PPT By: KEAN SIANDA From BATIS A lesson PowerPoint of Reading in the PHILIPPINE HISTORY lesson 5 & 6 focusing on the Kartilya Ng Katipunan and Proclamation of Philippine Independence. A concise version suitable for reporting. 1ST YEAR COLLEGE LEVEL. Has additional info's and data, with pictures.

1. LESSON 5:
THE KARTILYA OF THE
KATIPUNAN

2. Historical context
The first move towards independence began on July
7, 1892 when the Katipunan was established by
Andres Bonifacio. This was a result of the failure of
the Reform Movement in Spain in which Filipinos
attempted to demand reforms for the Philippines
from the Spanish government. Bonifacio saw the
futility of the efforts of the Filipino propagandists
and organized an underground movement against
Spain.

3. Early Flag of the Katipuneros

4. Historical context
The Kataastaasang Kagalang-galangang Katipunan ng mga
Anak ng Bayan or KKK
- was a revolutionary society that espoused independence
and freedom for the Philippines through force of arms. Its
main objective was separation of the Philippines from Spain
and, at the same time, the development of the Filipinos as
citizens of their own nation once independence was
achieved. The latter was done through the written works by
Bonifacio and fellow Katipunero, Emilio Jacinto, who wrote a
number of poems and essays for the society members.

5. Historical context
It was the original plan of
Bonifacio to increase the
membership of the Katipunan by
means of sistemang patatsulok or
triangle system. He formed his
first triangle with his two
comrades, Teodoro Plata and
Ladislao Diwa. Each of them re-
instituted Katipunan thoughts
into another two new converts.

6. About the Author
Emilio Jacinto, born on December
15,1875, in Trozo Tondo, Manila,
Philippines, was the son of Mariano
Jacinto and Josefa Dizon. A pivotal
figure in the Philippine revolution,
he played a crucial role in the
Katipunan, advocating for
independence from Spanish rule. His
influential writings, including the
"Kartilya ng Katipunan," embody the
spirit of Filipino nationalism.

7. About the Author
Emilio Jacinto’s legacy is one of intellectual
brilliance and unwavering dedication to the
fight for Philippine independence. His pivotal
role within the Katipunan, his literary
contributions, and his resilience in the face of
adversities underscore his significance in
shaping the nation’s history. Jacinto’s life
serves as an inspiration, reflecting the spirit
of sacrifice and patriotism that defined the
heroes of the Philippine Revolution. He died
on April 6,1899 due to malaria.

8. About the text
In his study of the Katipunan history and its documents, Jim Richardson said that
“the Kartilya is the best known of all Katipunan texts” and that it is “the only
document of any length set in print by the Katipunan prior to August 1896 that is
known to be still extant.” The Kartilya was printed as a small pamphlet that was
distributed to the members of the Katipunan. Its term was derived from the
Spanish cartilla which was the primer used for grade schools during the Spanish
period. And like the cartillas, this document served as the primary lessons for the
members of the Katipunan.
The Kartilya presents not only the teachings for the neophyte Katipunero but also
the guiding principles of the society. These teachings are expected from the
members even after the attainment of freedom from the colonizers. The Kartilya
ends with a document of affirmation by the member to the society’s teachings.

9. The Kartilya is still important
today because it teaches us
about being a good Filipino and
standing up for our identity. It’s
like a timeless lesson that helps
us understand who we are,
especially when outside
influences try to change our
culture and history due to
globalization.

10. What’s inside of the
Kartilya Ng Katipunan?

11. 1. ASSOCIATION OF THE
SONS OF THE PEOPLE
To those who want to join
this Association

12. The document outlines the principles and
requirements for joining the “Association of the
Sons of the People.” It emphasizes unity among
Tagalogs through a strong oath, promoting
genuine love for the homeland and compassion
for all members, irrespective of their status.
Prospective members are warned against mere
curiosity or personal gain, as the association
prioritizes action over words, renouncing
disorderly habits, and following the authority of
the Katipunan. Duties are described as
challenging, focusing on the protection of the
oppressed and the relentless fight against evil.
Financial support is secondary, with punctual
dues payment essential for the association’s
sustenance.

13. 2. Teachings of the
Katipunan of The Sons of
the People

14. The teachings of the Katipunan stress the
significance of dedicating one’s life to a
meaningful cause, highlighting the emptiness of
a purposeless existence. True virtue is identified
in selfless deeds driven by a sincere desire to do
good, rather than personal gain. The principles
emphasize equality among all individuals,
valuing character over external attributes.
Honorable conduct, defense of the oppressed,
and the fight against oppressors are core tenets,
along with the importance of time, family
responsibilities, and respect for women. The
teachings ultimately underscore the genuine
worth of an individual, emphasizing decency,
integrity, and commitment to justice.

15. Relevance
The current relevance of the Kartilya
lies in the fact that it established not
only the rules for the members of the
organization but the principles for
the citizens of a nation once
independence had been achieved.
Though written in the 19th century,
the Kartilya is significant to the lives
of modern Filipinos as it reads like a
simple creed for living in the light of
the many changes occurring at
present.

16. LESSON 6:
THE ACT OF PROCLAMATION OF
INDEPENDENCE OF THE FILIPINO
PEOPLE
ACTA DE LA PROCLAMACIÓN DE LA
INDEPENDENCIA DEL PUEBLO FILIPINO

17. Historical context
The first phase of the Philippine Revolution ended in a stalemate
between the Spaniards and the Filipino rebels. In December 1897, a
truce was declared between the two forces with the Filipino leaders,
led by Gen. Emilio Aguinaldo, agreeing to be exiled to Hong Kong
while the Spaniards paid an indemnity for the damages caused as a
result of the conflict. The truce, however, lasted for only a few
months before it collapsed. The renewed conflict would have been
disastrous for the Filipinos if not for the deteriorating diplomatic
relations between Spain and the United States over the another
revolution in Cuba. This eventually led to the Spanish-American War
in 1898 and the arrival of a new colonizer to the Philippines the
Americans.

18. Historical context
On June 12, 1898, Aguinaldo declared
Philippine independence from Spanish rule
at a ceremony in his house in Kawit, Cavite.
Ambrosio Rianzares Bautista read the
declaration that was later signed by 177
persons, including an American mlitary
officer. The Philippine National Anthem,
then known as “Marcha Nacional Filipina,”
composed by Julian Felipe, was played by
the Banda de San Francisco de Malabon
and the Philippine flag was again unfurled.

19. About the author
(Although the actual author
of the proclamation was
Ambrosio Rianzares Bautista,
the initiator of Philippine
independence that led to the
making of the proclamation
was Gen. Emilio Aguinaldo.)

20. About the author
Emilio Aguinaldo, born on March 22, 1869, in
Kawit, Cavite (Cavite el Viejo), emerged as a
central figure in Philippine history. Hailing from
a wealthy and influential family, he initially
followed in his father’s footsteps, later joining
the Katipunan and playing a pivotal role in the
Philippine Revolution. Born in Kawit, a town in
the province of Cavite, Aguinaldo’s
contributions unfolded against the backdrop
of a nation striving for independence from
Spanish colonization.

21. About the author
Emilio Aguinaldo’s life was characterized
by a multifaceted journey, transitioning
from a wealthy family background to
becoming a key figure in the fight for
Philippine independence. His early
involvement in the Katipunan,
leadership during the revolutionary
government, and the proclamation of
independence showcased his dedication
to liberating the country from Spanish
rule.

22. Declaration of Philippine Independence

23. About the text
On June 10, 1896, Gen. Emilio Aguinaldo issued a one- sentence decree
appointing his Auditor General of War, Ambrosio Rianzares Bautista, as a "special
commissioner" to write the Act of the Declaration of the Independence. The result
was a sixteen-page document that contained the aspirations of freedom from
Spanish rule, the sacrifices made, and the revolution that resulted from it. It was
the text of this declaration that was read in Kawit in the afternoon of the
celebration of the declaration of independence. Copies of the document were
made and distributed. However, there was a problem in determining how many
witnesses really signed the declaration. The copies classified under Philippine
Revolutionary Papers (PRP) in the National Library had varying numbers. Later
research by historian-writer Jim Richardson placed the total number of signees at
177.

24. THE ACT OF PROCLAMATION OF
INDEPENDENCE OF THE FILIPINO
PEOPLE

25. Emilio Aguinaldo emerges as a central figure, recognized as
the Supreme Head of the nation. The proclamation confers
powers upon him to lead the newly declared independent
Philippines. The document expresses gratitude to the United
States, acknowledging its disinterested protection. The
symbolism embedded in the flag design, representing the
Katipunan, key islands, and colors reminiscent of the United
States’ flag, serves as a visual manifestation of historical ties
and gratitude.

26. Furthermore, the proclamation delves into the injustices
suffered by notable figures such as José Rizal and priests like
Burgos, Gomez, and Zamora. It condemns the unjust
executions and abuses orchestrated by Spanish authorities in
collaboration with friars, aiming to suppress dissent. The
narrative emphasizes the sacrifices made by these martyrs
and their role in igniting the flame of revolution. The
proclamation is a poignant testament to the collective
resolve of the Filipino people to reclaim their independence,
drawing strength from historical grievances and a shared
commitment to freedom.

27. GOM-BUR-ZA
Gomburza refers to three Filipino priests:
Mariano Gomez, Jose Burgos, and Jacinto
Zamora. They were executed on February
17, 1872, during the Philippines’ Spanish
colonial period. The execution followed
their involvement in the 1872 Cavite
Mutiny, which was a failed uprising of
Filipino soldiers and workers against
Spanish authorities. Gomburza’s execution
fueled nationalist sentiments and played a
role in the later Philippine independence
movement.

28. Garrote
Is a tool or weapon used for
strangulation. It typically
consists of a length of wire or
cord with handles on both ends,
which is tightened around a
person’s neck to choke them. It
has been historically used for
executions or assassinations.

29. The Early Symbolism of the Philippine flag
Katipunan’s Explanation
It highlights the significance of the flag’s
design and colors, including the white
triangle representing the Katipunan society,
the three stars representing the principal
islands of the Philippines, the sun
symbolizing progress and civilization, and
the eight rays representing the provinces
that declared war during the revolution.

30. The Early Symbolism of the Philippine flag
Katipunan’s Explanation
Additionally, it acknowledges the colors of
blue, red, and white as a tribute to the flag
of the United States of America, expressing
gratitude for its protection and support.
The eight provinces symbolized by the
sun’s rays on the Philippine flag are:
1.Manila
2.Cavite
3. Bulacan
4. Pampanga
5. Nueva Ecija
6. Bataan
7. Laguna
8. Batangas

31. RELevance
Nothing is more relevant to Philippine history than the
declaration of independence from colonial rule. The
Declaration is, of course, that sole document that proves the
value Filipinos place on their freedom. At present, our
independence has been questioned especially in relation to
our dealings with the United States (which colonized us for
almost half a century and later recognized our independence
in 1946). However, it must be understood that the
independence we attained in 1898 was freedom that was
fought for with the lives of Filipinos. The goal or objective of
this independence, however, is something that we might
have failed to achieve and protect properly. It in this context
that the Acta must be studied again.