The road to war, the aesthetics of anguish

THE ROAD TO WAR
The aesthetics of anguish
MA ROSA M. BRITO

Art in the 20th. Century: origins and
characteristics
• New concept of realism. Why does art have to be exclusively
figurative? Why does it have to be tridimensional? Why does
the theme have to be recognizable?
Paul Gauguin,
• Elements from non European Mahana no Atua,
cultures (primitivism). 1894

George Braque,
Casas en • New expression of color and form
L´Estaque, 1904

Rene
• New philosophical and psychological Magritte,
advances, as Freud´s theories Reproduction
prohibited,
(Surrealism) 1937
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 New levels of artwork “reading”

a) First reading: to observe and identify
the items present in the artwork, their
formal characteristics (elements and
principles of art) and its iconographic
meaning.

b) Second reading: to connect the
elements among themselves to give a
personal interpretation of the artwork
considering the historical and social
contexts surrounding the artist and his
creative process.

c) Third reading: to take your personal
interpretation to a philosophical and
universal ground, leaving the artwork
aside.
The ladder, Chema Madoz, Spanish
photographer (Madrid, 1958) MA ROSA M. BRITO

Historical, social and cultural context in the
first decades of the 20th, Century
1900 - 1914, the stage for a continental war.
• Nationalism and the notion of nation-state
• Militia´s growth
• Rival alliances

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• Colonial expansion.
•Rivalry among the colonizing super powers: Great Britain,
France, Germany, Italy, Austria.
• Artists look for inspiration in exotic worlds without defining
a concrete style.

Paul Gauguin, Femmes de Tahiti

Picasso, Cráneo de toro

Edwin Lord Weeks, A street market scene in
India
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• Change in the social structure. The workers´ movement and
the proliferation of socialist ideas will culminate in the Russian
Revolution of 1917.
• Numerous artists will compromise themselves with political
ideas and workers´ uprisings

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Connection with Latin America: Mexican Muralist Movement

Diego Rivera, El Agitador, 1926
Universidad Autónoma de Chapingo

•The arrival of new countries in the international stage.
United States , Japan, all the colonized nations: Africa, Asia,
and the Amerindian cultures
• Contribute to the arts with new systems of reality´s
representation, in painting and sculpture

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• First World War (1914-1918) will make evident the socio-
political and cultural crisis in Europe, as well as the
contradictions in the realm of artistic representation .

• The Great War lasted 4 years causing 8 millions of human
casualties, the whole generation born in 1880.

•It was the first industrial war: technological advances, mass
production of warfare, and a general mobilization of economic,
mechanic, and human resources.

•In this war, the soldier was the servant and victim of the
machine: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=IjarLbD9r30

•Europe emerges from this war exhausted, terrified and
modernized by force by the technological advances at the
service of the warfare apparatus.
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• Impact on the arts
• The Great War was represented by artist on either side of
the firing line.

Song written in 1914. It´s a long way to Tipperary
http://www.greatwar.nl/index.html

Oh, Oh, Oh It´s a lovely war!!
http://www.ww1photos.com/OhWhatALovelyWar.html

MA ROSA M. BRITO

A Natural History of the Dead

The Heritage of the Great War

“Until the dead are buried they change somewhat
in appearance each day. The color change in
Caucasian races is from white to yellow, to yellow-
green, to black. If left long enough in the heat
the flesh comes to resemble coal-tar, especially
where it has been broken or torn, and it has quite
a visible tarlike iridescence. The dead grow larger
each day until sometimes they become quite too
big for their uniforms, filling these until they
seem blown tight enough to burst. The individual
members may increase in girth to an unbelievable Ernest Hemingway,
American writer
extent and faces fill as taut and globular as
balloons. “

The Heritage of the Great War

MA ROSA M. BRITO The Heritage of the Great War

Art´s not dead
http://www.artsnotdead.com/Dutch-Propaganda-Poster-Leest-Storm-Kultur-Terror-p/mn00001.htm

Versailles Treaty: effects
• The League of Nations: 32 countries, allies and neutral;
Germany and Russia are excluded
• Germany looses territory with France, and hands out all its
colonies in Africa and the Pacific Basin
• Limits are imposed in the size of the German militia
• Germany is forbidden to manufacture and import weapons
• Germany is forbidden to build or buy any submarines or to
have an air force
• Germany is held responsible for the war, and it has to pay
the allies for the length of 30 years.
First Hitler´s speech after taking power in 1933
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=boGHIVFRS7c
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Second World War

The Great Dictator
Charles Chaplin, 1940
http://www.youtube.com/
watch?v=IJOuoyoMhj8

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Escena de Pink Floyd , The Wall (1982)
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=s6cfdw9LRx0

Propaganda from the
Walt Disney Studios

The works done by
the Disney Studio
were from short
animated films, to
comic strips to
posters, generally
having Donald Duck
as the hero.

MA ROSA M. BRITO

USA posture towards Hitler and Nazism was more
aggressive than any other country, concerning the
propaganda used. This influenced the production of
art, as the Disney Studios shows in the short films,
where the villain was German, and the American
nationalism was present.

Der Fuehrer Face (1942)
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=iumEGAUceDg

This short film was never sold or published after the
war, since USA prohibited it.

REFERENCIES AND BIBLIOGRAPHY

Toons at War. Der Fuehrerâ€™s Face. Walt Disney. (n.d.)..Toons at War. Der Fuehrerâ€™s Face. Walt Disney. . Retrieved
February 15, 2011, from http://toonsatwar.blogspot.com/
Beck, R. B. (2009). World history: patterns of interaction. Evanston, Ill.: McDougal Littell.
La Primera Guerra Mundial. (n.d.). La Primera Guerra Mundial. Retrieved February 14, 2011, from
http://clio.rediris.es/udidactica/IGM/
Mittler, G. A. (2000). Art in focus: aesthetics, criticism, history, studio (4th ed.). New York : GLENCOE/MCGRAW-HILL.
Norwegian World War Military Propaganda Poster Leest Storm Kultur Terror - artsnotdead.com. (n.d.). Unique Vintage
Posters and Prints - Art's Not Dead. Retrieved February 15, 2011, from http://www.artsnotdead.com/Dutch-
Propaganda-Poster-Leest-Storm-Kultur-Terror-p/mn00001.htm
Revista de Artes. (n.d.). Revista de Artes. Retrieved February 14, 2011, from
http://revistadeartes.com.ar/revistadeartes%205/africa.htm
Segunda Guerra Mundial Â©. (n.d.). Segunda Guerra Mundial Â©. Retrieved February 15, 2011, from
http://sgm.casposidad.com/
SegundaGuerraMundial Â« La Segunda Guerra Mundial.. (n.d.). La Segunda Guerra Mundial.. Retrieved February 15,
2011, from http://organizacionesinter.wordpress.com/2010/03/20/imagenes-de-la-segunda-guerra-
mundial/segundaguerramundial/
The Heritage of the Great War. (n.d.). The Heritage of the Great War. Retrieved February 15, 2011, from
www.greatwar.nl/index.html
The National Archives. (n.d.). The National Archives. Retrieved February 14, 2011, from
www.nationalarchives.gov.uk/theartofwar/prop/
jonnyethco. (n.d.). YouTube - Donald Duck - Der Fuehrers Face [High Quality, best viewed as 720p] .
YouTube - Broadcast Yourself. . Retrieved February 15, 2011, from
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=iumEGAUceDg
ssvegeta9386. (n.d.). YouTube - The Great Dictator- Globe Scene . YouTube - Broadcast Yourself. .
Retrieved February 15, 2011, from http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=IJOuoyoMhj8

APA formatting by BibMe.org. MA ROSA M. BRITO

The road to war, the aesthetics of anguish

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The road to war, the aesthetics of anguish