I propose a national election process for Pakistan that is mediated through the blockchain. I use the case study of Pakistan's 2024 elections to highlight the advantages of blockchain technology.

1. Blockchain
Voting
Dr. Usman W. Chohan
Advisor, Economic Affairs
& National Development, CASS
1
Vote for the Future

2. PREVIOUS WORK ON BLOCKCHAINS
2

3. Was it a good
election?
YES
● The spirited
participation of the
people
● The largely secure
environment
● The confirmation of
people’s commitment
to a democratic
process
3
NO
● Who was happy with
the election?
● The election process
is so primitive.

4. 50 Billion Rupees
Cost factor
4

5. Costs
5
SECURITY
BUDGET
LOGISTICAL
ENVIRONMENTAL
TRANSPARENCY
50 BILLION RUPEES
300,000 TREES FELLED IN PAPER
90,000 POLLING STATIONS, FAR AWAY, HARD TO
REACH
PLASTIC BALLOT BOXES: BROKEN,
STOLEN, “REQUISITIONED”
600,000 SECURITY PERSONNEL

6. Structure
6
BACK END
FRONT END
● Download an app
● Enter your CNIC & Personal Details
● Click the Vote Icon you want
● Confirm the Vote (pic/text/OTP/QR-Code)
● Decentralized distributed ledger to
add voting data results onto
subsequent blocks across an
immutable digital chain,
● Protected through verification across
the nodes of the network.
● Blocks of data meshed across an
unwavering chain of decentralized
data attestation and retention

7. Benefits
7
NO MORE WAKING UP AT 7AM, DRIVING
+40KM, STANDING IN LINE. JUST VOTE AT
HOME.
GREATER EX-POST TRANSPARENCY BOOSTS
CONFIDENCE IN RESULTS
IMMEDIATE RESULTS, FOR PUBLIC VIEW
ACCURATE
LITERACY + ACCESS
WOMEN PARTICIPATION
OVERSEAS PAKISTANIS
REAL-TIME MONITORING
TRANSPARENCY
REDUCE COSTS
FASTER
COMBAT VOTER FRAUD
BOOST TURNOUT
UNTAMPERABLE, KEEP EXTRA-DEMOCRATIC
IMPULSES IN CHECK
BUILDING COSTS: 100 TIMES LESS THAN 50 BILLION
RS. BUDGET. RUNNING COST EVEN CHEAPER.
ROOM FOR COUNTING ERROR IS MINIMIZED
SIMPLIFIED THROUGH IMAGE SYMBOLS &
MULTILINGUAL INTERFACE
REDUCES GENDER GAP IN VOTING, ADDS TO
WOMEN’S CONVENIENCE, ELIMINATES
SOCIOCULTURAL BARRIER
ALLOWS OVERSEAS PAKISTANIS TO VOTE AND
PARTICIPATE
RESULTS COME OUT ARE FINAL RESULTS,
MOVEMENT CAN BE OBSERVED IN REAL-TIME

8. Criticisms?
8
NOT EVERYONE HAS A PHONE
MOBILE DISRUPTIONS
NO MORE TAMPERING
191 MILLION ACTIVE VOTERS
60% APP-FRIENDLY SMARTPHONES
ELIGIBLE VOTERS ~ PHONE ACCESS
USE SIMPLE TEXT/VOICE OPTIONS TOO
USE POLLING BOOTHS IN PARALLEL
BLOCKCHAIN TECHNOLOGY
NO EDITING POST-FACTO
NO FORM 45-47
NO MORE PHYSICAL CONGREGATION, NO SECURITY
RISK

9. A Test of Youth
9

10. Thank You
Dr. Usman W. Chohan
Advisor, Economic Affairs
& National Development, CASS
10