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Common Surgical Procedures,[object Object],By:  S. Delfin, RN,[object Object]
PRETEST NAMAN…,[object Object]
IDENTIFICATION (no retracing,no erasure),[object Object],_________ 1. Surgery to correct an abnormal bulging of internal organs, often the intestines through a weakness in a muscular wall.,[object Object],_________ 2. Surgical removal of a limb or Body part.,[object Object],_________ 3. Is the resection of the prostate by means of a cystoscope passed through the urethra.,[object Object],_________ 4. surgical resection of all or more commonly part of the stomach. ,[object Object],_________ 5. surgical opening into the Thoracic cavity.,[object Object]
_________ 6. Is the excision of the faucial tonsils.,[object Object],_________ 7. Endoscopic visualization of the anal canal, rectum, and sigmoidcolon.,[object Object],_________ 8. Formation of a permanent or temporary opening into the colon brought out onto the abdominal wall as a stoma.,[object Object],_________ 9. The removal of the entire uterus, fallopian tubes and the corresponding ovaries through an abdominal incision.,[object Object],_________ 10. Removal of the Lung. ,[object Object]
SURGICAL TERMINOLOGY,[object Object]
Common Surgical Procedures
Common Surgical Procedures
Common Surgical Procedures
Esophagoscopy,[object Object],Definition:,[object Object],Endoscopic Visualization of the esophagus.,[object Object],Indication:,[object Object],Esophagoscopyis performed to diagnose malignancies, esophagitis,(noting reflux), hiatal hernia, strictures, and varicies; to remove tissues or secretions for study; for direct therapeutic manipulations such as removal of a foreign body, injection or coagulation of varices.,[object Object]
PROCTOSIGMOIDOSCOPY,[object Object],Definition:,[object Object],	Endoscopic visualization of the anal canal, rectum, and sigmoidcolon.,[object Object],Indication:,[object Object],	This procedure is performed for diagnosis, excision of polyps, biopsy of lesions, and so on.,[object Object],Preparation of the patient:,[object Object],	Position of sigmoidoscopy include jacknife, modified lateral/sims or lithotomy.,[object Object]
Common Surgical Procedures
Common Surgical Procedures
COLOSTOMY,[object Object],Definition:,[object Object],	Formation of a permanent or temporary opening into the colon brought out onto the abdominal wall as a stoma.,[object Object],Indication:,[object Object],	A colostomy is intended to be either permanent or temporary. A temporary colostomy is performed to divert the fecal stream from the distal colon which may be obstructed by tumor or inflammation or which may require being “put at rest” because of anastomosis or a pouch procedure.,[object Object]
	A permanent colostomy is performed to treat malignancies of the colon; other indications include irrevocable rectal stricture, irrevocable anal incontinence, and inflammatory bowel disease.,[object Object]
Common Surgical Procedures
Common Surgical Procedures
HEMORRHOIDECTOMY,[object Object],Definition: ,[object Object],    Excision of the veins of the anus and associated overlying skin and anoderm (externally) and mucous membrane (internally).,[object Object],Indication:,[object Object],Hemorrhoidectomy refers to the removal of the hemorrhoidal tissues including the enlarged veins within. Anesthesia may be regional, local, or general ( or as combination). Following the induction of anesthesia, proctosigmoidoscopy is performed.,[object Object]
Common Surgical Procedures
DILATATION OF THE CERVIX AND CURETTAGE OF THE UTERUS(D&C),[object Object],Definition:,[object Object],	The gradual enlargement of the cervical canal and removal (by scraping) of endocervical or endometrial tissue for histologic study.,[object Object],Indication:,[object Object],	The procedure is usually performed to diagnose cervical or uterine malignancy, control dysfunctional uterine bleeding, and complete incomplete abortion.,[object Object]
HERNIORRHAPHY ,[object Object],Definition ,[object Object],	Surgery to correct an abnormal bulging of internal organs, often the intestines through a weakness in a muscular wall.,[object Object],Indication:,[object Object],	Hernias are either reducible or irreducible, that is incarcerated. The contents of an incarcerated hernia may become strangulated, compromising the viability of the trapped tissue.,[object Object],Types:,[object Object],Inguinal Hernia- multifascial defect is in the groin.,[object Object],Umbilical hernia- within the umbilicus,[object Object],Epigastric– defect in the abdominal wall between the xiphoid process and umbilicus through which fats protrudes.,[object Object]
Common Surgical Procedures
AMPUTATION,[object Object],Definition and Preparation,[object Object],Surgical removal of a limb or Body part,[object Object],Pre-op ,[object Object],assess medication history,[object Object],discuss possibility of phantom limbs sensation,[object Object],ensure adequate hydration,[object Object],Intra-op,[object Object],monitor blood pressure, temperature, heart rate,[object Object],maintain sterility,[object Object],anesthesia administered,[object Object],Post-op ,[object Object],monitor vita signs,[object Object],move the stump often to encourage circulation,[object Object],when dressing the stump, wrap it loosely,[object Object],maintain joint movement,[object Object],observe dressings for excessive bleeding,[object Object]
TURP- TRANSURETHRAL RESECTION OF PROSTATE ,[object Object],Definition,[object Object],	Is the resection of the prostate by means of a cystoscope passed through the urethra.,[object Object],Indication:,[object Object],	This procedure is particularly desirable when the patient is a poor surgical risk, thereby eliminating the need for prostatectomy.,[object Object]
Common Surgical Procedures
Common Surgical Procedures
GASTRECTOMY,[object Object],Definition ,[object Object],	surgical resection of all or more commonly part of the stomach. ,[object Object],Indication:,[object Object],	It is performed to remove a chronic peptic ulcer or to remove a malignancy and reestablishment of the continuity of the gastrointestinal tract.,[object Object]
THORACOSTOMY,[object Object],Definition ,[object Object],surgical opening into the Thoracic cavity,[object Object],Indication:,[object Object],To remove air and fluid from the pleural cavity and re-expansion of the lung.,[object Object]
CRANIOTOMY,[object Object],Definition:,[object Object],Opening of the skull.,[object Object],Indication:,[object Object],	The most basic form of craniotomy is the burr hole, a limited opening through which blood or fluid may be evacuated or instruments inserted, to divide neural tracts.,[object Object],[object Object]
Intracranial Aneurysm
Occluded and malformed Intracranial vessel
Subdural or epidural hematoma
Neurological disorders
Hydrocephalus
Congenital abnormalities,[object Object]
TONSILLECTOMY	,[object Object],Definition:,[object Object],Is the excision of the faucial tonsils. ,[object Object],Indication:,[object Object],	The faucial tonsils and nasopharyngeal tonsils are aggregates of lymphoid tissue in the posterior nasopharynx that hypertrophy secondary to infection.,[object Object]
Common Surgical Procedures
CHOLECYSTECTOMY,[object Object],Definition and Preparation,[object Object],surgical removal of the gallbladder,[object Object],Indication:,[object Object],	To treat chronic or acute cholecystitis, with or without cholelithiasis, to remove malignancy or to remove polyps.,[object Object]
MASTECTOMY,[object Object],Definition and Preparation,[object Object],[object Object]
evaluate health and ensure that patient is fit for the surgery
patient must submit to laboratory tests; routine blood workshop, urinalysis, ECG
if patient is taking medication, the surgeon and anesthesiologist should be informed
patient should be NPO after midnight on the night prior to surgery
Showering with an anti-bacterial soap the night before surgery may be required of the patient
consent form should be signed by the patient,[object Object]
Common Surgical Procedures
THYROIDECTOMY,[object Object],Definition,[object Object],	Removal of all or a portion of the thyroid gland.,[object Object],Indication,[object Object],	Thyroid lobectomy is done to treat some thyroid nodules and carcinomas. Total thyroidectomy is indicated for certain carcinomas and to relieve tracheal or esophageal compression,[object Object], ,[object Object]
TOTAL ABDOMINAL HYSTERECTOMY AND BILATERAL SALPINGO OOPHERECTOMY (TAHBSO),[object Object],Definition:,[object Object],	The removal of the entire uterus, fallopian tubes and the corresponding ovaries through an abdominal incision.,[object Object],Indication:,[object Object],	Some indications for TAHBSO are endometriosis, postmenopausal bleeding, dysfunctional uterine bleeding, cysts, hemorrhage ( tubal pregnancy) and benign and malignant tumors.,[object Object]
HYDROCELECTOMY,[object Object],Definition:,[object Object],	Excision of portion of tunica vaginalis testis with evacuation of fluid contained therein.,[object Object],Indication:,[object Object],	A hydrocele is an accumulation of serous fluid around the testis within the tunica vaginalis resulting from trauma or infection or occuring spontaneously.,[object Object]
Common Surgical Procedures
CYSTOSCOPY,[object Object],Definition:,[object Object],    Endoscopic examination of the interior of the urethra, the bladder, and urethral orifices.,[object Object],Indication:,[object Object],Cystoscopy is indicated for diagnosis of urinary tract symptoms (e.g. hematuria, pyuria), to catheterize the ureters, to obtain biopsy specimen, to treat lesions, and for follow up examination of an operative or endoscopic procedure.,[object Object]
Common Surgical Procedures
NEPHRECTOMY,[object Object],Definition:,[object Object],	Removal of a kidney,[object Object],Indication:,[object Object],	This procedure is performed for numerous conditions including hydronephrosis, pyelonephritis, renal atrophy, renal artery stenosis, trauma, and tumors of the kidney and ureter.,[object Object]
Common Surgical Procedures
PULMONARY LOBECTOMY,[object Object],Definition:,[object Object],Excision of one or more lobe of the lung.,[object Object],Indication:,[object Object],	The diseased lobe is identified. Usually performed when the lesion is limited to the lobe.,[object Object]
PNEUMONECTOMY,[object Object],Definition:,[object Object],Removal of the Lung.,[object Object],Indication:,[object Object],	The chief indication for pneumonectomy is bronchogenic carcinoma; among other indications are extensive unilateral tuberculosis, some benign tumors, bronchiectasis, and multiple lung abscesses. ,[object Object]
CARDIAC PROCEDURES,[object Object],Definition:,[object Object],	Involves the correction of congenital anomalies, acquired diseases of the heart, pericardium, and great vessels   ( including repair and replacement of diseased valves, resection of aneurysm, pericardiectomy, pulmonary embolectomy and replacement of the great vessels),[object Object]
Common Surgical Procedures
Aortic valve replacement: Involves the excision and replacement of the diseased aortic valve.,[object Object],Mitral valve replacement: Involves the excision and replacement of the diseased mitral valve.,[object Object],Coronary artery bypass: Refers to the grafting of the internal mammary artery or segments of autologoussaphenous vein to bypass coronary artery obstruction.,[object Object],Cardiopulmonary Bypass: Is a technique by which the patient’s blood is diverted, oxygenated, and reperfused. ,[object Object],Intra-aortic balloon catheter: The purpose of this is to increase coronary artery blood flow and to assist peripheral perfusion.,[object Object]
INTRA AORTIC BALLON,[object Object]
CARDIOPULMONARY BYPASS ,[object Object]
TOTAL HIP REPLACEMENT,[object Object],Definition:,[object Object],	Substitution of the femoral head with prosthesis and the reconstruction of the acetabulum with the placement of an acetabular cup or metal.,[object Object],Indication:,[object Object],	 Disorders  of the hip joint for which this procedure may be indicated are rheumatoid arthritis, degenerative disease and hip fracture.,[object Object]
Common Surgical Procedures
HEMICOLECTOMY,[object Object],Definition:,[object Object],	Resection of the colon( a portion of the transverse colon, ascending colon, and cecum),[object Object],Indication:,[object Object],	Tumors, bleeding, inflammation, or trauma and obstruction.,[object Object]
DERMABRASION,[object Object],Definition:,[object Object],Sanding of the skin to smooth scars and surface irregularities.,[object Object],Indication:,[object Object],This procedure removes or minimizes scars (e.g. from acne vulgaris and chicken pox). Dermabrasion may also employed to remove tatoos. Fine wrinkling around the mouth can be temporarily improved with dermabrasion. ,[object Object]
AUGMENTATION MAMMOPLASTY,[object Object],Definition:,[object Object],	Implantation of breast prostheses for the purpose of enlarging the breast.,[object Object],Indication:,[object Object],	This procedure is performed for micromastia, postpartum involution of the breast, and post surgical deformity. The silicon rubber prostheses can be filled with gel, inflatable, or filled with gel or saline.,[object Object]

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