The next generation of wireless mobile communication is here know as 5G cellular which will revolutionize the way which see at wireless communication today !!!
2. CONTENTS:-
Introduction.
Wireless evolution.
Advantages of using 5G.
Why millimeter wave should be used ?
History
Antennas
Bandwidth ,Beam width interference resistance, security.
Propagation behavior.
Advantages, disadvantages.
Conclusion .
3. INTRODUCTION
Global bandwidth shortage.
Wireless service providers (W.S.P) are facing many challenges.
Carrier frequency spectrum is between 700Mhz to 2.6Ghz.
WSP requires simultaneous management of multiple
technologies.
4. The base station should be backward compatible.
5. M B N need to support higher data rate requirement.
Efficient radio access technology combined with more spectrum
availability is required.
6. SOLUTION
Larger bandwidth and higher data rates.
highly required for 5G wireless networks .
7. WIRELESS EVOLUTION
The generation Access protocols Key features Level of evolution
1G FDMA Analog, primarily voice, less
secure, support for low bit rate
data
Access to and roaming across
single type of analog wireless
networks
2G&2.5G TDMA,CDMA Digital, more secure, voice
and data
Access to and roaming across
single type of digital wireless
networks and access to 1G
3G&3.5G CDMA 2000,W-CDMA,
HSDPA,TD-SCDMA
Digital, multimedia, global
roaming across a single type
of wireless network(for
example, cellular), limited IP
interoperability,
2Mbps to several Mbps
Access to and roaming across
digital multimedia wireless
networks and access to 2G
and 1G
4G OFDM Global roaming across
multiple wireless networks,
10Mbps-100Mbps, IP
interoperability for seamless
mobile internet
Access to and roaming across
diverse and heterogeneous
mobile and wireless
Broadband networks and
access to 3G,2G and 1G
9. FIFTH GENERATION (5G) WIRELESS COMMUNICATION
Greater frequency allocation at millimeter wave.
Highly directional beam forming antennas.
All IP networks
Finest Quality Of Service(QOS)
10. ADVANTAGES OF USING 5G
Longer battery life.
Lower infrastructure cost.
Higher data rates .
More efficient.
High reliability.
High security.
11. The back bone networks for 5G will move from copper cables to
optical fiber cable to millimeter wave wireless communication.
TO
12. MILLIMETER(MM) WAVE TECHNOLOGY
What is MM wave?
Next generation wireless technology that can provide
up to multi - Gbps wireless connectivity
Data rate is expected to be 40-100 times faster than
today’s wireless LAN technologies.
13. Frequency range is from 25GHz to 300GHz.
Wavelength is between 10mm to 1mm.
So, What are the advantages of using this ?
The radio spectrum is still rather undeveloped .
More bandwidth is available.
Hence higher data rates is achieved.
Security and privacy is better at mm-wave.
14. HISTORY OF MM WAVE
Mm-wave was first demonstrated by Sir J.C.Bose in the year
1897.
J.C. Bose Demonstrating Millimeter Wave in 1897
15. 1960Radio astronomy.
1970Military applications.
1980mm wave IC for commercial applications.
1990Consumer-oriented use of mm wave above 40 GHz.
2003 FCC authorized 71-76 GHz and 81-86 GHz for licensed point
to point communication.
16. BANDWIDTH
Augment the currently saturated radio spectrum of
700Mhz. To 2.6Ghz.
Mm-wave carrier frequency allow for larger bandwidth.
Expand channel band width way beyond 20Mhz.
17. BEAM WIDTH INTERFERENCE RESISTANCE AND
SECURITY
Narrow beam width (approx. 2 degree beam width).
Reduces the interference.
Spectrum reuse can be done.
Cross-polarization techniques
Waves are highly directional.
This offers high security.
By using cryptographic algorithms the network can be further
secured
18. ANTENNA ARRAY
Narrow beam are the new feature of mm-wave
They reduces fading, multi-path, and interference
Antenna geometry is at chip size
19. The physical size of antennas are so small .
This becomes practical to build complex antenna arrays.
Further integrate them on chip or PCB.
20. Due to advances in VLSI technology.
It is possible to generate circuits which operate at mm wave
frequencies
This enables to create several array smart antenna which is adaptable
in nature .
21. PROPAGATION BEHAVIOR
Based on the principle of line of sight (LOS)paths
It is required to use reflective paths by many object.
22. Reflections can establish non-LOS links
Path loss exponent:
2 for LOS
4 for non LOS
Picture showing mm-wave propagation
23. To incorporate directional beam forming
RX and TX communicate via Main lobes.
Steering antenna is required.
Smart antenna is required
24. ADVANTAGES
Larger bandwidth
Higher transmission rate
Capability of spread spectrum and is more immune to interference.
Extremely high frequencies allow multiple short-distance .
Requires the narrow beam width.
Reduces hardware size.
Higher the frequency - smaller the antenna.
25. DISADVANTAGES
Higher costs in manufacturing .
Extremely high frequencies- significant attenuation.
Millimeter waves - long distance applications.
The penetration power of mm wave -concrete walls is known less.
Interferences with oxygen & rain also.
26. CONCLUSION
Millimeter wave - 5G cellular communication.
Bandwidth and higher data rates .
Further research is going on to remove the limitations.
Reliability and efficiency in using these spectrum.
28. REFERENCES
[1] T. S. Rappaport, Shu Sun, Rimma Mayzus et al ``Millimeter wave mobile
communications for 5G cellular: it will work!,'' Proc. IEEE, vol. 1, 2013, no. 10, pp.
335_349, may. 2013.
[2] T. S. Rappaport, J. N. Murdock, and F. Gutierrez, ``State of the art in 60 GHz
integrated circuits & systems for wireless communications,'' Proc.int IEEE, vol. 99,
no. 8, pp. 1390_1436, Aug. 2011.
[3] M. Cudak, A. Ghosh, T. Kovarik, R. Ratasuk, T. Thomas, F. Vook, and P. Moorut,
``Moving towards mmwave-based beyond-4G (B-4G) Technology,'' in Proc. IEEE
Veh. Technol. Soc. Conf., 2013, pp. 1_17.
[4] Y. Chen, S. De, R. Kernchen, and K. Moessner, ``Device discovery in future service
platforms through SIP,'' in Proc. IEEE Veh. Technol. Conf., Sep. 2012, pp. 1_5.
URL’s:
[5]http://www.cablinginstall.com/articles/2013/12/millimeter-wave-article.html
[6]http://nsn.com/news-events/insight-newsletter/articles/5g-ultra-wideband-enhanced-local-
area-systems-at-millimeter-wave
[7]http://global.samsungtomorrow.com/?p=24093
[8] http://www.mobileinfo.com/3G/4G_Sun_MobileIP.htm
[9] http://www.athenawave.com/products/about-millimeter-wave
[10] http://www.profheath.org/hot-topics/millimeter-wave-cellular-systems