview Donna K. Lane Animal Behaviorist Psych3210 Summer, 2014
HYPERLINK mailtoDlane21@capellauniversity.edu Dlane21@capellauniversity.edu Dr. Celeste
Hill Introduction When I started my courses in the field of Psychology, I had no idea how much it
went side by side with the field of employment I hope to obtain in the future. Animals and
Psychology have always been my two favorite studies. I didnt realize until after doing research and
an informational interview, just how much Psychology is intertwined with the position of an Animal
Behaviorist. After conducting an informational interview with Dr. Katherine Leighty, Science
Operations Manager over Walt Disneys Animal Kingdom, and doing further research, I found that ...
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She then realized that she was more interested in how and why animals act the way they do and just
started concentrating on the Animal Behavior part through Psychology (Dr. K. Leighty,
informational interview, September 2, 2014). Dr. Leighty also told me that when she was doing an
internship working with Chimps, learning how to collect behavioral data, to have a comparative
model she also worked with human children collecting the same types of data (Dr. K. Leighty,
informational interview, September 2, 2014). Dr. Leightys interview gave me so much more to go
on in my pursuit of becoming an Animal Behaviorist. She enlightened me on the courses I should be
thinking about taking in college. She also told me I was on the right path with taking Psychology
and continuing with the different Psychology courses in relation to Animal Behavior. I have always
thought Psychology was needed in the study of animals. I just didnt realize just how much until this
paper and interview. Psychology is the study of the mind..be it in humans or animals. Throughout
my research I found many ways Animal Behaviorists and Psychologists use the same research
methods and observational studies. One of the ways the two study/and or research is through
Naturalistic Observation. As Charles Darwin used Naturalistic Observation on his journey aboard
the HMS

Planned Behavior
The Theory of Planned Behavior
The Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB) predicts an individual's intention to engage in a behavior at
a particular time and place ("Summary of theory of planned behavior. Abstract," 2016). It theorizes
that individual behavioral conduct is driven by behavior intentions, where conduct intentions are
function of three determinants: an individual mentality toward behavioral conduct, subjective
standards, and perceived behavioral control ("Summary of theory of planned behavior. Abstract,"
2016).
Icek Ajzen Theory of Planned Behavior was proposed in 1985 through his article, "From Intentions
to Actions: A Theory of Planned Behavior." The theory was developed from the "Theory of
Reasoned Action", which was proposed by ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The theory consolidates some of the focal concepts in the social and behavior sciences, and it
characterizes these ideas in a way that grants prediction and comprehension of specific behaviors in
specified contexts (Ajzen, 1991). Demeanors toward the conduct, subjective standards with regards
to the behavior, and perceived control over the behavior are typically found to anticipate behavioral
intentions with an increase level of accuracy. Thusly, these intentions, in combination of perceived
behavioral control, can represent an instinctive proportion of discrepancy in behavior (Ajzen,

Behavior Therapy Theory
This paper explores theory of Behavior Therapy. This approach applies the principals of learning to
the resolution of specific behavioral problems. Result is subject to continual experimentation. The
methods of this approach are always in the process of refinement. It explains that Behavior is the
product of learning. We are both the product of and the producer of our environment. There are a
few main topics that explain this theory, which includes therapeutic goals, therapeutic relationship,
techniques and procedures, applications, multicultural perspectives, contributions, and limitations.
Why is your theory of choice?
I choose Behavior theory as my theories because I find it fascinating the way people behave and
also because I have ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
I could relate more with this one because of what my family went through. Behavioral therapy hit
home, by this I mean when my brother behavior was changing due to using weed my family
behavior was affected in the process too. My parents became stricter with my sister and I. Every
time something went wrong my parents would blame my sister and I. I felt like behavioral theory fit
into what my family was going through. During the time I didn't have any knowledge of what
behavioral therapy was, but when I started to learn about it I would think of my brother. Maybe it's
not the right example to compare it to, but I feel like it is because of the behavior he was learning
when he was hanging out with those people. The environment he was during those days made him
act different when he was with our family. Some people might argue that it's their own choice to
behave the way they want too, but if he would have been in different environment things might have
been different. His goals might have been different. Eventually, now that he is doing better in life I
ask him, " what was going through your head when you were smoking marijuana?" His response " I
was going to a lot of stress during those time with work, and school I needed to relax and a few of
my friends suggested to smoke weed. According, to them it was an easy way out and it was
harmless. But, it turn out

On-Task Behaviors
Study/Citation Focus of Instruction Participation/Setting Intervention Results/Findings
Carnett, A.A., Raulston, T., Lang, R., Tostanoski, A., Lee, A., Sigafoos, J., & Machalicek, W. (2014)
Effects of a Perseverative Interest–Based Token Economy on Challenging and On –Task Behavior
in a Child with Autism Setting: Special Education Life Skills Classroom
Participant: A Seven–Year–Old boy with Autism. Foam puzzle pieces were used as part of the token
economy for on–task behavior. The use of token economy resulted in decreased challenging
behavior and increased on–task behavior.
Baseline:
(range 8–18 %)
After Implementing Token Economy:
(Range 52–72 %)
Thompson, M. J., McLaughlin, T. F., & Derby, K. M. (2011) The Use of Differential Reinforcement

Positive Behavior Analysis
Positive behavioral interventions and supports, also known as PBIS, has gone through several
developments over the years. According to Sugai and Simonsen (2012), in the 1980's it was decided
that there was a need for a system that would better implement and document behavioral
interventions for students who have a variety of behavioral disorders (BD). In the 1990's it was
added to the reauthorized Individuals with Disabilities Act. Over time it was decided that this system
could also be beneficial for a school wide plan, instead of just students with behavioral disorders.
The thought is that by taking specific steps to try and avoid certain behavioral issues, students will
have more academic and social success through out their educational ... Show more content on
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For younger students, making a classroom visual may be helpful. Second, you want to teach the
students the classroom procedures and cues to eliminate issues during any kind of transition.
Thinking about the placement of furniture will be helpful too. You want to be sure that there are not
areas that will get to congested. Third is to implement positive praise and reinforcement. It is
important to be specific with praise, so that the student will know what they are doing well. Adding
in a reward system can also be very motivating. The fourth practice is about the teacher. Active
supervision is important. Moving around the room will give you different views of the room and let
all of the students know that you are paying attention. This may also make it easier for students to
ask questions. They will feel that it is easier to gain your attention if your floating around the room,
rather then standing in the same spot the whole time. The fifth practice talks about the importance of
consistent and fair consequences. Teachers need to first know when to react. Ignoring minor
behaviors that are attention seeking is important. Also, make sure that you are using constructive
redirection, so the student will know where they went wrong. The final practice is to keep the
student engaged. Give them opportunities to respond and be a part of the lessons

Psychodynamic Behavior Theory
Research Hypothesis
A school based therapeutic mentoring program will be more effective using psychodynamic
supportive therapy than cognitive behavioral therapy in reducing problematic behaviors in youth in
foster care.
Identifying the Dependent and Independent Variables/ Defining Key Variables The dependent
variable in this study is participants' level of problematic behaviors. Problematic behavior is defined
as a behavior that is socially defined as a problem, concern, or undesirable by the social and or legal
norms of conventional society; problem behavior elicits a social control response which can be
either minimal (statement of disapproval) or extreme (incarceration) (CSPV, 2015). The
operationalize definition for problem behaviors ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The first hour consisted of a trained master's level clinician facilitating the group discussions, and
the second hour the mentors and mentee talk to one another individually. The days of treatment are
Mondays and Tuesdays for 2 quarters, which is 1 semester for both CBT and psychodynamic
supportive therapy. The subjects were compared and defined by which form of therapy he or she
received during a 2 month interval (baseline 2 months, 2 to 4 months). The first session involved the
mentors and the mentees interacting and building rapport. Each meeting consist of a licensed social
worker who specialize in either cognitive behavioral therapy or psychodynamic supportive therapy.
The social worker will start each meeting with the group rules, and the youth are allowed to add to
the group rules. Then, the social worker will read a meditation that will make all of the youth in the
group feel relaxed, and

Disruptive Office Behavior
Aggression and violence in the medical setting appear to be on the increase. In support of this
impression, a number of studies have documented surprising rates of such behavior toward trainees
as well as physicians–in–practice. However, to date, these studies have focused on the experiences
and reports of professionals, not patient offenders. In a series of investigations, we examined
aggressive and disruptive office behaviors from the perspective of the perpetrators–the patients.
Findings from these studies indicate that disruptive office behaviors by patients appear to be related
to borderline personality symptomatology, alcohol/drug misuse, prescription medication abuse, and
higher rates of past mental healthcare utilization. The results

Disruptive Behavior Examples
Disruptive behavior
The Ontario College of Physicians and surgeons defined the disruptive behavior as "inappropriate
conduct, whether in words or action, that interferes with, or has the potential to interfere with,
quality health care delivery." Disruptive doctors, nurses and most of healthcare employees are found
in almost all hospitals and clinics. Although most observers noticed that only 6% of physicians fall
into this category, the influence of this small percent far outweighs their percentage. Examples of
disruptive behavior are various and includes, shouting, verbal threat, angry outbursts ,throwing
objects, breaking things, unwanted physical contact of a sexual behavior , swearing or any physical
act that would be considered legally ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The factors are either endogenous related to the individual or exogenous related to the work
environment. Certain personalities are associated with disrespectful behavior. Self–esteem is
extremely important to doctors as it is very related to doctors` perception of their own reputation and
competence. The reason for this is doctors usually spend a huge amount of time and energy to
achieve a great success and reputation so they become more sensitive to anything that may endanger
their self–esteem or success. Doctors might react with aggressive personal behavior, if anyone
directly or indirectly tries to touch their self–esteem, as a way to confirm their professional
dominance. They could feel insecurity and anxiety especially if they felt that they are prone to
challenges of practicing medicine. Doctors or any healthcare professionals who do not feel confident
about their skills may reflect this anxiety to the coworkers around him in terms of blaming others or
making hypercritical comments. In fact they might overreact blaming themselves for real or unreal
inadequacy, hypercriticize themselves or others. The huge amount of energy and time doctors spend
to succeed professionally make physicians self–involved and become vulnerable to narcissistic
character traits. In fact medical narcissism is term used to reflect feeling of being superior and
perfectionism are usually found in healthcare professionals. They believes that their ideas are
special. Due to the acceptance of the teamwork value , this makes physician frustrated and exhibit
more disruptive

Behavior Analysis Essay
in order to form a unified science. These three behavior steps talk about how to analyze behavior in
a way people can easily understand how behaviors are learned and depicting them. In the first
journal article, discuss about the important issues in the behavior analysis. Staats said " the first
detailed behavioral analysis of child development and how the parents are involved in such
development (pg.307)." This quote is talking about the behavior on people's parenting skills and
how to analyze the child's development. In doing so people can have a better sense on how to teach
their children and see whether the children learns from their family. Staats said " PB program of
psychologizing behaviorism rests upon the standard psychological tradition, accepting that
traditional psychological terms somehow designate unitary phenomena worthy of scientific
investigation." (pg.308 Isolating Phenomena for Scientific Study). This quote talks about how Staats
program in psychologizing behaviorism is accepted in the psychology as a term in a phenomena
scientific investigation. By psychologizing behaviorism we are able to evaluate the minds of
children's actions and adults as well. ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
309). This quote by Staats talk about behavioral repertoire has to do with personality and signs of
proportion of life. Behavioral has to do with personality and the mood on people's emotion. I agree
with Staat's research because behaviors come from people's personalities and the way they do
doings around people or even not with people. It clearly to say behavior cannot often be contained
unless the host can control their way of acting and subject to

The Importance Of Animal Behaviors
Animals are more humanlike than you think! Animals have many humanlike emotions and
behaviors, but this can scare people or "blind" them. When it should boost conservation attitudes.
Animals actually have all the emotions as humans do, they just don't always show them in the same
ways humans normally do. Animals have all the primary and learned emotions but do not always
express them in the same way as humans do. Animals experience pain, but that does not mean they
all show it in the same way. For example, a fish will express grief/sadness by hiding or by
swimming back and forth really fast, and they will act really strange. Some chimpanzees, to grief,
will stay around the body of a dead friend for long periods of time almost protecting it ("Animal
Behaviors"). This data is relevant because we now know what emotions most animals do and do not
have. Animals can also have many behaviors that humans have too. For example, chimpanzees use
tools to help them with everyday tasks. An example is chimpanzees use sticks to poke potential
predators to see how much of a danger they are to them. Chimpanzees also use rocks to break nuts
to eat (Animal Behaviors). This is data is relevant to the claim because it shows us what kind of
human–like behaviors animals have. Humans have primary emotions and multiple learned emotions.
Primary emotions are emotions that are expressed by all cultures and they are anger, sadness,
happiness, surprise, disgust, and fear. Learned emotions are

Teaching Alternative Behavior
DeRosa, Roane, Doyle and McCarthy conducted a 2013 study on the use of alternative behaviors to
target different behaviors within the same response class. Swearing, talking out and yelling can all
be considered part of the same response class that are used as a method to gain attention from
others. Through the use of differential reinforcement, the students can be taught to produce more
appropriate methods of obtaining the desired responses. According to DeRosa, et al (2013), this
method of teaching alternative responding has been proven effective in decreasing the likelihood of
more severe behaviors from occurring. In this study, the alternative behavior was prompted by the
use of a visual cue, which was a red card being placed on the ... Show more content on
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Data is being sent to the BCBA at the end of the school day by his teacher on Mondays, Wednesdays
and Fridays, and on the same days by his parents after Joey has gone to bed for the evening. The
data is being collected by recording the antecedent, behavior and consequence (ABC) for the
occurrence of swearing. Swearing is operationally defined as the use of any form of inappropriate
language that is said out loud by Joey. A premade data sheet as been made and distributed to his
teacher and his parents. The data sheet was explained and allowed for the teacher and parents to
check the appropriate box that fit the situation. Each person was trained on how to collect data, and
the importance of being honest and accurate was discussed.
Intervention evaluation The reduction of the problem behavior will be monitored to see if there is a
decrease in swearing and an increase in the use of the replacement behavior. If there is a not a
noticeable change in behavior over the course of two weeks, then the procedure will be reevaluated
and the intervention will be altered. Possible alterations that could be made would be for an
additional cue to be provided on the prompt card that had the phrase on it that was to be said. The
phrases would be intermixed and delivered upon any outward, visible sign of frustration such as
tears, clenched fists or teeth, and shifting in

Positive Replacement Behavior
Topic: Positive Replacement Behaviors for Out of Control Behavior
Rationale
Several of the students in my classroom have disruptive, out of control behaviors. One of the
paraeducators in my classroom is new to being a paraeducator and has struggled to provide positive
replacement behaviors for the student she is primarily responsible for. She is constantly
overwhelmed and becoming frustrated with the student, which is making the situation worse. My
teacher asked to provide instruction on this for this particular paraeducator.
Description of Skill
The paraprofessional will learn how to determine the function of a student's behavior and about the
theory of the four mistaken goals that influence student's behavior. Using that knowledge, the
paraprofessional

Planned Behavior Theory
The Theory of Planned Behavior (TBP) is a theory proposed by Icek Ajzen in 1975, whereby
evolved from the Theory of Reasoned Action, which was, published jointly with his mentor and
colleague Martin Fishbein. Icek Ajzen is a prominent social psychologist that received his highest
degree, a PhD in Psychology from the University of Illinois Urbana Champaign in 1969. Ajzen
currently holds a position as a Professor of Psychology at the University of Massachusetts Amherst
(Pious, 2012). The Theory of Planned Behavior was designed to analyze the link between attitudes
and behavior and help to predict and explain human behavior. The thought behind the theory is that
it will help to understand how we can change people's behavior. The theory is based on three
defining factors about beliefs. The three types include normative beliefs, behavioral and control
beliefs. Behavioral beliefs are described as the attitude that she hold towards the behavior, while ...
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For the purposes of this paper, the TPB can also be utilized. Research shows that investigators have
begun to rely on the TBP in an attempt to predict and understand people's intentions to initiate
actions or participate in certain behaviors. The theory can be used to predict patient satisfaction and
compliance by guiding you in your focus or observation of behavioral actions to predict the effects
that nursing interventions have on the behaviors that are directed toward health promotion.
Johansson (2002) states that it is a prerequisite for the patient's perception of satisfaction with the
nursing care which often is the determining factor of whether the client will comply or not so
therefore these behaviors can be predicted utilizing the TPB since the actions of others (the nurse)
and your actions fall into the belief categories which ultimately lead to the

Define Mistaken Behavior
Assignment 1. Define "mistaken behavior" and "misbehavior". Compare and contrast the two, and
explain the value in having an understanding of developmentally appropriate practices and how can
help teachers guide young children?
Mistaken Behaviors
Mistaking behavior is a comprehensive guidance that professional teachers are developing to assist
children through difficult situations. This guidance approach recognizes that children are in a
process of development where they are learning skills to live in a democratic life, during this
process children has many mistakes that are reflected at their behavior. The importance of this this
concept is that teachers can understand that children can make mistakes, and they can learn from
them. Instead, teachers and caregivers are the principal guidance for ... Show more content on
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Maybe they feel hungry, sick or tired. They have lack knowledge or experience. They feel stressed
(something wrong or new is happening at house).
Misbehavior
This discipline concept suggests that the children are doing intentional mistakes and teachers must
discipline and punish to the child. At this wrong guidance teachers label children who misbehave
calling names such as "naughty" "bad" "mean" "rowdy", and also punish the child. Teachers who do
this practice think that when the child get shame they will be behave good. These negative labels
can affect with bad consequences to their behavior. The child will believe that they are the wrong
label given.
As Ginott wrote in Teacher and Child (1972), "Firmness without harshness is essential in guidance.
The adult who intervenes in the face of mistaken behavior often must be firm, but must be firm and
friendly not firm and harsh". The goal is to help children learn positive social skills from their
mistakes; punish discipline cannot achieve this.
Compare and contrast of Mistaken behavior and

Disruptive Behavior
I have dealt with many students in my lifetime. I have worked in schools over a decade in different
capacities, specifically as a teacher's assistant, special needs trainee substitute, counselor, and
counselor supervisor. Based on my experience, education, and training I have developed a series of
tools/interventions that have worked for me over the years. Of course, I would change my
interventions based on a student's individual need. For the purpose of this answer I will address a
student's disruptive behavior by: remaining calm, responding with empathy and a positive attitude,
not reacting negatively or with behaviors that perpetuate disruptive behaviors, using praise and
positive reinforcement when it is appropriate, involving the student ... Show more content on
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I would want the conversation to reinforce that I did not take the outburst personally by utilizing I–
statements to be clear about what I was thinking and what my plan is from this point on. I would
also let student know that I would involve their parent and that they should be present when I meet
with them to discuss our plan of action for the future. The depth of this conversation would really
depend on where the student is developmentally, i.e. special needs versus non–special needs. After
meeting with the student I would set up a face–to–face meeting with their parent. The plan of action
for my consult with the parent is discussed in the next answer.
Conclusion
There are many ways to deal with student disruptions in the classroom. The abovementioned tools
and interventions are just some of the things I can use as a teacher to make sure that there are fewer
disputations in my classroom. I understand that students are all individuals and the interventions I
have discussed may not be relevant for everyone. Therefore, I am always open to learn more ways to
better serve my students and minimize classroom

Challenging Behavior Analysis
Working with children with challenging behaviors, it can be stressful and drain for teachers. It
requires skills and understanding challenging behavior to deal effectively with difficult behavior.
When dealing with difficult behavior is not like solving a math problem, "One problem, on
solution", but it may need strategies and resources that meet needs of difficult students. I remember
thinking back then that being fair was treating everyone the same. I was raised in different culture
that children were showing respect and listening to authority adults. My beliefs and values
influenced on the expectations of the children. I learned that challenging behaviors are often
determined by our beliefs, values, and cultures. Some of the behaviors of

Behavior Therapy
Introduction The behavioral theory of counselling is a type of therapy that bases its foundation on
the belief that it is possible to learn behavior. Counsellors and therapists apply classic conditioning
as one way in which this type of therapy could be implemented and it is derived from the research
conducted by Ivan Pavolov. The theorist evaluated classic condition through an experiment with
dogs, whereby he focused on the impact of a learned response. Based on his study, Pavolov was able
to determine that behavior can be conditioned though the use of a stimulus (Fava et al., 2014). With
regards to domestic violence, it is possible to incorporate behavior therapy to reduce the prevalence
of the domestic violence in the society and to condition ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
If a therapist is not in control, the treatment would not be effective. Additionally, critics argue that
despite the change in behavior, this type of therapy does not change how an individual feels with
regards to a particular aspect. The therapist does not consider the underlying emotional needs of a
patient thereby failing to provide effective treatment. Furthermore, the relationship between a
therapist and a client is

Registered Behavior Technician
Functional Analysis Rationale For the indirect assessment project, The Board Certified Behavior
Analyst (BCBA) and Registered Behavior Technician (RBT) said that the two most concerning
problem behaviors that occur at the clinic were elopement and verbal refusal. After conducting the
indirect assessment, the data was inconclusive and in my presentation, I suggested doing a full
functional analysis to determine the function of the behaviors. Out of the two behaviors, I have
chosen verbal refusal for the functional analysis project because it occurs at a higher rate than
elopement. When writing Jamie's functional analysis protocol, the previously conducted indirect
assessment and "Further Analysis of Problem Behavior in Response Class Hierarchies"

Theory Of Planned Behavior
The HBM has also inspired a range of successful behavior change interventions (Jones et al,
1987).The common–sense operationalization that HBM uses including key beliefs related to
decisions about health behaviors is taken as a strength. The psychological readiness to take specific
action and the extent to which a particular course of action is believed to be beneficial in reducing
the threat are the two important variables of HBM. (Rosenstock, 1966)
Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB)
The Theory of Planned Behavior developed by social psychologists and has been broadly applied to
understanding health behaviors (Ajzen, 1991, Conner and Sparks, 2005). It specifically addresses
the factors that determine that individual's decision to perform a particular behavior. TPB ... Show
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The individual theories are grouped by shared assumptions, techniques and different strategies of
research, but keep their different aspects of views on the role that cognitions play in behavior
change. Cognitive behavioral reflects the importance of both behavioral and cognitive approaches to
understand and/or help human beings.
In general Cognitive behavioral interventions target both cognitive and behavioral problems using a
comprehensive integration of cognitive and behavioral strategies. Cognitive behavioral theories
provide great opportunity in treatment targets and interventions, sharing a fundamental emphasis on
the importance of cognitive performs and private events as mediators of behavior change.
Behavioral assessment might provide an understanding in the functional relationships between
thoughts, behaviors, and feelings and all the necessary information for health care providers and
researchers to implement and evaluate different interventions of health education and

Scolding Decrease Behavior
Explain how scolding might decrease behavior in one case and increase behavior in another.
There are several ways in which mom and dad can unintentionally escalate bad behaviors and/or
diminish great behaviors. Reinforcement is used to aid and expand the chance that a particular
behavior will arise with the delivery of a stimulus promptly after a response is exhibited.
Positive reinforcement is a very compelling and efficient tool to help form and change habits.
Positive reinforcement works by imparting a motivating item to the individual after the preferred
behavior is exhibited, making the behavior more likely to happen sooner than later. An instance of
this tactic would be Jimmy getting $10 for each A he earned on his report card. The definition

The Concentration Of Behavior Analysis
Unit 9 Assignment
Shalee Martin
Kaplan University
PS499
Introduction For the Unit 9 Assignment I will be creating a fictitious case (client) within the
concentration of Behavior Analysis. I will include client demographics, reasons for seeking out
service, intervention or treatment goals for the client, a theory that can relate to the client's case,
methods of interventions, any cultural issues, and any use of contemporary technology that will be
used. I decided to revolve my case study around social anxiety (or a social phobia). It will focus on
how a person's thoughts and beliefs can intensify an anxiety/phobia. If a person truly believes that
he/she will not do well in a certain situation, those thoughts and feelings can turn that into a reality.
It is up to the professionals to change these beliefs and negative emotions.
Case Study
Samantha is a middle aged woman, 35 years old. She married her high school sweetheart, Jackson,
in their Freshmen year of college. Other than her husband, her family consists of three children, two
boys and one girl.
Samantha works at a quaint little flower shop that is owned and operated by one of her family
friends whom she has been close to since they were in elementary school. The shop isn't overly busy
and her position never caused her to be amidst the customers, as she worked in the back making the
arrangements. Recently, however, her friend and owner has had to pardon herself due to maternity
leave and has left

Behavior Intervention
Children with ADHD often act immaturely and have difficulty learning how to control their
impulsiveness and hyperactivity. Behaviour intervention helps the child understand his/her feelings
and actions, it helps in changing their thinking and coping and thus may lead to changes in their
behaviour. The support might be practical support, like help in organizing tasks or school
homework. Alternatively, the support might be in self–monitoring one's behaviour and giving self–
praise or rewards for acting in a desired way such as controlling anger or thinking before acting.
Parents and teachers use some behavioural intervention techniques to help the child to learn how to
control his/her behaviour. Perhaps the most important and effective of these

Behavior Management Strategies
1.Different schools of thought provide perspectives on behavior and behavior management. Chapter
1, Basic Concepts of Behavior and Behavior Management, presented an overview of behavioral,
psychological, and sociological approaches to behavior management. Compare two of these
approaches and explain how their perspectives are similar or different with regard to behavior,
behavior problems, discipline, attitude, responsibility, and consequences.
This candidate believes that the behavioral approach and the psychoanalytic approaches have a few
similarities and differences, when it comes to behavior management. "Why do people behave the
way they do" is a statement that this candidate has pondered upon, prior to this class. (Zirpoli,2008).
The ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
He still continues to act out, but we will not give up on this student.
3. One of a teacher's responsibilities is to create a safe and orderly environment for his/her students.
Ensuring this type of environment is likely to require disciplining students from time to time.
Referring to Chapter 2, Legal Considerations for Schools, describe two or more legal mandates with
regard to disciplining students. Then explain how these mandates are similar to or different from
legal considerations for students with disabilities.
According to Zirpoli, "The teaching staff and administrators have the authority to not only to teach,
but to also guide and discipline their student (2008). This candidate believes that it is the teacher's
job to set standards and expectations for students, thus providing a good learning environment. This
candidate understands that there are no perfect classrooms and that this candidate would have work
with various personalities. This candidate also believes that teachers must be prepared to provide
fair and reasonable discipline to their students. "Teachers have a duty to see that school order is
maintained by requiring students to obey reasonable rules and commands, respect the rights of
others, and behave in an appropriate manner." (Zirpoli, 2008). This mandate states that there are
responsibilities of the students. This candidate believes that it is important for

Disruptive Behavior Policy
Students need guidelines to follow, otherwise, they may feel inclined to act in a way considered
unruly. Bethel University has established a Disruptive Behavior Policy to address this concern. By
reading the policies you can get a better understanding of what is expected from each individual
morally. These policies being followed will give one confidence in being able to trust that the The
first helpful topic is knowing your instructor is always in charge of the course, therefore, any
concerns should be discussed with your instructor. If you don't feel comfortable discussing the issue
with them then you may contact to an advisor over your department. They can help you better
understand what will not be tolerated in the classroom.

Perception Of Behavior And Misbehavior
When we talk about behavior in early childhood education; we have to learn or define the concept of
mistaken behavior and misbehavior. Misbehavior is the conventional term applied to conflicts that
the child is involved in, resulting in consequences that often include punishment and the
internalization of a negative label such as 'naughty". One example of misbehavior is when the child
do something wrong and the teacher put a label to the child like "you are a bad boy" and the child
felt really gilt. Although teacher who punish misbehavior believe "they are shaming children into
good," the result may be the opposite. Mistaken behavior is error in judgment and action behaviors
occur at three levels: Experimentation, socially influenced, and strong unmet needs. For mistaken
behavior examples, the first one is experimentation at this age the child is really curious and they
want to see, touch even taste everything. When the child experiments something that they never see
they get really curious and if you say that they can take something they just grab it and sometimes
brake or loose. The example for the second one; Social influence is: when the children are in the
circle time and one of the child stars to laugh and jump and everybody start it to do the same. Also,
at these are the child is like a sponge sometimes they follow the behavior of an adult or the teacher
like a model. And for the last one Strong unmet needs, the child have a bad behavior because is
passing thought

Functional Behavior Assessment

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