3. WEB TECHNOLOGIES.pptx B.Pharm sem 2 CAP

- V E D I K A N A R V E K A R
M . P H A R M

Web technology- The mechanism of communication between various computers through different
languages and multimedia packages.
Examples of web technologies include:
1) Mark-up languages like HTML, XML, HTTP
2) Programming languages and technologies like Java, Visual Basic and Dot Net.
3) Web servers and server technologies that assist in sharing common network for worldwide
communication.
4) Databases which are used to store information on the computer network.
Thus, web technology helps in providing common platform for effective communication among
different users and different devices which are connected through a computer network.

Use of Internet
 Email
 Social Networking
 Information sharing
 Entertainment
 Online jobs
 Virtual classrooms

HTML
Hyper Text Mark-up (HTML) acts as a foundation to hold every website. It is an open language
which is easy to learn and works on tag system. In this, each tag affects the content that has been
placed in that particular tag. HTML tags label various pieces of content as heading, paragraph,
table etc.
Any HTML program can be written in simple Notepad. The extension to this program should be
.html

 HTML is a mark-up language that works on markup tags.
 HTML tags are surrounded by elements surrounded by angle brackets.
 Tags come in pairs,
1st tag – Start tag eg. <html>
2nd tag –End tag eg. </html>
 Use of slash (/) in the angular bracket indicates end of particular tag.
 HTML program has two parts: head and body.
Head acts as a header of the file and contains some information like setting the title of web page.
Body contains the contents that are displayed on the web page.

XML
• XML refers to Extensive Markup Language. It is similar to HTML ( also contains tags).
• These tags are not predefined, and the user can define his own tags.
• Thus HTML is designed for representation of data (display) on web page whereas XML is
designed for transport or to store data.
• HTML tags have different meaning and browser knows what it is.
• XML tags are different for different for different applications and user know what it means.
Uses:
1. It is used to display the content of the document.
2. Useful in exchanging data between the applications
3. The data can be extracted from database and can be used in more than 1 application.

Difference between HTML and XML

Tags in XML
Tags in XML language can be expressed as below:
 Start tag as <section>
 End tag as </section>
 Empty element tag as < line- break/>
Example:

CSS
CSS refers to Cascading Style Sheets. These sheets describe how HTML elements will be
displayed on the screen.
CSS can be defined as a design language which is used to make web pages more presentable.
Various elements such as text, font and color are used in CSS which helps to bring the styles in the
web document.
Uses: It can be used to design various styles for different web pages. It is used to control the
following elements.
 Text color
 Font style
 Spacing between paragraphs
 Layout and size of column
 Background images, colors
 Layout design & Other effects

Advantages of CSS
 These sheets save a lot of time and work as they can control layout of multiple web pages.
 Helps load web pages faster
 It is easy to maintain. If you change the style, all other elements will be updated automatically.
 CSS provides superior styles compared to simple HTML

PROGRAMMING LANGUAGE
 Programming language refers to set of instructions that are provided to the computer to
describe computations and generate executable programs.
 Every programming language has words, symbols & grammatical rules known as “Syntax
rules”
 It provides a way of telling the computer what operations are to be performed.
 Also it lays down rules for communicating an algorithm

Characteristics of programming languages
1. This language is independent of computer system. i.e. instead of being machine oriented it
should be more oriented towards the given problem to be solved.
2. Each instruction of programming language should get converted into machine language
instruction.
3. This language should be easy to understand and should use abbreviations and words that are
used in everyday communication.
4. Language should be written using common words and mathematical symbols.

Types of programming language
1. First generation programming language
2. Second generation programming language
3. Third generation programming language
4. Fourth generation programming language
5. Fifth generation programming language

First generation: it is machine dependent language that can be understood by the computer and is
mostly used for addition and subtraction.
Merits
- As machine language are written in binary language it makes fast and efficient use of computer.
- It doesn’t require translator to translate the code.
Demerit
- Difficult to understand instructions and to find errors in the program.
Second generation: these are known as assembly languages . Assembly language is the human
readable notation for machine language which are used to control computer operations.
Merits
- Easier to understand compared to machine language
- Code can be easily modified.
- Easy to correct errors.
Demerits
- Language is machine dependent & the programmer needs to understand the hardware
- Assembler is required to translate the code from assembly language to machine language.

Third generation: this language uses a series of English–like words which are used by humans to
write instructions. These are called as high level programming language which are complex but
easy to read, understand and maintain.
Eg : VB, C, C++
Merits
- Instructions are similar to English vocabulary, hence easily understood & easy to learn.
- Program can be translated into many machine languages and can run on any computer which is
having an appropriate translator.
- This language is independent of the machine on which it is used.
Demerits
- During execution each time interpreter needs to translate high level language into machine code.
- Object code generated is insufficient as compared to equivalent assembly language.

Fourth generation: these languages require lesser instructions to complete a particular task. They
are used with databases in Form Designers and Report Generators. These languages are easy to use.
Eg. SQL, Focus, Foxpro, Power Builder.
Merits
- Easy to understand and learn
- Application can be created in less time
- Less prone to errors
- Automation tool can be used for developing the tasks.
Demerits
- Consume lot of memory space
- Languages are less flexible.
- They have poor control over hardware and hence tend to use less machine resource.

WEB SERVERS AND SERVER
PRODUCTS
Web server is a computer program that provides requested files to users via HTTP and distributes
information on worldwide web.
Major function of web server: to store & process required information and provide web pages to
its clients.
Whole process of communication between the client and the server takes place through Hypertext
Transfer Protocol (HTTP). Delivered pages are mostly in HTML format.
Web server is were Web Pages are stored on a special server

A web server is always connected to the internet and has unique address with a series of four
numbers between 0 and 255. The unique address is known as IP address of the computer.
There are different types of web servers available in the internet world. Web hosting companies
select any web server based on their clients requirements.
Out of these Apache is the most popular web server in the world that can be installed on almost all
Operating systems.

Working of web server
1. Whenever a client makes a request for some servlet he uses the web browser in which request
is written as a URL.
2. The web browser then sends this request to web server. The web server first finds out the
requested servlet.
3. The obtained servlet gathers the relevant information in order to satisfy the client’s request &
builds up a web page.
4. This web page is then displayed to the client & thus the client gets the required information
from the web.

Difference between web browser & web server
Functions of web server
• Accepts the request from the web browser
• User request is processed by the web server
• The web server respond to the users by providing the services which they demand over the web
browser
• The web servers serve the web based applications
Web browser Web server
Used by user to make request for
displaying the web page. This request
is made to the web server
Web servers are used for processing
the requests made by user for
particular web page
Web servers work at the front end in
client-server communication
Web servers work at the back end in
client-server communication
Egs: Internet Explorer, Mozilla
Firefox, Google Chrome
Egs: IIS, Apache

INTRODUCTION TO DATABASES
Database
Database refers to a systemic & structured collection of data. The data can be stored in the form of
tables, charts, reports & queries and is usually stored on disk and can be accessed by many users
at a time.
Eg. Printed catalogues, brochures, telephone directories etc.
Databases managed by: Database Management System (DBMS)
DBMS: computer application including set of programs used to manage & store data in a set
format.
DBMS is responsible for access of data, update data, security, back up, recovery etc.
Well known DBMS software are: MS – ACCESS, MySQL, Microsoft SQL Server, Oracle, SAP
HANA and so on.

Functions of DBMS-
 Manage database structure
 Controls access to data
Characteristics of DBMS:
1. Consistency: Its provide greater consistency to forms of data storage.
2. Support for query language: DBMS is equipped with query language which makes it more
efficient to retrieve & manipulate the data.
3. Multiuser environment: Allows to access and manipulate data in parallel without creating
conflicts
4. Security: It allows different levels of security features to data.

Applications of DBMS
 Railway Ticket Reservation- It has become easier to keep a track of ticket booking, availability
of seats, train arrival, departure etc.
 Banking- Banks can track every transaction related to any account. Banking has become easier
can nowadays money cant be sent & received online.
 Online courses & examination- Various Universities & colleges can provide online training &
can also conduct exams at various centers at the same time.
 Social media- people can connect to each other while sitting at home. They can share their
views and post their comments.
 Online shopping- People are getting more attracted towards online shopping since it is much
easier and faster.

MySQL
MySQL is a multi user DBMS. It was started in 1994 by a Swedish company.
SQL refers to Structured Query Language. It is an open source relational database management
system that comes in 2 versions.
MySQL -------Server system
MySQL--------Embedded system
MySQL is written in C & C++ languages and is used in websites like Google, Facebook, Twitter,
YouTube etc.
This server provides multi user access to large number of databases & is fast, reliable and easy to
use server.
Benefits:
• Easy to use
• It’s secure
• It’s inexpensive

MS ACCESS
MS ACCESS is a Microsoft Office software package, used for creating a database. It is a member
of MS Office suite of applications which contain s programs like Word, PowerPoint, Excel etc.
Features of MS ACCESS
1. It is robust and flexible. It can do almost any kind of office or industrial work.
2. It is simple to use
3. Very affordable compared to other database packages
4. Can be easily customized to cater the needs of every individual
5. Multiple tables can be linked together
Limitations
1. It has size limits
2. MS ACCESS relies on portable database file to store data, hence its prone to damage or can
corrupt easily

Components of MS ACCESS
1. Table: It stores data in row and table format.
2. Queries: They can be used to sort, calculate, group, filter, sort & delete data as per
requirement.
3. Forms: They act as an interface for the users to enter data in database.
4. Reports: They refer to the results generated after entering data into database.
5. Modules: This is the basis of programming language that supports MS ACCESS.
Uses:
 Data Management
 Display complex queries & data subsets
 Database management for multiple users
 Generate reports for data summarization

Pharmacy Drug Database
Pharmacy drug database refers to collection and compilation of data related to various drugs that
can be used by physicians and other healthcare professionals to ensure provision of best
pharmaceutical services to the patient.
Examples of Pharmacy Drug Database-
DynaMed- It is a reference tool created by physicians that contains clinically organized summaries
that can be used by other physicians & healthcare professionals.
Essential Evidence Plus- It is an evidence based clinical research database with access to
information on different pharmaceutical topics, guidelines, abstracts and summaries.
Drugs@FDA- It refers to catalog of FDA approved drugs including both prescription and OTC
drugs.
LactMed- It is a peer- reviewed and referenced database of drugs which are considered safe for
lactating mothers.

Purpose of Pharmacy Drug Database:
It is created in order to maintain effective & clear data saving network which can be assessed by
any healthcare professional at the time of need.
It reduces time & effort and ensures availability of best available treatment in a given situation.
The stock information about the drugs can be maintained up to date.
As complete information is searched, various drug interactions, side effects, contraindications,
dosages etc. can be reviewed.
Helps to improve the quality and quantity of drug usages at appropriate time and place
Hence, life expectancy has increased and people have started living quality life.

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