2. HOUSING in
WINTERS
AMITY UNIVERSITY
B.PLAN (4th SEM.)
SUBJECT - HOUSING
2012-2016
GROUP MEMBERS :–
KULSOOM FARHAT
ROMSHI GUPTA
PINAKA K KUMAR
GURUDUTTA SHARMA

3. What is housing?...
Housing generally refers to the
social problem of insuring that members
of society have a home to live in,
whether this is a house, or some other
kind of dwelling, lodging, or shelter.

4. Pitched roofing
• This type of roofs is sloped to a degree of 10
or more from
the horizontal level.
• However, pitched roofs are generally
constructed in mountainous regions with
heavy snowfall or rainfall in
order to reduce the load of snow.
• Material used - in pitched roofing its
constructed of steel or wood as these
materials are harder and possess much
strength.

5. Local Natural Conditions
• Winter cold is the most common natural
factor governing most of Kashmir.
•
•
•
Thick walls of brick and stone with mud
plaster provide excellent protection against
this, as does thick mud-timber roof.
The lighter, pitched roof made of timber
and CGI sheets in combination with the
attic floor also ensures livable conditions
inside the house in winter and summer.
The steep pitch of the light roof permits
little accumulation of snow and prevents
any water leakages.

6. Constructed from local materials
with local skills
The major factors that dictate the local
architecture are :-
•
Easy access to good soil for brickmaking, and to water and timber
• Snow in winter
• Possibility of earthquakes.
As a result, walls are made mainly out of
timber and bricks, baked or unbaked.

7. • Building material is any material which is used
Construction material
for construction purposes.
• Many naturally occurring substances, such as clay,
rocks, sand, and wood, have been used to construct
buildings.
• Many man-made products are in use, some more and
some less synthetic.
The manufacture of building materials is an established
industry in many countries and the use of these
materials is typically segmented into specific specialty
trades, such as carpentry, insulation, plumbing,
and roofing work.
• Cement composites are Cement bonded composites
are made of hydrated cement paste that binds wood,
particles, or fibers to make pre-cast building
components. Various fiberous materials,

8. • The heavy stone walls that form the masonry box at
the lower level are tied horizontally at various levels
with timber bands.
• These bands are usually at sill and lintel level. These
bands bind the masonry box having particular
importance at the corners, where the perpendicular
planes of masonry have a tendency to separate out on
the application of horizontal forces.
• In addition to this the timber band breaks up the
effective height of the wall into smaller panels of
masonry whose height to width ratio decreases.
Timber as a material itself is suited to absorb seismic
forces.
• Gypcrete is a mixture of gypsum plaster and fibre
glass. Although plaster and fibres have been used for
many years, especially for ceilings.

9. Comparison between traditional &
modern methods of structural design
Traditional
Contemporary
Configuration
Plastic, Damageable
Stiff, Rigid
Material
• Circumstantial behavior
• Deformation
• Uniform behavior
• Measurable assessment
Construction
• Qualitative experience
based assessment
• Durability contextual
parameters
• Performance based
• Easily repairable
Universal parameters
• Non maintenance
• Durability
• Required complex
process

10. CASE STUDY -KASHMIR
• The landscape and topography of the
Kashmir valley has resulted in settlement
and house forms that are of an isolated
kind.
• A particular way of life and building
develops from this isolation and maximizes
the use of local resources.
• Key construction techniques like the ‘TAK’
and the ‘DAJJI DEWAR’, will be dealt with
in detail, while understanding their role
within an overall construction system.

11. Typical Kashmir house plan
Internal divisions
consist of thinner
partition walls often
of wattle and Daub
The outer wall of the
overall square is
constructed as a
heavy stone
masonry wall
The staircase
is usually
placed
at the center .
quadripartite
division of the
overall square

12. THE PLAN…
• The Kashmir house consists of an extremely
simple square plan.
• The distribution of function is symmetrical,
normally resulting into a quadripartite division
of the overall square.
• The staircase is usually placed at the center.
‘Symmetry is a basic principle for earthquake
resistance, as symmetrical buildings respond
with regular displacements along height and
almost negligible floor rotations due to
insignificant torsional effects

13. WALLING SYSTEM…

14. • FIGURE :- The hill
settlements of the
Kashmir Valley.
• The ground slopes
steeply, the front of the
platform may become
high enough to
accommodate functions.
•
These cave like spaces
in the plinth are usually
allocated for animal
shelter and grain
storage.

15. • FIGURE :The terraced hillsides
along the Jhelum
river.
• The landscape of the
region follows the
Jhelum river as it
flows from east to
west, forming
dramatic ravines
which are upto 200m
deep.
• The river flows with
great speed and

16. DESIGN…
• The settlements along the valley are spread
out and in many cases are sparse,
consisting of detached individual houses
that are placed in small parcels of land,
which are terraced for agriculture.
• Roofs of houses are sloped in order for not
letting rainwater or snow build up.
• Where the slopes are gentler the entire
mountainsides are terraced for agriculture.
• In this region the preparation of the ground,
Its shaping and terracing becomes the first
act of being able to position oneself in this

17. High-Elevation Hilly Regions
Surrounding the Valley
The major factors that dictate the local
architecture in this zone :easy access to
building-quality
stone
limited availability
of topsoil
Varying availability
of water, ranging
from abundant to
very little
better availability of
timber than in other
zones due to lesser
deforestation
difficulty in carting
non-local materials
heavy snow in
winter
possibility of
earthquakes

18. Low-Elevation Hilly
Region
(Surrounding the Valley & Other
Parts of the State)
The main factors that dictate the local architecture
in this zone are easy access to
:building quality
stone
limited availability
of topsoil
Greatly varying
availability of
water
varying availability
of timber
little snow in
winter

19. THANK YOU
Submitted To
– PROFF. SEEPIKA CHANDRA