This document provides a summary of the circulatory system and cardiovascular system in animals. It discusses how circulatory systems transport oxygen, nutrients, and waste; the differences between open and closed circulatory systems; the structure and function of the heart and blood vessels; blood pressure; blood types; and capillary exchange. Key points include that circulatory systems transport materials throughout the body, vertebrates have closed circulatory systems, the heart pumps blood through two circuits in mammals, and blood must be properly matched for transfusions.

1. Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display. Chapter 29 Circulation and Cardiovascular Systems

2. A Circulatory System Helps Maintain Homeostasis 29-

4. Figure 29.1 Exchanges of gases, nutrients, and wastes takes place across capillary walls 29-

6. Figure 29.2 Invertebrates with a gastrovascular cavity 29-

8. Figure 29.3A Open circulatory system in a grasshopper 29-

9. Figure 29.3B Closed circulatory system in an earthworm 29-

11. Figure 29.4A Single-loop circulatory pathway in fishes 29-

12. Figure 29.4B Two-circuit pathway in amphibians and most reptiles 29-

13. Figure 29.4C Complete separation of pulmonary and systemic circuits in birds, mammals, and some reptiles 29-

14. The Mammalian Cardiovascular System Consists of the Heart and Blood Vessels 29-

17. Figure 29.5 Structure of the heart 29-

19. Figure 29.6A The phases of a heartbeat 29-

20. Figure 29.6B Conduction system of the heart 29-

22. Figure 29.7A Types of blood vessels 29-

23. Figure 29.7B Anatomy of a capillary bed 29-

25. Figure 29.8 Path of blood in the body 29-

27. Figure 29.9A Velocity and blood pressure are related to the cross-sectional area of the blood vessels 29-

28. Figure 29.9B How a valve affects the movement of blood in a vein 29-

31. Figure 29.11 Plaque buildup in a coronary artery 29-

32. Blood Has Vital Functions 29-

35. Figure 29.12 Composition of blood 29-

37. Figure 29.13 Blood clotting 29-

39. Figure 29.14 Hematopoietic cells (adult stem cells in red bone marrow) produce cells that become the various types of blood cells. 29-

41. Figure 29.15A Capillary exchange 29-

42. Figure 29.15B A lymphatic capillary bed lies near a blood capillary bed 29-

44. 29-

46. Figure 29.16A No agglutination occurs when the donor and recipient have the same type blood 29-

47. Figure 29.16B Agglutination occurs because blood type B has anti-A antibodies in the plasma 29-