This tutorial looks at energy consumption in the mobile networks, especially 4G and 5G and looks at various ways in which the vendors and standards are working on to reduce the power consumption. At a high level, there are three layers of optimisation: Network level, Site level and Equipment level. This presentation looks at some of the ways the optimisation is achieved. There is a long list of references available for anyone interested in researching this topic further. All our #3G4G5G slides and videos are available at: Videos: https://www.youtube.com/3G4G5G Slides: https://www.slideshare.net/3G4GLtd 5G Page: https://www.3g4g.co.uk/5G/ Free Training Videos: https://www.3g4g.co.uk/Training/

1. Beginners:
Energy Consumption in
Mobile Networks
RAN Power Saving Schemes
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Mtoe = million tonnes oil equivalent

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7. Ideal vs Real RAN Power Consumption
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Power
Consumption
Load
max
100%
0%
Static Part
Dynamic Part
Based on original from Huawei Presentation

8. Network
Level
SON
Energy
Optimization
Policies
AI / ML
Based
policies
Site
Level
Site co-
ordination
Carrier
switch-off
Equipment
Level
Energy
efficient
equipment
Three Layers of RAN Energy Savings
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9. RAN Energy Saving Trade-off
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S
T
D
Energy Saving Scenario
Based on original from Huawei Presentation
Energy Saving Time/Duration
Energy Saving Depth/Features

10. Multiple Generations with multiple carriers
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2G Macro
3G Macro
4G Macro layer 1
4G Macro layer 2
4G Macro layer 3
5G Capacity Layer
5G Coverage Layer
5G mmWave Layer

11. Enabling Energy Efficiency in 5G Network
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12. Symbol-Level Shutdown
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Frequency
Symbol
RF Power

13. Power consumption comparisons of different 5G NR operational
states in an Ericsson Radio product.
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Source: Ericsson

14. Intelligent scheduling
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15. References
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• Interdigital / ABI Research: Environmentally Sustainable 5G Deployment, Nov 2020 (link)
• GSMAi: 5G energy efficiencies: green is the new black, Nov 2020 (link)
• Huawei / Analysys Mason - Green 5G: Building a Sustainable World, August 2020 (link)
• European Scientific Journal: 5G Energy Efficiency Overview, Jan 2021 (link)
• Huawei/GSMA Webinar - Green 5G: Optimising RAN energy efficiency, Ray Williamson, July 2020 (link)
• Ericsson: 5G energy consumption: what’s the impact of 5G NR in real networks?, Oct 2021 (link)
• ZTE and China Unicom pilot 5G base station energy saving technologies, Aug 2020 (link)
• Orange Hello Future: 5G : energy efficiency “by design”, Feb 2020 (link)
• SCMP: 5G towers are consuming a lot of energy, so China Unicom is putting some of them to sleep overnight, Aug 2020
(link)
• Light Reading: Powering 5G cell sites may rack up big costs for operators, Feb 2020 (link)
• Telecom TV: Power consumption reduction “very much on the agenda,” says BT’s CTIO, Dec 2020 (link)
• Free 6G Training: 5G Limitations and Radical 6G Innovations, Jan 2021 (link)
• Light Reading: 5G Basestations Are Hungry, Hungry Hippos, June 2019 (link)
• The 3G4G Blog: Huawei's Power Digitalization 2025 Summit, Dec 2020 (link)
• Ericsson: Breaking the energy curve: how to roll out 5G without increasing energy consumption, Mar 2020 (link)
• ZTE Communications, Special Topic on Energy Consumption Challenges and Prospects on B5G Communication Systems,
March 2021, Vol. 19 No. 1 (link)

16. Thank You
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