Five reflections about users and five reflections about uses : theory, typology and digital environment.
5 réflexions sur les usagers et 5 réflexions sur les usages qui portent entre autres sur les fondements théoriques, les typologies, les études d’usagers et l’influence du numérique.
Labelling Requirements and Label Claims for Dietary Supplements and Recommend...
Dix réflexions sur l’étude des utilisateurs et des usages des archives
1. Simon Côté-Lapointe, candidat au doctorat
École de bibliothéconomie et des sciences de l’information de l’Université de Montréal, EBSI
Avec l'appui financier du Fonds de recherche du Québec – Société et culture (FRQSC) et de la
la Fondation de BAnQ grâce à son Programme de soutien à la recherche
Présentation dans le cadre du 10e Symposium EBSI-SIS
Vendredi le 24 février 2017, Université de Montréal
Dix réflexions sur l’étude des
utilisateurs et des usages des archives /
Ten reflections about the study of users
and uses of archives
2. Presentation plan
2
1. Context and method
2. Five reflections about users
3. Five reflections about uses
4. Conclusion
Introduction
S. Côté-Lapointe – Ten reflections about the study of users and uses of archives – 10e Symposium EBSI-SIS – 2017
3. 3
Introduction
Context and method
Context
• Doctoral project
• Litterature review on uses and users of archives
Corpus analyzed
• Theoretical and empirical texts in archival science
• Europe and Northern America
• More than 40 texts summarized (english and french)
S. Côté-Lapointe – Ten reflections about the study of users and uses of archives – 10e Symposium EBSI-SIS – 2017
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1. User needs About users
S. Côté-Lapointe – Ten reflections about the study of users and uses of archives – 10e Symposium EBSI-SIS – 2017
«Need» is a vague and little studied aspect in archival
science
• Synonyms : expectations, intention, reasons, intended
use, requests, etc.
• Different analysis levels of the phenomenon
• No shared theoretical basis in user studies
• Archival users and use have received considerably less
attention than in LIS
6. S. Côté-Lapointe – Ten reflections about the study of users and uses of archives – 10e Symposium EBSI-SIS – 2017 6
2. The digital user About users
The digital environment modify the mediation between archives,
users and institutions
« Archives are becoming more aware that the demographics of users, especially in
online environment, is changing, no longer consisting primarily or exclusively of
researchers, but increasingly containing non-researchers [...] who search, browse,
or simply look around according to their personal or everyday-life information
needs (Pugh, 2005; Huvila, 2008; Adams, 2007). […] researchers also are beginning
to have non-traditional expectations of the archives, probably due to their overall
experiences with online databases, digital libraries, etc. » (Vilar et Šauperl, 2015,
p.553)
Impact on theorical and empirical perspectives on users.
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3. User studies
We study more the user’s expectations in relation to a
specific system or interface than the actual needs
Problematic because :
• Different practices whitin the archival community
• Different contents, kinds and types of archives
• Different interfaces
• Fast and constant evolution of digital dissemination means
• Contextual and technological bias
About users
S. Côté-Lapointe – Ten reflections about the study of users and uses of archives – 10e Symposium EBSI-SIS – 2017
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4. Actual users / Potential users
We study more the needs of those who already use
archives (traditionnal users) than the needs of potential
users
About users
S. Côté-Lapointe – Ten reflections about the study of users and uses of archives – 10e Symposium EBSI-SIS – 2017
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5. User typologies
User typologies reflect a vision centered around the
archives rather than the characteristics of users and their
practical uses of archives
Typologies
• Traditionnal / non traditionnal users
• Intern / extern users
• Primary / secondary / passive users
• Records / archives users
• Direct / indirect users
• Vocational / avocational (or lay users)
• Experts / novice users
About users
S. Côté-Lapointe – Ten reflections about the study of users and uses of archives – 10e Symposium EBSI-SIS – 2017
11. • Global dissemination
• Facilitate handling et
reuse
• Expansion of uses
11
6. Digital chain of use About uses
The chain of use have change in the digital environment
• More access
• More visibility
• More dissemination means
• More digitized documents
• More types of documents (audio,
video, etc.)
• Less mediation with institutions and
archivists
• Web 2.0 & 3.0
S. Côté-Lapointe – Ten reflections about the study of users and uses of archives – 10e Symposium EBSI-SIS – 2017
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7. Theoretical basis of use
There is a lack of theorical basis of archives uses
«Use» is vague concept. Synonyms : purpose, function,
utilization, usage, action, activity, task, etc.
About uses
THEORIES & MODELS CHARACTERISTICS
Théorie des trois âges
(Schellenberg, 1956)
Uses based on life cycle of documents and values of archives
Market segmentation
(Yeo, 2005)
2 axis : purpose of use / values sought
Activity theory
(Wilson, 2006)
3 levels for analysing usage : Activity, action, operations
Exploitation of archives
(Lemay & Klein, 2014)
Fifth dimension of the records continuum.
Highlight on conditions of use.
4 axis : activity, finality, materiality, temporality.
S. Côté-Lapointe – Ten reflections about the study of users and uses of archives – 10e Symposium EBSI-SIS – 2017
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8. Typologies of uses
Typologies of uses reflect a vision centered around the
archives and the traditionnal types of users rather than the
practical uses of archives
About uses
Typologies
• Explicit or implicit uses
• Direct or indirect uses
• Uses based on user type
• Primary or secondary uses / Uses based on archival value,
function or purpose
• Uses by disciplines or sectors
• Uses by dissemination means
S. Côté-Lapointe – Ten reflections about the study of users and uses of archives – 10e Symposium EBSI-SIS – 2017
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9. Study of uses
There’s a lack of study on uses of archives.
• « [...] less is known about what users do with records when they
consult them. » (Yeo, 2005, p.42)
• « Use is hardly discussed at all, while users have gained some
attention since the 1980s. The literature provides a somewhat
abstract view of use and users, not explicitly grounded in
theoretical reasoning or empirical studies. » (Sundqvist, 2007,
p.647)
About uses
S. Côté-Lapointe – Ten reflections about the study of users and uses of archives – 10e Symposium EBSI-SIS – 2017
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10. Kinds and types of archives
We must take account of the kinds and types of archival
documents in the study of uses
• Multiple kinds and types of documents in archives leads to
multiple uses
• Lack of study about uses linked to medium and content
types
« More research is needed to determine whether new content is
leading to new uses of archives. » (McCausland, 2011, p.316)
About uses
S. Côté-Lapointe – Ten reflections about the study of users and uses of archives – 10e Symposium EBSI-SIS – 2017
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What to do next ? Conclusion
S. Côté-Lapointe – Ten reflections about the study of users and uses of archives – 10e Symposium EBSI-SIS – 2017
Propose a new model to study the uses of archives
Avenues for further research :
• Exploitation of archives
• Sociologie des usages (sociology of uses)
• Activity theory
• Archival principles, values and functions of archives
• Kinds and types of archives (medium and content)
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S. Côté-Lapointe – Ten reflections about the study of users and uses of archives – 10e Symposium EBSI-SIS – 2017