kjb

1. Introduction to DHIS2
Mengistu Y.

2. What is DHIS2?
• Flexible - Each organization build their OWN system on top of it
• Web-based platform
• Open source and free
• Supports capture, management and analysis of information
• Information Management System
• With awesome visualization features
• Including GIS, charts and pivot tables

3. Purpose of DHIS2
• Collect, Manage, Visualize and explore your data
• Programming
• Analyzing
• Reporting
• Decision Making
• Monitoring

4. History of DHIS2
• 1997: DHIS1 in Western Cape Province, South Africa
• 2000: DHIS1 becomes national system in South Africa
• 2006: First DHIS 2 implementation in Kerala, India
• 2010: First national online DHIS2 implementation in Kenya
• 2012: PSI adopts DHIS 2
Multi-country systems
• 2013: MSF adopts DHIS 2
External contributions, dev team collaboration
• 2013: PEPFAR adopts DHIS 2
Partner reporting, data approval
• 2015: NGO adoption taking off

5. History . . .
• DHIS2 is developed by the Health Information Systems Programme
(HISP)
• The development is coordinated by the University of Oslo with
support from NORAD and other donors.
Where is DHIS2 deployed?
• in use by 67 low and middle-income countries
• National-scale deployments in 46 countries
• NGOs use it in 100+ countries

6. DHIS 2 Environment (Version 2.27)
• Opening DHIS 2
• Logging in and out of the application
• Navigating the application (The two menu systems: Apps and
Profile)—and navigation inside modules

7. How to Access DHIS2
• To access the DHIS 2 application you need a URL (address), Username
and Password. Example, the Demo Database of Sierra Leone ….
• URL: - www.play.dhis2.org/demo
• Username: - admin
• Password: - district
• To access the FMOH DHIS 2 application:
• URL: - 197.156.93.186:8080
• Username: - [Your Username]
• Password: - [Your Pasword]
• Note: We use a different URL for the training.

8. DHIS 2 Sign in Page—FMOH DHIS2 Site

9. DHIS2 Environment … Dashboard Apps
Profile
Key Performance Indicators
are presented in the
Dashboard (in the form of
Tables, Graphs/Charts and
Maps)

10. Apps
As you click
on Apps …

11. Profiles
As you click
on Profiles …

12. DHIS2 Environment …
• DHIS 2 provides functionality to exchange messages within and
outside the system as feedback mechanism
• Messages can be written to specific users within the system.
• They can also be sent to their e-mail address provided along with
their profile
• It also provides a platform to send SMS to individual users
• Users who have privileges to access the dashboard can send
messages to a user or a group of users feedbacks and interpretations
• The messages users receive within the system appear at the
dashboard.

13. How can we use DHIS2?
• Online and Offline
• Mobile/Tablet/Computer Data Collection
• At the office and in the field
• User friendly Interface

14. Indicators
• Indicators are tools that help comparison of performance across different
facilities or different periods.
• In other words … Indicators are variables that help to measure changes, directly
or indirectly.
• While data elements can show raw data, indicators are calculated.
• An indicator has a numerator, a denominator, type of indicator, annualization,
and possibly a constant.
• The numerators are usually data elements while the denominators can be either
data elements or number of facilities.
• There are different type of indicators categorized by the factor that is used to
multiply the results (e.g., Percentage, incidence rates per 1000, 100,000,
Constant).

15. Indicators—Examples:
1. Skilled Birth Attendance Rate
• Numerator: Deliveries by skilled birth attendants
• Denominator: Expected pregnancies (annual)
• Indicator Type: Percentage
• Formula:
Deliveries by skilled birth attendants
_______________________________ X 100
Total number of deliveries conducted%
• … And the indicator is ANNUALIZED.

16. Indicators—Examples:
1. Maternal Mortality Rate
• Numerator: Maternal deaths
• Denominator: Registered live births
• Indicator Type: Per hundred thousand
• Formula:
All maternal deaths occurring within a reference period
_______________________________ X ?
Live births occurring within the reference period

17. DHIS2 tools

18. DHIS2 additional features
• Automatic Indicator calculation
• Automatic scoring of Assessments
• Easily creating Reports, Pivots…
• Completed data can not be edited
• Data is available seamlessly
• Data is highly auditable
• Writing Interpretations

19. DHIS2 supports the different facets of the
information cycle including:
• Collecting data.
• Running quality checks.
• Data access at multiple levels.
• Reporting.
• Making graphs and maps and other forms of analysis.
• Enabling comparison across time (for example, previous months) and
space (for example, across facilities and districts).
• See trends (displaying data in time series to see their min and max
levels).

20. Deployment strategies - online vs offline
• DHIS2 is a network enabled application and can be accessed over the
Internet, a local intranet as well as a locally installed system.
• The deployment alternatives for DHIS2 are:
i) offline deployment - typically at the district level
ii) online deployment - All users connect on-line through inteernet
iii) hybrid deployment – both on-line and off-line co-exist in a common
deployment

21. Server hosting
• Internal hosting within the Ministry of Health
• Hosting within a government data centre
• Hosting through an external hosting company

22. Aggregated and Patient data in a HIS
• Patient data is data relating to a single patient, such as his/her
diagnosis, name, age, earlier medical history etc. This data is typically
based on a single patient-health care worker interaction.
• Aggregated data is the consolidation of data relating to multiple
patients, and therefore cannot be traced back to a specific patient.
They are merely counts, such as incidences of Malaria, TB, or other
diseases. Typically, the routine data that a health facility deals with is
this kind of aggregated statistics.

23. Using the Data Entry app
• The Data Entry app is where you manually enter aggregated data in
DHIS2.
• You register data for an organisation unit, a period, and a set of data
elements (data set) at a time.
• Open the Data Entry app.
• In the organization unit tree to the left, select an organization unit.
• Select a Data set.
• Select a Period
• Enter data in the data entry form.
• click Run validation
• Correct validation violations.
• click Complete

24. Control data quality
• Correctness
• Completeness
• Consistency
• Timeliness
Validation rule analysis
• Workflow - Schedule a validation rule analysis to run automatically
• Standard deviation outlier analysis
• Minimum maximum outlier analysis

25. Other features
• Capture - The Capture app lets you select the organisation unit and
program and specify a date when an event happened, before entering
information for the event.
• Register an event
• Edit an event
• Delete an event

26. Using the Data Visualizer app

27. Using the Data Visualizer app

28. Using the Data Visualizer app

29. Analyze data in pivot tables
• With the Pivot Table app, you can create pivot tables based on all
available data dimensions in DHIS2.
• A pivot table is a dynamic tool for data analysis which lets you
summarize and arrange data according to its dimensions.
• data dimension itself (for example data elements, indicators and events)
• periods (representing the time period for the data)
• organization hierarchy (representing the geographical location of the data)

30. Using the Maps app
• The Maps App serves as a replacement of the GIS App offering a more
intuitive and user-friendly interface.
• The mapping engine from version 2.34 is based on WebGL
technology, capable of showing thousands of features on a map
simultaneously

31. Dashboards
• Brainstorm:
• What key features do you see on the Dashboard of a car?
• How do you relate the Dashboard of a car with program
performance?
• How do you define DHIS2 Dashboard?

32. Dashboards …
• DHIS2’s Dashboard is a place to post key analysis results.
• We can make the performance figures in the Dashboards dynamic. This can
be achieved by making the analyses periods relative.
• Dashboards can be used to share elements of DHIS2 with specific
users/groups. Example of things to share are: Pivot tables, Graphs and
Maps.
• We can also share data elements/indicators to the public specific groups.
• From the Dashboard APP, we can manage (add, delete or edit )
Dashboards, update our profiles, write feedback, exchange messages, write
interpretation of analyses, and share dashboards.

33. Managing dashboards
• Dashboards are intended to provide quick access to different
analytical objects (maps, charts, reports, tables, etc) to an individual
user.
• Dashboards can also be shared with user groups.
• A user or administrator could create a dashboard called "Antenatal
care" which might contain all relevant information on antenatal care.
• All users within this group would then be able to view the same
dashboard.

34. Dashboard

35. Using the Event Reports app
• Aggregated event reports: Pivot table-style analysis with aggregated
numbers of events By selecting Aggregated values from the top-left
menu you can use the Event Reports app to create pivot tables with
aggregated numbers of events.
• Individual event reports: Lists of events By selecting Events from the
top-left menu you can use the Event Reports app to make searches or
queries for events based on a flexible set of criteria.

36. Thank You!!