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MILLIMETER WAVE MOBILE 
COMMUNICATIONS FOR 5G CELLULAR
CONTENTS:- 
 Introduction. 
 Wireless evolution. 
 Advantages of using 5G. 
 Why millimeter wave should be used ? 
 History 
 Antennas 
 Bandwidth ,Beam width interference resistance, security. 
 Propagation behavior. 
 Advantages, disadvantages. 
 Conclusion .
INTRODUCTION 
 Global bandwidth shortage. 
 Wireless service providers (W.S.P) are facing many challenges. 
 Carrier frequency spectrum is between 700Mhz to 2.6Ghz. 
 WSP requires simultaneous management of multiple 
technologies.
 The base station should be backward compatible.
 M B N need to support higher data rate requirement. 
 Efficient radio access technology combined with more spectrum 
availability is required.
SOLUTION 
 Larger bandwidth and higher data rates. 
 highly required for 5G wireless networks .
WIRELESS EVOLUTION 
The generation Access protocols Key features Level of evolution 
1G FDMA Analog, primarily voice, less 
secure, support for low bit rate 
data 
Access to and roaming across 
single type of analog wireless 
networks 
2G&2.5G TDMA,CDMA Digital, more secure, voice 
and data 
Access to and roaming across 
single type of digital wireless 
networks and access to 1G 
3G&3.5G CDMA 2000,W-CDMA, 
HSDPA,TD-SCDMA 
Digital, multimedia, global 
roaming across a single type 
of wireless network(for 
example, cellular), limited IP 
interoperability, 
2Mbps to several Mbps 
Access to and roaming across 
digital multimedia wireless 
networks and access to 2G 
and 1G 
4G OFDM Global roaming across 
multiple wireless networks, 
10Mbps-100Mbps, IP 
interoperability for seamless 
mobile internet 
Access to and roaming across 
diverse and heterogeneous 
mobile and wireless 
Broadband networks and 
access to 3G,2G and 1G
Millimeter Wave mobile communications for 5g cellular
FIFTH GENERATION (5G) WIRELESS COMMUNICATION 
 Greater frequency allocation at millimeter wave. 
 Highly directional beam forming antennas. 
 All IP networks 
 Finest Quality Of Service(QOS)
ADVANTAGES OF USING 5G 
 Longer battery life. 
 Lower infrastructure cost. 
 Higher data rates . 
 More efficient. 
 High reliability. 
 High security.
 The back bone networks for 5G will move from copper cables to 
optical fiber cable to millimeter wave wireless communication. 
TO
MILLIMETER(MM) WAVE TECHNOLOGY 
What is MM wave? 
 Next generation wireless technology that can provide 
up to multi - Gbps wireless connectivity 
 Data rate is expected to be 40-100 times faster than 
today’s wireless LAN technologies.
 Frequency range is from 25GHz to 300GHz. 
Wavelength is between 10mm to 1mm. 
 So, What are the advantages of using this ? 
 The radio spectrum is still rather undeveloped . 
 More bandwidth is available. 
 Hence higher data rates is achieved. 
 Security and privacy is better at mm-wave.
HISTORY OF MM WAVE 
 Mm-wave was first demonstrated by Sir J.C.Bose in the year 
1897. 
J.C. Bose Demonstrating Millimeter Wave in 1897
 1960Radio astronomy. 
 1970Military applications. 
 1980mm wave IC for commercial applications. 
 1990Consumer-oriented use of mm wave above 40 GHz. 
 2003 FCC authorized 71-76 GHz and 81-86 GHz for licensed point 
to point communication.
BANDWIDTH 
 Augment the currently saturated radio spectrum of 
700Mhz. To 2.6Ghz. 
 Mm-wave carrier frequency allow for larger bandwidth. 
 Expand channel band width way beyond 20Mhz.
BEAM WIDTH INTERFERENCE RESISTANCE AND 
SECURITY 
 Narrow beam width (approx. 2 degree beam width). 
 Reduces the interference. 
 Spectrum reuse can be done. 
 Cross-polarization techniques 
 Waves are highly directional. 
 This offers high security. 
 By using cryptographic algorithms the network can be further 
secured
ANTENNA ARRAY 
 Narrow beam are the new feature of mm-wave 
 They reduces fading, multi-path, and interference 
 Antenna geometry is at chip size
 The physical size of antennas are so small . 
 This becomes practical to build complex antenna arrays. 
 Further integrate them on chip or PCB.
 Due to advances in VLSI technology. 
 It is possible to generate circuits which operate at mm wave 
frequencies 
 This enables to create several array smart antenna which is adaptable 
in nature .
PROPAGATION BEHAVIOR 
 Based on the principle of line of sight (LOS)paths 
 It is required to use reflective paths by many object.
 Reflections can establish non-LOS links 
 Path loss exponent: 
 2 for LOS 
 4 for non LOS 
Picture showing mm-wave propagation
 To incorporate directional beam forming 
 RX and TX communicate via Main lobes. 
 Steering antenna is required. 
 Smart antenna is required
ADVANTAGES 
 Larger bandwidth 
 Higher transmission rate 
 Capability of spread spectrum and is more immune to interference. 
 Extremely high frequencies allow multiple short-distance . 
 Requires the narrow beam width. 
 Reduces hardware size. 
 Higher the frequency - smaller the antenna.
DISADVANTAGES 
 Higher costs in manufacturing . 
 Extremely high frequencies- significant attenuation. 
 Millimeter waves - long distance applications. 
 The penetration power of mm wave -concrete walls is known less. 
 Interferences with oxygen & rain also.
CONCLUSION 
 Millimeter wave - 5G cellular communication. 
 Bandwidth and higher data rates . 
 Further research is going on to remove the limitations. 
 Reliability and efficiency in using these spectrum.
THE FUTURE
REFERENCES 
[1] T. S. Rappaport, Shu Sun, Rimma Mayzus et al ``Millimeter wave mobile 
communications for 5G cellular: it will work!,'' Proc. IEEE, vol. 1, 2013, no. 10, pp. 
335_349, may. 2013. 
[2] T. S. Rappaport, J. N. Murdock, and F. Gutierrez, ``State of the art in 60 GHz 
integrated circuits & systems for wireless communications,'' Proc.int IEEE, vol. 99, 
no. 8, pp. 1390_1436, Aug. 2011. 
[3] M. Cudak, A. Ghosh, T. Kovarik, R. Ratasuk, T. Thomas, F. Vook, and P. Moorut, 
``Moving towards mmwave-based beyond-4G (B-4G) Technology,'' in Proc. IEEE 
Veh. Technol. Soc. Conf., 2013, pp. 1_17. 
[4] Y. Chen, S. De, R. Kernchen, and K. Moessner, ``Device discovery in future service 
platforms through SIP,'' in Proc. IEEE Veh. Technol. Conf., Sep. 2012, pp. 1_5. 
URL’s: 
[5]http://www.cablinginstall.com/articles/2013/12/millimeter-wave-article.html 
[6]http://nsn.com/news-events/insight-newsletter/articles/5g-ultra-wideband-enhanced-local- 
area-systems-at-millimeter-wave 
[7]http://global.samsungtomorrow.com/?p=24093 
[8] http://www.mobileinfo.com/3G/4G_Sun_MobileIP.htm 
[9] http://www.athenawave.com/products/about-millimeter-wave 
[10] http://www.profheath.org/hot-topics/millimeter-wave-cellular-systems 

Millimeter Wave mobile communications for 5g cellular

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Millimeter Wave mobile communications for 5g cellular

  • 1. MILLIMETER WAVE MOBILE COMMUNICATIONS FOR 5G CELLULAR
  • 2. CONTENTS:-  Introduction.  Wireless evolution.  Advantages of using 5G.  Why millimeter wave should be used ?  History  Antennas  Bandwidth ,Beam width interference resistance, security.  Propagation behavior.  Advantages, disadvantages.  Conclusion .
  • 3. INTRODUCTION  Global bandwidth shortage.  Wireless service providers (W.S.P) are facing many challenges.  Carrier frequency spectrum is between 700Mhz to 2.6Ghz.  WSP requires simultaneous management of multiple technologies.
  • 4.  The base station should be backward compatible.
  • 5.  M B N need to support higher data rate requirement.  Efficient radio access technology combined with more spectrum availability is required.
  • 6. SOLUTION  Larger bandwidth and higher data rates.  highly required for 5G wireless networks .
  • 7. WIRELESS EVOLUTION The generation Access protocols Key features Level of evolution 1G FDMA Analog, primarily voice, less secure, support for low bit rate data Access to and roaming across single type of analog wireless networks 2G&2.5G TDMA,CDMA Digital, more secure, voice and data Access to and roaming across single type of digital wireless networks and access to 1G 3G&3.5G CDMA 2000,W-CDMA, HSDPA,TD-SCDMA Digital, multimedia, global roaming across a single type of wireless network(for example, cellular), limited IP interoperability, 2Mbps to several Mbps Access to and roaming across digital multimedia wireless networks and access to 2G and 1G 4G OFDM Global roaming across multiple wireless networks, 10Mbps-100Mbps, IP interoperability for seamless mobile internet Access to and roaming across diverse and heterogeneous mobile and wireless Broadband networks and access to 3G,2G and 1G
  • 9. FIFTH GENERATION (5G) WIRELESS COMMUNICATION  Greater frequency allocation at millimeter wave.  Highly directional beam forming antennas.  All IP networks  Finest Quality Of Service(QOS)
  • 10. ADVANTAGES OF USING 5G  Longer battery life.  Lower infrastructure cost.  Higher data rates .  More efficient.  High reliability.  High security.
  • 11.  The back bone networks for 5G will move from copper cables to optical fiber cable to millimeter wave wireless communication. TO
  • 12. MILLIMETER(MM) WAVE TECHNOLOGY What is MM wave?  Next generation wireless technology that can provide up to multi - Gbps wireless connectivity  Data rate is expected to be 40-100 times faster than today’s wireless LAN technologies.
  • 13.  Frequency range is from 25GHz to 300GHz. Wavelength is between 10mm to 1mm.  So, What are the advantages of using this ?  The radio spectrum is still rather undeveloped .  More bandwidth is available.  Hence higher data rates is achieved.  Security and privacy is better at mm-wave.
  • 14. HISTORY OF MM WAVE  Mm-wave was first demonstrated by Sir J.C.Bose in the year 1897. J.C. Bose Demonstrating Millimeter Wave in 1897
  • 15.  1960Radio astronomy.  1970Military applications.  1980mm wave IC for commercial applications.  1990Consumer-oriented use of mm wave above 40 GHz.  2003 FCC authorized 71-76 GHz and 81-86 GHz for licensed point to point communication.
  • 16. BANDWIDTH  Augment the currently saturated radio spectrum of 700Mhz. To 2.6Ghz.  Mm-wave carrier frequency allow for larger bandwidth.  Expand channel band width way beyond 20Mhz.
  • 17. BEAM WIDTH INTERFERENCE RESISTANCE AND SECURITY  Narrow beam width (approx. 2 degree beam width).  Reduces the interference.  Spectrum reuse can be done.  Cross-polarization techniques  Waves are highly directional.  This offers high security.  By using cryptographic algorithms the network can be further secured
  • 18. ANTENNA ARRAY  Narrow beam are the new feature of mm-wave  They reduces fading, multi-path, and interference  Antenna geometry is at chip size
  • 19.  The physical size of antennas are so small .  This becomes practical to build complex antenna arrays.  Further integrate them on chip or PCB.
  • 20.  Due to advances in VLSI technology.  It is possible to generate circuits which operate at mm wave frequencies  This enables to create several array smart antenna which is adaptable in nature .
  • 21. PROPAGATION BEHAVIOR  Based on the principle of line of sight (LOS)paths  It is required to use reflective paths by many object.
  • 22.  Reflections can establish non-LOS links  Path loss exponent:  2 for LOS  4 for non LOS Picture showing mm-wave propagation
  • 23.  To incorporate directional beam forming  RX and TX communicate via Main lobes.  Steering antenna is required.  Smart antenna is required
  • 24. ADVANTAGES  Larger bandwidth  Higher transmission rate  Capability of spread spectrum and is more immune to interference.  Extremely high frequencies allow multiple short-distance .  Requires the narrow beam width.  Reduces hardware size.  Higher the frequency - smaller the antenna.
  • 25. DISADVANTAGES  Higher costs in manufacturing .  Extremely high frequencies- significant attenuation.  Millimeter waves - long distance applications.  The penetration power of mm wave -concrete walls is known less.  Interferences with oxygen & rain also.
  • 26. CONCLUSION  Millimeter wave - 5G cellular communication.  Bandwidth and higher data rates .  Further research is going on to remove the limitations.  Reliability and efficiency in using these spectrum.
  • 28. REFERENCES [1] T. S. Rappaport, Shu Sun, Rimma Mayzus et al ``Millimeter wave mobile communications for 5G cellular: it will work!,'' Proc. IEEE, vol. 1, 2013, no. 10, pp. 335_349, may. 2013. [2] T. S. Rappaport, J. N. Murdock, and F. Gutierrez, ``State of the art in 60 GHz integrated circuits & systems for wireless communications,'' Proc.int IEEE, vol. 99, no. 8, pp. 1390_1436, Aug. 2011. [3] M. Cudak, A. Ghosh, T. Kovarik, R. Ratasuk, T. Thomas, F. Vook, and P. Moorut, ``Moving towards mmwave-based beyond-4G (B-4G) Technology,'' in Proc. IEEE Veh. Technol. Soc. Conf., 2013, pp. 1_17. [4] Y. Chen, S. De, R. Kernchen, and K. Moessner, ``Device discovery in future service platforms through SIP,'' in Proc. IEEE Veh. Technol. Conf., Sep. 2012, pp. 1_5. URL’s: [5]http://www.cablinginstall.com/articles/2013/12/millimeter-wave-article.html [6]http://nsn.com/news-events/insight-newsletter/articles/5g-ultra-wideband-enhanced-local- area-systems-at-millimeter-wave [7]http://global.samsungtomorrow.com/?p=24093 [8] http://www.mobileinfo.com/3G/4G_Sun_MobileIP.htm [9] http://www.athenawave.com/products/about-millimeter-wave [10] http://www.profheath.org/hot-topics/millimeter-wave-cellular-systems 