A solar cell basic function and its equivalent circuit diagram with proper explanation

1. Seminar By:
Pritam Rath
Regd. No. 0911013206
Dept. Of Electrical
Engineering
ITER, Bhubaneswar
A SOLAR CELL
1

2. Efficiency Study
Solar Cell Types
Equivalent Circuit Diagram
Maximum Cell Performance
Solar Cell Characteristics
A Solar Cell
How to Harness Solar Power
Solar Energy – Need
2

3. SOLAR ENERGY – NEED
FOOD
ENERG
Y
HUMAN
HUMAN
HOTEL
A
HOTEL
B
80 INR
150 INR
COAL,
NUCLEAR
SOLAR, GEO
THERMAL, WIN
D
LESS
COSTLY
BIT COSTLY
3

4. HOW TO HARNESS SOLAR
ENERGY
P
N
P
N
Solar Power is converted to
electricity using PV
(Photovoltaic) effect.Solar Power is concentrated
and converted to thermal
energy which is converted to
electric energy.
4

5. In 1839, Edmond Becquerel found that two different
brass plates immersed in a liquid produced a
continuous current when illuminated with sunlight. We
now believe that he had made a copper - cuprous
oxide thin - film solar cell. Later in the 1870s,
Willoughby Smith, W. G. Adams, and R. E. Day
discovered a PV effect in selenium.
A solar cell is a semi-conducting device made of
silicon or other materials, which, when exposed to
sunlight, generates electricity. It uses the Photovoltaic
technology.
A SOLAR CELL
5

6. ‹#›

7. MATERIALS FOR A SOLAR CELL
WHY
SEMICONDUCTORS
ARE USED??
7

8. SOLAR CELL
CHARACTERISTICS
I-V CHARACTERISTICS
(WITHOUT ILLUMINATION)
P
N
P
N
I
V
I=Io{exp(V/VT)-1}
Where,
Io= reverse saturation
current
VT = Voltage equivalent of
Temperature
Normally at 20 degrees it
is 26 mV.
VT = kT/q
8

9. SOLAR CELL
CHARACTERISTICS
I-V CHARACTERISTICS
(WITH ILLUMINATION)
I
V
P
N
P
N
Isc
Isc
Voc
Voc
9

10. SOLAR CELL
CHARACTERISTICS
I-V CHARACTERISTICS
Voc
Isc
I=-Isc+Io{exp(V/VT)-1}
Voc=VT ln{(Isc/Io)+1}
10

11.  Fill Factor
FF= Vm.Im/Voc.Isc
 Efficiency,
Efficeincy=Vm.Im/Solar
Power
MAXIMUM CELL PERFORMANCE
Vm
V
P
Max. Power
Point
11

12. EQUIVALENT CIRCUIT DIAGRAM
I=Isc-Io{exp(V/VT)-1}
12

13. EQUIVALENT CIRCUIT DIAGRAM
13

14. • Bulk Material Cell
• Thin-Film Cell
• Single Crystal Silicon Cell
• Multicrystalline Silicon Cell
• Amorphous Silicon (a-Si) Cell
• GaAs Cell
• CIGS Cell
• CdTe Cell
• Organic PV Cell
SOLAR CELL TYPES
14

15. THICKNESS OF ACTIVE
MATERIAL
Bulk Material Thin-Film Cell
15

16. TYPE OF ACTIVE MATERIAL
USED
Single Crystal Silicon
Cell
Multicrystalline Silicon
Cell16

17. TYPE OF ACTIVE MATERIAL
USED
Amorphous Silicon (a-Si) Cell
17

18. TYPE OF ACTIVE MATERIAL
USED
GaAs Cell CIGS Cell
Organic PV Cell18

19. EFFICIENCY STUDY
19

20. 20
 Martin A. Green, Keith Emery, Yoshihiro
Hishikawa and Wilhelm Warta, “Solar cell
efficiency tables”, Published online 18 June
2010 in Wiley InterScience
(www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI:
10.1002/pip.1021.
 B H Khan, “Non-Conventional Energy
Resources”, TMH-2nd Edition, Page 159-179.
 en.wikipedia.org/wiki.Solar_cell.
 http://pveducation.org/pvcdrom/solar-cell-
operation/iv-curve
REFERENCES