electronic paper electronic ink e paper e ink

1. PRESENTED BY:
RICHA RITAMBHARA
REGD- 0911016044
SEC- C, ECE
ELECTRONIC PAPER
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2. HISTORY
• Developed in the 1970’s by Nick Sheridon at Xerox's
Palo Alto Research Center.
• The first electronic paper was called Gyricon.
•At the FPD 2008 exhibition, Japanese company Soken
demonstrated a wall with electronic wall-paper using this
technology.
•Random example:
USB flash drive with
E Ink-implemented
capacity meter of available
flash memory.
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3. WHAT IS E-PAPER ?
An Electronic Paper Display is a display that possesses:
• a paper-like high contrast appearance
• ultra-low power consumption
• a thin and light form
• gives the viewer the experience of reading from
paper, while having the power of updatable
information.
Electronic ink is a proprietary material that is processed
into a film for integration into electronic displays.
Although revolutionary in concept, electronic ink is a
straightforward fusion of chemistry, physics and
electronics to create this new material.
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4. FEATURES OF E-PAPER
Form- Thin, light
weight,
shatterproof,
flexible.
Power- Ultra
low power.
Look- Bright,
high contrast,
full viewing
angle and
sunlight
readable.
Differences
from LCD
display:
•LCD display- back-lit
light.
E-paper- uses ambient
light.
•LCD display- monostable.
E-paper display- bistable.
•Power requirement-
E-paper requires lower
power than LCD.
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5. BASIC DIFFERENCE
E-Ink screen:
(Needs external
light)
LCD screen:
(Backlit)
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6. OVERALL STUCTURE
Composition:
•Titania particles inside capsules.
•Hydrocarbon oil containing dye
•Plates having gap (10-100)µm
•Migration of particles: electrophoresis
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7. ELECTROPHORETIC
TECHNOLOGY
•2 screen layers of width (10-100) µm
•Tiny capsules between layers
•There are millions of titania capsules between
the two layers
•Each capsule is about 5 microns wide.
Top screen layer
Bottom screen layer
Capsules
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8. HOW BIG IS A MICRON?
•Strand of hair
20-180 microns wide
•Red blood cell
8 microns wide
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9. How do the capsules work?
Filled
with
fluid
Each capsule contains thousands of
smaller black(neg-) and white(pos+)
JANUS particles.
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10. But how does this make letters
appear on the screen!?
Top layer
Capsules
Electrodes
Thousands of
electrodes under the
screen emit positive
and negative electrical
charges.
Top layer
Capsules
Bottom layer
Electrodes
When a negative charge
is emitted, the negatively
charged black particles
are repelled and are
pushed to the top of the
capsule.
Bottom layer
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11. When a positive charge is
emitted, the positively
charged white
particles are repelled and
are pushed to the top of the
capsule.
Capsules
Bottom layer
Electrodes
Top layer
Thousands of electrodes and millions of
microcapsules work together to create letters and
images on the eReader screen.
APPLE
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12. DISPLAY MANUFACTURERS
 Delta Electronics
 LG
 NEC
 Plastic Logic
 E Ink Holdings, flexible EPLaR
 Samsung
 Seiko Epson
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13. APPLICATIONS
 Education: digital schoolbooks or e-books.
 Wristwatches: refreshing display, overlapping.
 Newspapers: flexible, iRex iLiad.
 Cell phones: Motorola„s low-cost mobile phone,
Motorola F3 uses an alphanumeric black/white
electrophoretic display; Samsung Alias 2.
A Fujitsu employee displays the prototype model of an electronic
paper display that is flexible and does not blur even if it is bent or
pressed by a finger
Wristwatches
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14. ADVANTAGES
 Paper-like readability
 Sunlight and non-uniform light visibility
 High reflectivity, high contrast & resolution
 Viewing angle ~180 degree
 Highly flexible
 Ultra-Low Power Consumption
 Long-term Bistable Image: content
preserved without power
 Prolonged battery life
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15. DISADVANTAGES
 Full color implementation- not yet.
 Implementation of video on it- not yet.
 Flexibility of the e-paper such that it
can be rolled or folded- not yet.
 Develop it as such that it will reflect
infra red rays and the documents can
be read by using night vision camera
only, or so that it can be used by
military and security purposes.
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16. REFERENCES
 Crowley, J. M.; Sheridon, N. K.; Romano,
L. "Dipole moments of gyricon balls"
Journal
of Electrostatics 2011., 55, (3-4), 247.
 Comiskey, B.; Albert, J. D.; Yoshizawa,
H.; Jacobson, J. "An electrophoretic ink
for allprinted reflective electronic
displays" Nature 1998, 394, (6690), 253-
255.
 Blankenbach K, Schmoll A, Bitman A,
Bartels F and Jerosch D 2008 “Novel
highly
reflective and bistable electrowetting
displays” SID J. 16 237–44. 16

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