We look at the Church's response to the Protestant Reformation, the Counter-Reformation. Art and culture were employed to arouse the faithful in a physical, visceral way. The addition of drama and tension affected both Catholic and Protestant art.

1. The Baroque

2. Caravaggio, Judith Beheading Holofernes, 1598–1599

3. Caravaggio, Deposition, c. 1600

4. Caravaggio, The Incredulity of Thomas, 1602-03

5. Artemisia Gentileschi, Judith Slaying Holofernes, 1611-12

6. Gian Lorenzo Bernini, Rape of Proserpina, 1621-22

8. Gian Lorenzo Bernini, David, 1623-24

9. Peter Paul Rubens, The Elevation of the Cross, 1610-1611

10. Rembrandt van Rijn, Anatomy Lesson of Dr. Tulp, 1632

11. Rembrandt van Rijn, Abduction of Europa, 1632

12. Rembrandt van Rijn, The Night Watch, 1642

13. Diego Velázquez, Pope Innocent X, c. 1650

14. Velázquez, Las Meninas, c. 1656