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Applicator Safety
       Pesticide Applicator Exam
          Preparation Classes
   Laura Pottorff, CSU Adams County
The Dangers of Pesticides
 Pesticides are
   poisons
   have a wide safety margin when used properly
 There is no reason for pesticide misuse
   labels
   MSDS
   Cooperative Extension
   EPA, USDA
   etc
Pesticide Selection
 The pesticide you choose
   should be effective against the pest
   should have as little hazard to yourself as
   possible
   should have as little hazard to the environment
   as possible
Pesticide Selection
 Select the safest pesticide formulation
 whenever there is a choice
   Granular formulations are safer than sprays or
   dusts because they drift less.
   EC pesticides with a petroleum-type carrier are
   generally more hazardous than water soluble
   ones
    • they penetrate the skin more rapidly and are more
      difficult to wash off.
Pesticide Hazard
 HAZARD = Exposure x Pesticide Toxicity
 Pesticides vary in their toxicity (harm) to
 humans, depending on:
   dose
   timing of exposure
   route of exposure
   characteristics of the exposed person
Dose
 Dose is the amount of pesticides actually
 absorbed into the body
 As the amount of pesticide absorbed
 increases
   the probability of an adverse effect increases
   the number of adverse effects increases
   the seriousness of adverse effects increases
Dose
 Example: Malathion insecticide
   very small amount absorbed
    • no effect
   more absorbed
    • dizziness, nausea
   greater and greater amounts absorbed
    • visual problems, tingling of hands and feet
    • abdominal cramps, diarrhea
    • muscle paralysis, breathing difficulties
Timing of Exposure
 Acute toxicity
   a single exposure
   short term
 Chronic toxicity
   repeated exposures
   long term
 Both can be life threatening
Pesticide exposure
 Routes of exposure
   dermal
    • absorption through the skin or eyes
   respiratory
    • inhalation through the lungs
   oral
    • ingestion by mouth
Sources of Dermal Exposure
 Lack or protective     Avoid by
 clothing                 use protective clothing
                          launder clothing often
 Using contaminated
 clothing, gloves, or     keep safety equipment
                          clean and in working
 shoes
                          order
                          wash hands before
                          using the bathroom
Sources of Respiratory Exposure
 Failure to use proper      Avoid by
 respirator or gas mask       always use proper
                              safety equipment
 respirator or gas mask
                              assure proper fit and
 fits improperly or is in
                              function of safety
 poor condition.
                              equipment
                              routinely replace old or
                              used canisters
Sources of Oral Exposure
 Eating or smoking        Avoid by
 with contaminated          always wash hands
 hands                      before eating or
                            smoking
 storing lunch, snacks,
                            store pesticides
 and beverages near
                            separately from any
 pesticides                 edibles
                            always store pesticides
                            in labeled containers
Pesticide Poisonings
 Based on a 1992 EPA study
   47% of households with children under 5 years
   of age had pesticides stored within easy reach
   of children (within 4 feet of floor)
   75% of households with NO children under 5
   years of age had pesticides stored within easy
   reach.
Pesticides Poisonings
 35,000 accidental pesticide poisonings
 reported annually of children under 6 years
 of age.
 There are 1,369,000 people treated for all
 types of poisonings annually in U.S. (data from
 the National Captial Poison Control Center, Georgetown Univ.) only

 4% are from pesticides.
Pesticide Poisoning
 Symptoms, severity, and onset from
 exposure vary greatly with the product or
 chemical family.
Organophosphate Poisoning
 Mild
   fatigue, headache, dizziness, blurred vision,
   excessive sweating and salivation, stomach
   cramps
 Moderate
   inability to walk, weakness, chest discomfort,
   muscle twitches, constriction or the pupils,
   increasing severity of earlier symptoms
Organophosphate (OP) Poisoning
 Severe
   unconsciousness, severe, constriction of the
   eyes, muscle twitches, secretions from the
   mouth, breathing difficulty and death.
 Examples: Acephate (Orthene), Malathion
 and Diazinon
Carbamate Poisoning
 Similar to OP (both inhibit
 acetylcholinesterase)
 Usually result after a short exposure, but
 can be reversed faster than OP poisonings.
 Treated with atropine
 Examples: Sevin, Mesurol, Dycarb
Chlorinated Hydrocarbon
Poisoning
 Mild
   Headache, nausea, vomiting, general
   discomfort, dizziness
 Moderate
   unusually excited, irritable
 Severe
   Convulsions, Coma
 Examples: DDT, Methoxyclor
Other pesticide poisoning
symptoms
 Skin irritation (contact dermatitis and
 allergic contact dermatitis)
   Insecticides : Oils, Pyrethrum, Rotenone
   Fungicides: Captan, Daconil, Mancozeb,
   Maneb, Sulfure, Thiram, Zineb
   Bactericide: Streptomycin
Other symptoms of pesticide
poisoning
 Eye Hazards
   Insecticides: Neem, BT, Diatomaceous Earth,
   Oils, Pyrethrins, Sulfur
   Fungicides: Coppers, Bordeaux, Daconil,
   Sulfur
Other symptoms of pesticide
poisoning
 Inhalation hazards: results in general
 poisoning, lung tissue damage, or irritation
 or allergic reaction of respiratory system.
   Insecticides: Pyrethrum, Pyrethroids
   Fungicides: Mancozeb, Maneb, Thiram, Zineb,
   Daconil
   Bactericide: Streptomycin
In case of poisoning contact:
 Rocky Mt Poison Control Center
   Denver area: 303-629-1123
   Outside Denver: 1-800-332-3072

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C3applicatorsafety And Poisoning

  • 1. Applicator Safety Pesticide Applicator Exam Preparation Classes Laura Pottorff, CSU Adams County
  • 2. The Dangers of Pesticides Pesticides are poisons have a wide safety margin when used properly There is no reason for pesticide misuse labels MSDS Cooperative Extension EPA, USDA etc
  • 3. Pesticide Selection The pesticide you choose should be effective against the pest should have as little hazard to yourself as possible should have as little hazard to the environment as possible
  • 4. Pesticide Selection Select the safest pesticide formulation whenever there is a choice Granular formulations are safer than sprays or dusts because they drift less. EC pesticides with a petroleum-type carrier are generally more hazardous than water soluble ones • they penetrate the skin more rapidly and are more difficult to wash off.
  • 5. Pesticide Hazard HAZARD = Exposure x Pesticide Toxicity Pesticides vary in their toxicity (harm) to humans, depending on: dose timing of exposure route of exposure characteristics of the exposed person
  • 6. Dose Dose is the amount of pesticides actually absorbed into the body As the amount of pesticide absorbed increases the probability of an adverse effect increases the number of adverse effects increases the seriousness of adverse effects increases
  • 7. Dose Example: Malathion insecticide very small amount absorbed • no effect more absorbed • dizziness, nausea greater and greater amounts absorbed • visual problems, tingling of hands and feet • abdominal cramps, diarrhea • muscle paralysis, breathing difficulties
  • 8. Timing of Exposure Acute toxicity a single exposure short term Chronic toxicity repeated exposures long term Both can be life threatening
  • 9. Pesticide exposure Routes of exposure dermal • absorption through the skin or eyes respiratory • inhalation through the lungs oral • ingestion by mouth
  • 10. Sources of Dermal Exposure Lack or protective Avoid by clothing use protective clothing launder clothing often Using contaminated clothing, gloves, or keep safety equipment clean and in working shoes order wash hands before using the bathroom
  • 11. Sources of Respiratory Exposure Failure to use proper Avoid by respirator or gas mask always use proper safety equipment respirator or gas mask assure proper fit and fits improperly or is in function of safety poor condition. equipment routinely replace old or used canisters
  • 12. Sources of Oral Exposure Eating or smoking Avoid by with contaminated always wash hands hands before eating or smoking storing lunch, snacks, store pesticides and beverages near separately from any pesticides edibles always store pesticides in labeled containers
  • 13. Pesticide Poisonings Based on a 1992 EPA study 47% of households with children under 5 years of age had pesticides stored within easy reach of children (within 4 feet of floor) 75% of households with NO children under 5 years of age had pesticides stored within easy reach.
  • 14. Pesticides Poisonings 35,000 accidental pesticide poisonings reported annually of children under 6 years of age. There are 1,369,000 people treated for all types of poisonings annually in U.S. (data from the National Captial Poison Control Center, Georgetown Univ.) only 4% are from pesticides.
  • 15. Pesticide Poisoning Symptoms, severity, and onset from exposure vary greatly with the product or chemical family.
  • 16. Organophosphate Poisoning Mild fatigue, headache, dizziness, blurred vision, excessive sweating and salivation, stomach cramps Moderate inability to walk, weakness, chest discomfort, muscle twitches, constriction or the pupils, increasing severity of earlier symptoms
  • 17. Organophosphate (OP) Poisoning Severe unconsciousness, severe, constriction of the eyes, muscle twitches, secretions from the mouth, breathing difficulty and death. Examples: Acephate (Orthene), Malathion and Diazinon
  • 18. Carbamate Poisoning Similar to OP (both inhibit acetylcholinesterase) Usually result after a short exposure, but can be reversed faster than OP poisonings. Treated with atropine Examples: Sevin, Mesurol, Dycarb
  • 19. Chlorinated Hydrocarbon Poisoning Mild Headache, nausea, vomiting, general discomfort, dizziness Moderate unusually excited, irritable Severe Convulsions, Coma Examples: DDT, Methoxyclor
  • 20. Other pesticide poisoning symptoms Skin irritation (contact dermatitis and allergic contact dermatitis) Insecticides : Oils, Pyrethrum, Rotenone Fungicides: Captan, Daconil, Mancozeb, Maneb, Sulfure, Thiram, Zineb Bactericide: Streptomycin
  • 21. Other symptoms of pesticide poisoning Eye Hazards Insecticides: Neem, BT, Diatomaceous Earth, Oils, Pyrethrins, Sulfur Fungicides: Coppers, Bordeaux, Daconil, Sulfur
  • 22. Other symptoms of pesticide poisoning Inhalation hazards: results in general poisoning, lung tissue damage, or irritation or allergic reaction of respiratory system. Insecticides: Pyrethrum, Pyrethroids Fungicides: Mancozeb, Maneb, Thiram, Zineb, Daconil Bactericide: Streptomycin
  • 23. In case of poisoning contact: Rocky Mt Poison Control Center Denver area: 303-629-1123 Outside Denver: 1-800-332-3072