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C3applicatorsafety And Poisoning
1. Applicator Safety
Pesticide Applicator Exam
Preparation Classes
Laura Pottorff, CSU Adams County
2. The Dangers of Pesticides
Pesticides are
poisons
have a wide safety margin when used properly
There is no reason for pesticide misuse
labels
MSDS
Cooperative Extension
EPA, USDA
etc
3. Pesticide Selection
The pesticide you choose
should be effective against the pest
should have as little hazard to yourself as
possible
should have as little hazard to the environment
as possible
4. Pesticide Selection
Select the safest pesticide formulation
whenever there is a choice
Granular formulations are safer than sprays or
dusts because they drift less.
EC pesticides with a petroleum-type carrier are
generally more hazardous than water soluble
ones
• they penetrate the skin more rapidly and are more
difficult to wash off.
5. Pesticide Hazard
HAZARD = Exposure x Pesticide Toxicity
Pesticides vary in their toxicity (harm) to
humans, depending on:
dose
timing of exposure
route of exposure
characteristics of the exposed person
6. Dose
Dose is the amount of pesticides actually
absorbed into the body
As the amount of pesticide absorbed
increases
the probability of an adverse effect increases
the number of adverse effects increases
the seriousness of adverse effects increases
7. Dose
Example: Malathion insecticide
very small amount absorbed
• no effect
more absorbed
• dizziness, nausea
greater and greater amounts absorbed
• visual problems, tingling of hands and feet
• abdominal cramps, diarrhea
• muscle paralysis, breathing difficulties
8. Timing of Exposure
Acute toxicity
a single exposure
short term
Chronic toxicity
repeated exposures
long term
Both can be life threatening
9. Pesticide exposure
Routes of exposure
dermal
• absorption through the skin or eyes
respiratory
• inhalation through the lungs
oral
• ingestion by mouth
10. Sources of Dermal Exposure
Lack or protective Avoid by
clothing use protective clothing
launder clothing often
Using contaminated
clothing, gloves, or keep safety equipment
clean and in working
shoes
order
wash hands before
using the bathroom
11. Sources of Respiratory Exposure
Failure to use proper Avoid by
respirator or gas mask always use proper
safety equipment
respirator or gas mask
assure proper fit and
fits improperly or is in
function of safety
poor condition.
equipment
routinely replace old or
used canisters
12. Sources of Oral Exposure
Eating or smoking Avoid by
with contaminated always wash hands
hands before eating or
smoking
storing lunch, snacks,
store pesticides
and beverages near
separately from any
pesticides edibles
always store pesticides
in labeled containers
13. Pesticide Poisonings
Based on a 1992 EPA study
47% of households with children under 5 years
of age had pesticides stored within easy reach
of children (within 4 feet of floor)
75% of households with NO children under 5
years of age had pesticides stored within easy
reach.
14. Pesticides Poisonings
35,000 accidental pesticide poisonings
reported annually of children under 6 years
of age.
There are 1,369,000 people treated for all
types of poisonings annually in U.S. (data from
the National Captial Poison Control Center, Georgetown Univ.) only
4% are from pesticides.
16. Organophosphate Poisoning
Mild
fatigue, headache, dizziness, blurred vision,
excessive sweating and salivation, stomach
cramps
Moderate
inability to walk, weakness, chest discomfort,
muscle twitches, constriction or the pupils,
increasing severity of earlier symptoms
17. Organophosphate (OP) Poisoning
Severe
unconsciousness, severe, constriction of the
eyes, muscle twitches, secretions from the
mouth, breathing difficulty and death.
Examples: Acephate (Orthene), Malathion
and Diazinon
18. Carbamate Poisoning
Similar to OP (both inhibit
acetylcholinesterase)
Usually result after a short exposure, but
can be reversed faster than OP poisonings.
Treated with atropine
Examples: Sevin, Mesurol, Dycarb
19. Chlorinated Hydrocarbon
Poisoning
Mild
Headache, nausea, vomiting, general
discomfort, dizziness
Moderate
unusually excited, irritable
Severe
Convulsions, Coma
Examples: DDT, Methoxyclor
22. Other symptoms of pesticide
poisoning
Inhalation hazards: results in general
poisoning, lung tissue damage, or irritation
or allergic reaction of respiratory system.
Insecticides: Pyrethrum, Pyrethroids
Fungicides: Mancozeb, Maneb, Thiram, Zineb,
Daconil
Bactericide: Streptomycin
23. In case of poisoning contact:
Rocky Mt Poison Control Center
Denver area: 303-629-1123
Outside Denver: 1-800-332-3072