This PPT contains information about Different ypes of Batteries

1. Battery Types
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2. Topics
Lead Acid Battery
Sealed Lead Acid Battery
Starter Battery
Deep-cycle Battery
Gel lead acid battery
Absorbent Glass Mat (AGM)
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3. Lead Acid Battery
• Invented by the French physician Gaston Plante in 1859.
• It was First Rechargeable battery for commercial use.
• It was used today also , Inexpensive on a cost/watt.
• Due to cost-effective, they are used in automobiles,
golf cars, forklifts, marine, UPS, etc.
Gaston Plante
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4. • Pure Lead is too soft & to get mechanical strength & improve it’s
electrical properties by adding Antimony, Calcium, Tin, Selenium.
• It is heavy
• Full discharge causes strain & each discharge/charge cycle robs
the battery.
• Depending on depth of discharge, lead acid for deep-cycle
applications provides 200-300 cycles.
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5. • Lead acid has a moderate life span.
• According to RWTH, Aachen, Germany (2018), the cost of the
flooded lead acid is about $150 per kWh
• Full charge takes 14-16 hrs.
• Charging a lead acid battery is simple, but the correct voltage limits
must be observed.
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6. Low
Voltage
Shelters the battery
Poor performance
Sulfation on negative
plate, can be reversed if
service in time or by
adding carbon
High
Voltage
Improves performance
Grid corrosion on positive
plate & it is permanent
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7. Sealed Lead Acid
• The First Sealed Lead Acid emerged in mid-1970s.
• Engineers argued that the term sealed lead acid was improper
because no LA battery can be totally sealed.
• To control venting, valve was added.
• They are packed in plastic container.
• Used in UPS, Emergency light, wheelchair
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8. Lead acid batteries are commonly classified
into three usages
Automotive
Starter or SLI (starter-light-ignition)
Motive Power
Traction or deep cycle
Stationary
UPS
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9. Starter Batteries
• As the name suggests, starter batteries are only used to start up
machines. The most common application of a starter
battery is starting an engine. The starter battery is characterized
by having a greater starting power compared to other batteries.
• It deliver high current but it cannot be deep-cycled.
• Low internal resistance because of thin plates, adding extra plates
& lead in sponge-like form.
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10. Starter
Battery
Capacity
Ratings
Ah (Ampere hour) or RS (Reserve
Capacity) to indicate energy storage
capability
SAE (Society of Automotive Engineers)
J537 specifies 30 sec of discharge at -
18deg C at rated CCA without voltage
drop below 7.2V
CCA (Cold Cranking amps) to signify
the current a battery can deliver at
cold temp.
RC reflects the runtime in minutes at a
steady discharge of 25.
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11. Deep-cycle Battery
• It is built to provide continuous power like in wheelchair, golf cars,
forklifts & more.
• It is built for max. capacity & high cycle count.
• Plates are thick to improve cycling ability.
• Capacity is typically rated as 5hr & 20hr discharge.
• A Starter battery cannot be swapped with a deep-cycle battery or
vice-versa. But the combination are done in trucks, buses, military
vehicles ,etc
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12. Cycle performance of starter and deep-cycle batteries
Depth of Discharge Starter Battery Deep-Cycle Battery
100% 12–15 cycles 150–200 cycles
50% 100–120 cycles 400–500 cycles
30% 130–150 cycles 1,000 and more cycles
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13. Comparison of lead acid and Li-ion as starter battery
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14. Advantages and limitations of lead acid batteries
•Inexpensive and simple to manufacture;
low cost per watt-hour
•Low self-discharge; lowest among
rechargeable batteries
•High specific power, capable of high
discharge currents
•Good low and high temperature
performance
Advantages Disadvantages
•Low specific energy; poor weight-to-energy
ratio
•Slow charge; fully saturated charge takes
14-16 hours
•Must be stored in charged condition to
prevent sulfation
•Limited cycle life; repeated deep-cycling
reduces battery life
•Flooded version requires watering
•Transportation restrictions on the flooded
type
•Not environmentally friendly
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15. Types of Sealed lead acid battery
There are several types of sealed acid have emerged , most common are :
Gel Lead Acid Battery
Absorbent Glass Mat (AGM)
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16. Absorbent Glass Mat (AGM)
• AGM technology became popular in the early 1980s as a sealed
lead acid battery for military aircraft, vehicles and UPS to reduce
weight & improve reliability.
• The sulfuric acid is absorbed by a very fine fiberglass mat, making
the battery spill-proof. This enables shipment without hazardous
material restrictions.
• It has very low internal resistance.
• Commonly used in high-end vehicles to run power-hungry
accessories such as heated seats, steering wheels, A.C. and
windshields.
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17. Advantages and Disadvantages of AGM
•Spill-proof through acid encapsulation in
matting technology
•High specific power, low internal
resistance, responsive to load
•Up to 5 times faster charge than with
flooded technology
•Water retention (oxygen and hydrogen
combine to produce water)
•Vibration resistance due to sandwich
construction
•Stands up well to cold temperature
Advantages Disadvantages
•Higher manufacturing cost than flooded
•Sensitive to overcharging (AGM has tighter
tolerances than gel)
•Capacity has gradual decline (gel has a
performance dome)
•Low specific energy
•Must be stored in charged condition (less
critical than flooded)
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18. Gel Lead Acid Battery
• The early gelled lead acid battery developed in 1950s.
• Mixing sulfuric acid with a silica-gelling agent convert liquid
electrolyte into semi-stiff paste.
• The cycle count on gel is said to be larger than AGM and the
secret lies in holding more acid due to its design.
• Gel is cheaper than flooded
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19. Advantages and Disadvantages of Gel Battery
•Maintenance free; can be mounted
sideways; low self-discharge
•Long lasting due to its ability to transfer
heat to the outside
•Performance stays high until the end of
life, then drops rapidly
•Produces water by combining oxygen and
hydrogen
•Safe operation and forgiving if abused;
less dry-out than AGM
•High cycle count, tolerance to abuse and
heat
•Large variety of battery sizes available
Advantages Disadvantages
•Higher manufacturing cost than AGM
•Sensitive to overcharging (gel is more
tolerant than AGM)
•Moderate specific energy and load current
•Subject to release gases. Ventilation
needed
•Must be stored in charged condition (less
critical than flooded)
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